高频超声对2型糖尿病周围神经病变患者腓总神经的临床观察

目的探讨高频超声观察2型糖尿病周围神经病变患者腓总神经的临床价值。方法选取62例2型糖尿病患者,分为周围神经病变组32例和无周围神经病变组30例,并选取同期28例非糖尿病患者作为正常对照组,应用高频超声观察各组腓管处腓总神经图像变化,测量并比较腓总神经前后径、横径及横截面积,并结合神经电生理检查进行相关性分析。结果周围神经病变组腓总神经前后径、横径及横截面积较无周围神经病变组和正常对照组均增大,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。周围神经病变组患者腓总神经的横截面积与腓总神经感觉传导速度呈负相关(r=-0.552,P0.01)。结论高频超声能显示2型糖尿病周围神经病变患者腓总神经的异常改变,为临床诊断提供客观依据。     

高频超声对Ⅱ型糖尿病周围神经病变患者腓总神经的临床观察

目的 探讨高频超声观察Ⅱ型糖尿病周围神经病变患者腓总神经的临床价值。方法 选取62例2型糖尿病患者,分为周围神经病变组32例和无周围神经病变组30例,并选择同期28例非糖尿病患者作为对照组,应用高频超声观察各组腓管处腓总神经图像变化,测量并比较腓总神经前后径、横径及横截面积,并结合神经电生理检查进行相关性分析。结果 周围神经病变组腓总神经前后径、横径及横截面积较无周围神经病变组和对照组均增大,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。糖尿病伴周围神经病变组患者腓总神经的横截面积与腓总神经感觉传导速度呈显著负相关（r=-0.552,P＜0.01）。结论 高频超声能显示糖尿病合并周围神经病变患者腓总神经的异常改变,为临床诊断提供客观依据。     

神经传导速度在多系统萎缩诊断中的实用价值探讨

目的:探讨周围神经运动传导功能电生理检测在诊断多系统萎缩中(MSA)的实用价值。方法:回顾性分析2004年11月至今本院神经科诊断明确的45例帕金森病(PD)患者和29例MSA患者的神经电生理检测结果,包括双上肢正中神经和双下肢腓神经的运动传导功能及肛门括约肌肌电图(EMG),研究周围神经传导功能评定与MSA及其亚型诊断、病程、首发症状间的关系。结果:与PD组相比,MSA组腓神经末梢潜伏期延长,神经传导速度减慢;而MSA组不同类型患者间比较,橄榄脑桥小脑萎缩(OPCA)组较Shy-Drager综合征(SDS)组正中神经传导速度减慢,腓神经潜伏期延长,纹状体黑质变性(SND)组正中神经远端潜伏期延长;联合肛门括约肌EMG检查后,MSA组电生理异常率增加27.6%;周围神经传导异常组的疾病病程较神经传导正常组短,以上差异均具统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:MSA患者具有周围神经受损的亚临床电生理改变,不同亚型和不同病程累及程度有所不同,神经传导功能检测联合肛门括约肌EMG能提高临床诊断MSA的特异度。     

神经电生理技术对糖尿病周围神经病变患者的早期诊断价值

目的研究神经电生理技术对糖尿病周围神经病变患者的早期诊断价值。方法选择广东药科大学附属第一医院2012年3月至2015年3月收治的120例糖尿病患者作为研究对象,按照是否有周围神经病变将患者分为2组,其中对照组为糖尿病患者,68例;观察组为糖尿病周围神经病变患者,52例。对所有患者均进行神经电生理检测,比较2组患者的检查结果。结果观察组患者正中神经、尺神经、胫神经、腓总神经的MCV以及SCV值均小于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患者MCV、SCV的异常率分别为59.62%和76.92%,均显著高于对照组的11.76%和16.18%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。同时,观察组患者上、下肢NCV的异常率分别为55.77%和84.62%,也均显著高于对照组的5.88%和10.29%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论无周围神经病变的糖尿病患者,神经电生理技术对糖尿病周围神经病变患者的早期诊断价值较高,糖尿病周围神经病变患者NCV值显著低于对照组,可作为该病的诊断标准,尤其是下肢腓总神经的SCV,是糖尿病周围神经病变的最敏感指标。     

