裸支架治疗锁骨下动脉穿刺口出血1例报道

患者男,62岁.因"腹部胀痛伴黑便18天"入院,既往有腹主动脉瘤、肝肾多发囊肿等病史.1年前发现胰头癌行"Rouxen-Y胆肠吻合术 脾切除术",术后常规化疗,病情稳定.     

Severe pneumonia and acute myocardial infarction complicated with pericarditis after percutaneous coronary intervention: A case report

BACKGROUNDCases of severe pneumonia complicated with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with good prognosis after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) are rare, especially those with postoperative pericarditis and intestinal obstruction.CASE SUMMARYA 53-year-old male patient was admitted to the emergency department of our hospital because of paroxysmal chest tightness for 4 d, aggravated with chest pain for 12 h. The symptoms, electrocardiography, biochemical parameters, echocardiography and chest computed tomography confirmed the diagnosis of severe pneumonia complicated with AMI. The patient was treated with antiplatelet aggregation, anticoagulation, lipid regulation, vasodilation, anti-infective agents and direct PCI. The patient was discharged after 3 wk of treatment. Follow-up showed that the patient was asymptomatic without recurrence.CONCLUSIONFor patients with severe pneumonia complicated with AMI, PCI and antibiotic therapy is a life-saving strategy.     

锁骨下动脉支架置入术后再狭窄的发生率及其影响因素分析

目的应用彩色多普勒超声分析锁骨下动脉重度狭窄或闭塞性病变患者支架置入术后再狭窄的发生率及其影响因素。 方法回顾性纳入2016年1月至2018年4月于首都医科大学宣武医院经彩色多普勒血流显像（CDFI）筛查及数字减影血管造影（DSA）证实的锁骨下动脉重度狭窄或闭塞患者共172例,所有患者均行锁骨下动脉支架（SAS）介入治疗。根据SAS术后随访检查结果将172例患者分为再狭窄组（31例）与无再狭窄组（141例）。于术前、术后1周、3、6、12个月采用CDFI检测记录狭窄病变的内径、长度,狭窄段及狭窄以远段的收缩期峰值流速（PSV₁、PSV₂）、舒张期末流速（EDV）。分析SAS术后再狭窄发生率,比较2组患者术前与术后各随访时间段血流动力学参数变化,应用单因素及多因素Logistic回归方法分析SAS术后再狭窄的影响因素。 结果172例患者支架置入成功率为95.3%（164/172）,术后12个月再狭窄检出率为18.0%（31/172）。与术前相比,术后锁骨下动脉内径明显增宽［（1.5±0.7）mm vs（5.9±1.0）mm,t=49.384,P<0.001］,狭窄段PSV₁较术前明显改善［（437.7±169.5）cm/s vs（178.5±56.0）cm/s,t=19.905,P<0.001］,狭窄以远段PSV₂明显升高［（72.5±31.3）cm/s vs（124.3±34.8）cm/s,t=-15.267,P<0.001］。再狭窄组PSV₁在术后3、6、12个月逐渐升高,在术后12个月时PSV₁平均值达最高（363.7±141.4）cm/s,与术前比较无显著性差异（P>0.05）;无再狭窄组的PSV₁术后3、6、12个月与术后1周比较,差异均无统计学意义（P均>0.05）。狭窄病变长度≥2 cm（OR=3.640,95%CI：1.413~9.379,P<0.01）、支架内残余狭窄（OR=21.860,95%CI：2.218~215.479,P<0.01）是SAS术后再狭窄的独立危险因素。 结论锁骨下动脉长段病变、术后残余狭窄是影响支架术后再狭窄的重要因素。CDFI能够客观、准确评价SAS术前、术后血流动力学变化,并早期发现再狭窄,对提高支架远期疗效具有重要的临床价值。     

Spontaneous dissection of proximal left main coronary artery in a healthy adolescent presenting with syncope: A case report

BACKGROUNDSpontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is a frequent cause of acute coronary syndrome in young to middle-aged women with few or no traditional cardiovascular risk factors. Chest pain is the most frequently described presenting symptom, but syncope is extremely rare. Herein, we report on a 16-year-old girl who presented with an episode of syncope occurring during a race. Despite significantly elevated troponin level, the diagnosis of the left main coronary artery SCAD with cardiogenic shock was delayed. CASE SUMMARYA 16-year-old girl presented with an episode of syncope. Myocardial injury markers were positive. Echocardiography showed a mildly reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (50%). Although initially stable, she later experienced recurrent chest pain accompanying precordial ST segment elevation with dynamic changes and developed cardiogenic shock, necessitating emergent revascularization. Coronary angiography demonstrated almost total occlusion at the ostium and proximal segment of the left main trunk coronary artery (LMT). Intravascular ultrasound confirmed a false lumen with prominent dissection in the LMT. Percutaneous coronary intervention assisted by intra-aortic balloon pump was conducted in the LMT. A 3.5 mm × 24 mm everolimus-eluting stent was deployed to the focal lesions of the LMT. A postprocedural electrocardiogram showed alleviation of the precordial ST-segment elevation. The diagnosis of SCAD was confirmed. Transthoracic echocardiography showed an improved left ventricular ejection fraction (57%). The patient was asymptomatic during the 24-mo. follow-up period.CONCLUSIONSCAD should always be considered in the differential diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome presentations in low-risk patients, regardless of age.     