糖尿病性周围神经病变程度与神经传导速度及其血浆糖化血红蛋白水平的关系

目的:了解电生理检查在糖尿病性周围神经病(diabeticperipheralneu-ropathy,DPN)中的评估价值及DPN的相关危险因素。方法:测定104例2型糖尿病患者周围神经运动传导速度(motornerveconductionvelocity,MCV)和感觉传导速度(sensorynerveconductionve-locity,SCV),并与临床症状、体征及病程和糖化血红蛋白进行相关分析研究。结果:104例2型糖尿病患者中有神经系统异常症状或体征者48例占46.2%,MCV异常者79例占76.0%,SCV异常者96例占92.4%。与正常值相比犤潜伏期:腓总神经为(3.77±0.98)ms,胫神经为(5.0±0.5)ms,腓肠神经为(3.07±0.28)ms;MCV:腓总神经为(47.3±3.9)m/s,胫神经为(42.9±4.9)m/s,SCV:腓肠神经为(33.9±3.25)m/s〗,2型糖尿病患者周围神经末端潜伏期明显延长犤腓总神经为(5.27±1.33)ms,胫神经为(6.14±1.25)ms,腓肠神经为(4.98±0.67)ms犦,MCV和SCV明显减慢犤腓总神经MCV为(36.43±7.28)m/s,胫神经MCV为(36.07±8.82)m/s,腓肠神经SCV为(22.87±4.12)m/s犦,均具有显著性差异(t=4.231～7.513,P<0.01)。2型糖尿病患者病程越长周围神经MCV和SCV异常率越高,周围神经传导速度与血浆糖化血红蛋白值负相关(r=-0.802,P<0.01)。结论:糖尿病性周围神经病变的感觉神经异常明显于运动神经,且病程越长、糖化     

糖尿病患者周围神经病变的检测及其危险因素分析

目的应用肌电图对糖尿病患者周围神经的传导速度进行检测,并分析糖尿病周围神经病变的危险因素。方法选择大连市中心医院2002-06/2003-10住院的糖尿病患者54例。肌电图测定其正中神经、尺神经、腓总神经和胫神经的运动神经传导速度及正中神经、尺神经和胫后神经的感觉神经传导速度。当正中神经、尺神经的感觉、运动神经传导速度<50m/s,胫神经运动神经传导速度<40m/s确诊为糖尿病周围神经病变。以周围神经病变为因变量,以性别、年龄、病程、体质量指数、腰臀比、空腹血糖、血脂、高血压、吸烟、饮酒等因素为自变量进行t检验及多因素逐步回归分析。以50例正常人为正常对照组。结果①54例糖尿病患者全部进入结果分析,其中74%存在周围神经病变,正中神经、尺神经、胫后神经的感觉神经传导速度均低于正常对照组(P<0.05,0.01),下肢比上肢更加明显;运动神经传导速度仅正中神经低于正常对照组(P<0.05)。②有神经病变者的病程、高血压、空腹血糖、胆固醇、高、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇与无神经病变组有明显差异。③多因素逐步回归分析结果表明危险因素依次为病程、空腹血糖、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇。结论肌电图检测感觉神经传导速度较运动神经传导速度对糖尿病周围神经病变的评估更为敏感。病程、空腹血糖、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇可影响糖尿病周围神经病变的发生、发展。     

2型糖尿病神经肌电图分析

目的通过神经肌电图检查提高首次诊断2型糖尿病患者中并发多发性周围神经病变的临床诊断率。方法将首次确诊的83例2型糖尿病患者分为两组,A组为临床有多发性周围神经病变表现的患者24例,B组为临床无多发性周围神经病变表现的患者59例,C组为30例正常人作对照。采用上海海军研究所海神号NDI500型肌电图仪对所有入组者右侧正中神经、尺神经运动感觉传导速度(NCV),右侧腓总神经运动传导速度(MCV)和腓浅神经感觉传导速度(SCV)进行测定。结果(1)A组病人肌电图检查均有不同程度的运动、感觉神经传导速度减慢;(2)B组病人中有46例肌电图出现不同程度的运动、感觉神经传导速度减慢,占77.97%;(3)与B组病人相比较,A组患者的腓总神经MCV及腓浅神经SCV显著减慢(P<0.05)。A、B两组共检出肌电图异常患者70例(84.34%)。结论对于首次确诊为2型糖尿病的患者,应对其进行神经肌电图检查,尤其是腓浅神经SCV,可明显提高糖尿病并发多发性周围神经病变的检出率。     

超声在糖尿病周围神经病变中的应用价值

目的应用超声分析糖尿病周围神经病变(DPN)患者神经损害特征。方法选取我院2型糖尿病患者230例,其中合并有周围神经病变的患者110例(DPN组),未合并周围神经病变的患者120例(NDPN组);另选同期健康志愿者135例为对照组,比较三组尺神经、正中神经、腓总神经神经声像图特点,以及各神经纵径、横径及横截面积(CSA);分析DPN患者CSA与神经电生理指标的相关性。结果 DPN组及对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05),DPN组腓总神经内部回声减低者构成比较高(60.91%);三组尺神经、正中神经、腓总神经横径及纵径比较差异均无统计学意义;DPN组患者上述三条神经CSA均明显增大,与其他两组比较差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05);DPN患者上述三条神经CSA与感觉神经传导速度、运动神经传导速度及波幅呈负相关,与潜伏期呈正相关。结论应用超声观察神经异常声像表现及CSA值的变化,可对DPN患者神经损伤程度做出准确评估,可常规应用于DPN的筛查与随访中。     

高频超声在诊断糖尿病周围神经病变中的应用价值

147例糖尿病患者根据有无周围神经病变分为观察组(有周围神经病变组)83例和对照组(无周围神经病变组)64例。选择同期于我院行健康查体者60例作为正常对照组。采用高频超声检查观察患者周围神经病变情况。结果观察组的年龄及糖尿病病程均显著大于对照组(P0.05)。两组患者胫后神经及腓总神经的D1、D2、CSA数值均明显高于正常对照组(P0.01)。观察组D1、D2、CSA数值均大于对照组。糖尿病患者腓总神经CSA与感觉传导速度、波幅呈显著负相关(P0.01);而与潜伏期及糖尿病病程呈显著正相关(P0.01)。运用高频超声检查对糖尿病患者进行周围神经病变检查,可早期发现周围神经病变部位,为DPN的早期诊断及治疗提供诊断依据。     

神经肌电图在诊断糖尿病早期周围神经病变中的应用

目的探究神经肌电图在诊断糖尿病早期周围神经病变中的应用价值。方法选取2015年1月至2017年1月在首都医科大学附属北京友谊医院接受治疗的140例不同病程(病程1年,47例;病程1~10年,55例;病程≥10年,38例)的糖尿病患者作为前瞻性研究对象,对所有患者给予神经肌电图检查,比较不同病程患者正中神经、尺神经、腓浅等运动传导速度(MCV)、感觉传导速度(SCV),并对患者尺神经f波、胫神经H反射情况进行分析。结果病程≥10年组患者腓总神经MCV异常率达到42.1%(16/38),显著高于正中神经MCV、尺神经SCV异常率,腓总神经SCV异常率达到44.7%(17/38),显著高于病程1~10年组、病程1年组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05);糖尿病患者胫神经H反射异常率显著高于尺神经f波异常率,病程≥10年组患者胫神经H反射及尺神经f波异常率分别为92.1%、21.1%,显著高于病程1~10年组、病程1年组患者,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论神经肌电图检查能够有效评估糖尿病患者早期周围神经病变,具有较高的诊断价值。     