Ileal hemorrhagic infarction after carotid artery stenting: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUNDIleal hemorrhagic infarction after carotid artery stenting (CAS) is a fatal complication. The prognosis of ileal hemorrhagic infarction after CAS is very poor if not treated in a timely manner. We describe a rare case of ileal hemorrhagic infarction due to acute embolism of the mesenteric artery after CAS. CASE SUMMARYA 67-year-old man with acute ischemic stroke underwent CAS via the right femoral artery approach 21 d after intensive medical treatment. On the first day after surgery, the patient had abdominal distension and abdominal pain. Abdominal enhanced computed tomography revealed intestinal obstruction, severe stenosis of the superior mesenteric artery, and poor distal angiography. An exploratory laparotomy was performed, and pathological examination showed hemorrhagic ileal infarction. It was subsequently found that the patient had intestinal flatulence. With the guidance of an ultrasound scan, the patient underwent abdominal puncture, drainage, and catheterization. After 58 d of treatment, the patient was discharged from hospital with a National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 2 points, and a Modified Rankin Scale score of 1 point. At the 6-mo follow-up, the patient had an excellent functional outcome without stroke or mesenteric ischemia. Furthermore, computed tomography angiography showed that the carotid stent was patent.CONCLUSIONIleal hemorrhagic infarction is a fatal complication after CAS, usually caused by mesenteric artery embolism. Thus, more attention should be paid to the complications of embolism in the vascular system as well as the nervous system after CAS, and the complications should be identified and treated as early as possible.     

Acute carotid stent thrombosis: A case report and literature review

BACKGROUNDAcute carotid stent thrombosis (ACST) is a rare but devastating complication in the carotid artery stenting (CAS) procedure. The aim of this article is to report a case and review cases of ACST reported in the literature, and investigate risk factors and management strategies for ACST. CASE SUMMARYWe reviewed the treatment process of a patient with ACST after CAS. Then multiple databases were systematically searched to identify studies reporting ACST from 2005 to 2020. The demographic data, risk factors, treatment strategies, and prognosis were extracted and analyzed.CONCLUSIONThe reason for ACST is multifactorial. Proper patient selection, normative anti-platelet treatment, and perfect technical detail may decrease the incidence of ACST. Several treatment strategies such as thrombolysis, mechanical thrombectomy, and open surgery may be options for the treatment of ACST. Limited data have shown that carotid endarterectomy is effective with favorable results.     

急性冠状动脉综合征老年患者经不同途径下行经皮冠状动脉介入术疗效的对比

目的研究分析急性冠状动脉综合征老年患者经桡动脉以及经股动脉两种途径行经皮冠状动脉介入术(PCI)疗效的异同,以指导临床实践。方法选取于2009年1月至2013年12月期间行PCI的老年患者80例,随机分为A、B两组,分别为行经桡动脉PCI组34例和经股动脉PCI组46例,对比两组手术疗效及术后40 d内并发症发生率的差异。结果经对比发现,老年患者经桡动脉途径和经股动脉途径行PCI治疗的手术效果及术后40 d内的严重并发症发生率无明显差异(P0.05),但经桡动脉组平均住院天数较短,与操作相关的不良事件和心脏外局部并发症发生率低于经股动脉组(P0.05)。结论经股动脉途径或经桡动脉途径行PCI对于一般老年患者均可选择。经桡动脉途径较经股动脉途径行PCI术的手术时间较短,并发症较少,但两种途径的疗效无显著差异。     

Iatrogenic aortic dissection during right transradial intervention in a patient with aberrant right subclavian artery: A case report

BACKGROUNDAberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is the most common congenital anomaly of the aortic arch. When patients having such anomalies receive transradial intervention (TRI), aortic dissection (AD) may occur. Herein, we discuss a case of iatrogenic type B AD occurring during right TRI in an ARSA patient, that was later salvaged by percutaneous angioplasty.CASE SUMMARYA 73-year-old man presented to our hospital with intermittent chest pain. Coronary computed tomography (CT) angiography revealed significant stenosis in the left anterior descending artery. Diagnostic coronary angiography was performed via the right radial artery without difficulty. However, we were unable to advance the guiding catheter past the ostium of the right subclavian artery to the aortic arch for percutaneous coronary intervention, while the guidewire tended to go down the descending aorta. The patient suddenly complained of chest and back pain. Emergent CT aortography revealed type B AD propagating to the left renal artery (RA) with preserved renal perfusion. However, after 2 d, the patient suddenly complained of right lower limb pain where the femoral pulse was suddenly undetectable. Follow-up CT indicated further progression of dissection to the right external iliac artery (EIA) and left RA with limited flow. We performed percutaneous angioplasty of the right EIA and left RA without complications. Follow-up CT aortography at 8 mo showed optimal results.CONCLUSIONA caution is required during right TRI in ARSA to avoid AD. Percutaneous angioplasty can be a treatment option.     

ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in Kawasaki disease: A case report and review of literature

BACKGROUNDKawasaki disease (KD) is an acute self-limiting febrile vasculitis that occurs during childhood and can cause coronary artery aneurysm (CAA). CAAs are associated with a high rate of adverse cardiovascular events.CASE SUMMARYA Korean 35-year-old man with a 30-year history of KD presented to the emergency room with chest pain. Emergent coronary angiography was performed as ST-segment elevation in the inferior leads was observed on the electrocardiogram. An aneurysm of the left circumflex (LCX) coronary artery was found with massive thrombi within. A drug-eluting 4.5 mm 23 mm-sized stent was inserted into the occluded area without complications. The maximal diameter of the LCX was 6.0 mm with a Z score of 4.7, suggestive of a small aneurysm considering his age, sex, and body surface area. We further present a case series of 19 patients with KD, including the current patient, presenting with acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Notably, none of the cases showed Z scores; only five patients (26%) had been regularly followed up by a physician, and only one patient (5.3%) was being treated with antithrombotic therapy before ACS occurred.CONCLUSIONFor KD presenting with ACS, regular follow up and medical therapy may be crucial for improved outcomes.     

Congenital absence of the right coronary artery: A case report

BACKGROUNDAs a rare anomaly, congenital absence of the right coronary artery (RCA) occurs during the development of coronary artery. Patients with congenital absence of the RCA often show no clinical symptoms, and this disease is considered benign. The left coronary artery gives blood supply to the whole myocardium. The prevalence of congenital absence of the RCA is approximately 0.024%-0.066%. There are few cases reported as for this disease. In this work, a patient, with congenital absence of the RCA diagnosed by coronary angiography (CAG), was described. CASE SUMMARYA 41-year-old man arrived at our hospital for treatment, due to the repeated palpitations for a duration of one year. Considering the possibility of coronary heart disease, the patient underwent CAG that indicated the congenital absence of the RCA. Unfortunately, the patient refused to accept computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA), to further confirm the congenital absence of the RCA.CONCLUSIONSingle coronary artery is a rare type of coronary artery abnormality, which usually has no obvious clinical manifestations and is considered as a benign disease. CAG is the main means by which congenital absence of the RCA can be diagnosed, and the disease can also be further confirmed by CTCA.     

Delayed right coronary ostial obstruction after J-valve deployment in transcatheter aortic valve implantation: A case report

BACKGROUND Aortic stenosis is the most common valve disease in adults.Transcatheter aortic valve implantation(TAVI)is being increasingly applied for intermediate-to lowrisk patients.Here,we describe an uncommon complication of delayed right coronary obstruction in a transapical TAVI case.CASE SUMMARY A 73-year-old woman with a EuroSCORE II of 1.21%underwent transapical TAVI because of severe aortic stenosis.The surgical procedure was uneventful.However,during routine monitoring after valve placement,the patient had a sudden onset of slow heart rate,the systolic blood pressure dropped sharply from 115 to 60 mmHg,and the central venous pressure abruptly increased from 10 to 33 cmH2O.The patient had a poor response to vasoactive agents.Transesophageal echocardiography revealed poor myocardial contractility,and electrocardiography showed a significant depression of ST-segment.Another angiography was performed immediately,which suggested complete obstruction of the right coronary artery.An emergency protocol was initiated.Cardiopulmonary bypass was established immediately.An aortic biological valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass was performed.CONCLUSION Perioperative monitoring,early recognition,and diagnosis of obstruction of coronary arteries in TAVI are important.Transesophageal echocardiography is a useful diagnostic and monitoring tool in this situation.Emergency protocols should be established during TAVI.     

经皮冠状动脉介入术后并发症的循证护理

目的 探讨经皮冠状动脉介入术后并发症的最佳护理措施.方法 选择我院心内科2007年7月至2009年7月收治的203例冠心病患者,运用循证护理理论,查找国内相关文献,寻找有关经皮冠状动脉介入术后并发症的最佳护理方案,并应用于经皮冠状动脉介入术后并发症的护理实践中.结果 对患者实施循证护理后,改善了并发症的预后,缩短了住院时间,提高了患者的满意度.结论 合理的护理对于防止经皮冠状动脉介入术后并发症的发生或防止并发症加重及改善并发症预后起到重要作用.循证护理为临床护理实践中的决策提供了可靠的科学依据,满足了患者对护理质量、护理人员的业务素质的较高要求.