重金属中毒所致周围神经损害的电生理研究

目的：探讨处于重金属环境中的作业工人急、慢性中毒性周围神经损害的电生理改变。方法：应用常规肌电图技术对30例重金属接触者进行肌电图(EMG)、神经传导速度(NCV)检测。结果：30例患者的电生理检查均呈周围神经损害．其中急性起病18例．以轴索损害为主；慢性蓄积性中毒12例，以脱髓鞘损害为主；电生理改变下肢较上肢明显．感觉神经传导异常重于运动神经传导。结论：电生理学检查对研究重金属中毒所致的周围神经损害提供了重要的客观依据。可作为临床诊断、鉴别诊断以及了解病损程度的动态随访指标。     

缓慢牵伸肢体延长后周围神经损害自然修复过程的电生理观察

目的 观察缓慢牵伸肢体延长后周围神经损伤的自然修复过程及结局。方法 １０只日本大耳白兔胫骨延长至４０％后再继续观察８周，测试胫后神经刺激脊髓复合感觉诱发电位（ＣＳＥＰ）潜伏期、峰值、面积的变化。结果 肢体延长造成了胫后神经明显的电生理损害，且随着延长幅度的增加而加剧。停止延长后２周，潜伏期的变化恢复约５０％。停止延长４周恢复约６５％，峰值、面积的变化亦恢复约５０％。停止延长８周，各项指标的变化均恢     

腓骨肌萎缩症1型临床与电生理分析

目的：分析腓骨肌萎缩症1型(charcot-marie-tooth disease，CMT1)患者的临床与电生理特点。方法：对1家系24人(已故2例)中7例(已故1例)CMT1患者临床特点进行总结，分析其中6例的电生理特征．包括肌电图(EMG)、运动神经传导速度(MCV)和感觉神经传导速度(SCV)。结果：4例于青少年期发病，有肢体远端肌无力和萎缩、腱反射减弱或消失、足畸形等典型的临床症状；3例EMG出现纤颤、正相电位，6例有运动电位时限延长；3例下肢SCV引不出，1例MCV引不出。结论：同一家系的CMT1型患者，临床表现亦差异较大；电生理特点为下肢神经病变重于上肢，感觉神经病变重于运动神经，且受累的严重程度不一致。     

Early detection of neurological involvement in IDDM and NIDDM. Multimodal evoked potentials versus metabolic control

Clarification of the extent and mechanisms of damage to the central nervous system in diabetes is a frontier of current neurological research. Our aim was to obtain ample electrophysiological documentation of possible neurological abnormalities in both insulin-dependent (IDDM) and non-insulin-dependent (NIDDM) diabetic patients with a short duration of disease and without overt complications, taking into account metabolic control. Group 1 comprised 11 IDDM patients, and group 2 included 14 NIDDM patients treated with diet alone; the duration of disease was less than 4 yr, and no concomitant clinical complications were present. Age- and sex-matched normal subjects formed groups 3 and 4. Pattern visual evoked potentials (VEP), brain stem auditory evoked potentials (BAEP), and somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP; after the stimulation of both median and tibial nerves) were recorded in all subjects, and metabolic control was evaluated in terms of glycemia and glycosylated hemoglobin. In group 1, significant abnormalities were found in the latency values of VEP, median SEP, and tibial SEP compared with control subjects. Similar latency abnormalities were shown in group 2 for VEP, median SEP, and tibial SEP values and for wave I latency of BAEP. Glycosylated hemoglobin values were correlated with BAEP and SEP abnormalities in many patients in both groups. Furthermore, in group 2, glycemic values correlated with SEP abnormalities. We therefore conclude that neurophysiological abnormalities are present at different levels in IDDM and NIDDM patients only a few years after clinical diagnosis and before the appearance of overt complications, and these abnormalities seem to be correlated with metabolic control status.     

Features of angina pectoris in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)

Detailed clinicofunctional examination of anginal patients with NIDDM using variation pulsometry and electrophysiological cardiac tests in 110 patients (89 females and 21 males aged 36-79 years, mean 64.3 +/- 5.2 years) has revealed that atypical cardialgia, arterial hypertension, obesity was present in 28.1, 76.4 and 85.4% of anginal patients with NIDDM. Sympathicotonia was registered in autonomic heart regulation of 83% of them. Anginal patients exhibited also suppression of sinus node automatism and sinoatrial conduction. When NIDDM is severe, pacemaker activity of the sinus node intensified suggesting development of cardial diabetic neuropathy.     

Electrophysiological findings in patients with SCA6

The major symptom of spinocerebellar ataxia type 6 (SCA6) is progressive cerebellar ataxia. MRI revealed isolated cerebellar atrophy without brainstem and cerebral involvement. Up to the present electrophysiological abnormalities in patients with SCA6 have not been intensively investigated. We performed electrophysiological examination, such as multi-modality evoked potentials, in 10 patients with SCA6. We analyzed the electrophysiological data including the results previously reported. When compared with SCA1, 2 and MJD, specific findings in electrophysiological studies are obscure in SCA6. Existence of subclinical lesions in peripheral nerves, pyramidal tract, auditory pathway, visual pathway, and sensory pathway was suggested in some cases with SCA6. It is important to consider the effect of age, because age at onset is relatively late in SCA6.     

糖调节受损患者神经电生理分析

目的 探讨糖调节受损（IGR）患者神经损害的临床和电生理特点。方法 对40例IGR患者（IGR组）、2型糖尿病患者（T2DM组）40例及30例健康对照者（对照组）进行四肢神经传导检测,对空腹血糖（FBG）、餐后2小时血糖（2 hPBG）、糖化血红蛋白（HbA1c）、血脂、运动及感觉神经传导速度等指标进行分析。结果 与对照组比较,IGR组胫神经感觉神经传导速度（NCV）减慢（P<0.05）;T2DM组各神经NCV均减慢（P<0.05）,以胫神经、腓总神经减慢显著（P<0.01）。IGR组和T2DM 组感觉神经传导异常程度重于运动神经,下肢重于上肢（P<0.05）。FBG、2 hPBG、HbA1c水平是IGR患者发生神经传导异常的独立危险因素（P<0.05）。结论 IGR患者早期神经损害在血糖轻微出现异常时已出现,电生理检查有助于早期发现临床病变,可用于IGR患者糖尿病性周围神经病变的早期筛查。     

持续性腹膜透析和血液透析对慢性肾功能衰竭多发性神经病转归的影响

目的通过电生理测试结果评估持续腹膜透析（PD）或血液透析（HD）的慢性肾功能衰竭患者周围神经病的发生率,并根据残余肾功能判断透析方式对周围神经功能的影响。方法将131例慢性肾功能衰竭患者按透析方式分为HD组（n=73）和PD组（n=58）。根据透析治疗期间肌电图的结果分别将HD组、PD组各分为MN亚组和非MN亚组。采用德国Medelec Shaphire 2MED仪对每例患者的正中神经、尺神经、腓总神经和胫神经的神经传导速度（NCV）进行电生理测定,感觉神经检测包括波幅、潜伏期和传导速度;运动神经检测则包括复合肌肉动作电位的波幅、潜伏期和传导速度。电生理检测发现至少2条神经异常结果可诊断为多发性神经病。在透析开始后的第1、6、12、18、24月检测每位患者的残余肾功能。结果 131例患者中在观察末期有78例存在感觉障碍。78例患者经肌电图检查诊断为MN者77例,其中HD组中MN患者44例（60.3%）,PD组中MN患者33例（56.9%）,2组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。透析治疗初期HD组中的MN亚组、非MN亚组,PD组中的MN亚组、非MN亚组对残余肾功能（RRF）变化进行多重比较,差异均无统计学意义（均P〉0.05）。随着透析的进行,第12、24个月2种透析组的MN亚组RRF显著下降（P〈0.05）,非MN亚组RRF比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论 MN在慢性肾衰患者中是常见的并发症,发生率与治疗方法无明显关系;PD或HD治疗不能阻止慢性肾功能衰竭患者周围神经病变的发生。残留肾功能在保护慢性肾功能衰竭患者周围神经功能方面起了重要的作用。     

Simplified electrophysiological evaluation of peripheral nerves in critically ill patients: the Italian multi-centre CRIMYNE study

Introduction

Critical illness myopathy and/or neuropathy (CRIMYNE) is frequent in intensive care unit (ICU) patients. Although complete electrophysiological tests of peripheral nerves and muscles are essential to diagnose it, they are time-consuming, precluding extensive use in daily ICU practice. We evaluated whether a simplified electrophysiological investigation of only two nerves could be used as an alternative to complete electrophysiological tests.

Methods

In this prospective, multi-centre study, 92 ICU patients were subjected to unilateral daily measurements of the action potential amplitude of the sural and peroneal nerves (compound muscle action potential [CMAP]). After the first ten days, complete electrophysiological investigations were carried out weekly until ICU discharge or death. At hospital discharge, complete neurological and electrophysiological investigations were performed.

Results

Electrophysiological signs of CRIMYNE occurred in 28 patients (30.4%, 95% confidence interval [CI] 21.9% to 40.4%). A unilateral peroneal CMAP reduction of more than two standard deviations of normal value showed the best combination of sensitivity (100%) and specificity (67%) in diagnosing CRIMYNE. All patients developed the electrophysiological signs of CRIMYNE within 13 days of ICU admission. Median time from ICU admission to CRIMYNE was six days (95% CI five to nine days). In 10 patients, the amplitude of the nerve action potential dropped progressively over a median of 3.0 days, and in 18 patients it dropped abruptly within 24 hours. Multi-organ failure occurred in 21 patients (22.8%, 95% CI 15.4% to 32.4%) and was strongly associated with CRIMYNE (odds ratio 4.58, 95% CI 1.64 to 12.81). Six patients with CRIMYNE died: three in the ICU and three after ICU discharge. Hospital mortality was similar in patients with and without CRIMYNE (21.4% and 17.2%; p = 0.771). At ICU discharge, electrophysiological signs of CRIMYNE persisted in 18 (64.3%) of 28 patients. At hospital discharge, diagnoses in the 15 survivors were critical illness myopathy (CIM) in six cases, critical illness polyneuropathy (CIP) in four, combined CIP and CIM in three, and undetermined in two.

Conclusion

A peroneal CMAP reduction below two standard deviations of normal value accurately identifies patients with CRIMYNE. These should have full neurological and neurophysiological evaluations before discharge from the acute hospital.     

Prognostic factors for the surgical management of peripheral nerve lesions

Although the evaluation and treatment of patients with peripheral nerve injuries has evolved and improved over the years, there are still some arguments on the methods and results of surgery. We reviewed retrospectively the clinical, electrophysiological and surgical characteristics of peripheral nerve lesions for 1,636 nerves in 1,565 patients who had been managed in our department in a 10-year period. The most common cause of injuries was gunshot wound in 56.3% of all patients, followed by sharp lacerations (20.6%), fractures (10.6%) and tractions (5.1%). Among 1,636 cases of nerve injuries, the most frequently wounded nerve was median nerve (32.3%), followed by ulnar (24.1%), radial (12.1%), sciatic (10.7%) and peroneal nerves (7.7%), and brachial plexus (7.7%). Simple decompression was the most preferred technique for nerve repair in 27.8%. The electrophysiological improvement was observed in 66.8%, as assessed by electromyography. Clinical improvement was found in 58.4%, as judged by muscle strength grading. If the nerve is compressed or contused, but remains intact, the improvement is satisfactory after surgery. The type of injury, its time of occurrence, initial deficit, and degree of recovery expected are important issues in establishing the treatment plan, which may range from skilled observation to extensive surgical intervention.