气球吹摆法肺功能锻炼在慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者延续性护理中的应用与效果观察

目的观察气球吹摆法肺功能锻炼在慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者延续性护理中的应用效果。方法入选2015年4月~2016年4月的慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者82例,随机分成对照组与观察组,各41例。对照组给予延续性护理,应用缩唇呼吸和腹式呼吸锻炼,观察组在应用延续性护理中结合气球吹摆法肺功能锻炼,比较两组出院后3个月的护理效果。结果出院后,观察组的肺功能指标(FEV1、FEV1/FVC)和6 min步行距离(6MWT)明显优于对照组,差异有统计学的意义(P0.05)。观察组的呼吸困难程度评分明显低于对照组,差异有统计学的意义(P0.05)。结论气球吹摆法肺功能锻炼在慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者延续性护理中的应用效果较好,可提高患者的肺功能,改善呼吸困难,值得临床推广应用。     

慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者呼吸功能训练方式的研究

目的比较缩唇呼吸、腹式呼吸与吹气球呼吸锻炼在慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者中的应用效果。方法便利选取2009年1月至2011年12月住院治疗的慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者60例,随机分为3组,A组由护士指导进行缩唇呼吸训练,B组由护士指导进行腹式呼吸训练,C组由护士指导进行吹气球呼吸训练,比较3组患者肺功能改善情况及对训练方法的接受和掌握情况。结果吹气球锻炼组患者肺活量、第1秒呼气容量、SaO2等肺功能指标均高于其他两组（P〈0．05）;3组患者训练后呼吸困难程度及训练实施情况差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,以吹气球锻炼组呼吸困难程度最轻、实施情况最好。结论吹气球呼吸功能锻炼具有患者易掌握、依从性高、减轻呼吸困难效果明显等优点,值得临床推广应用。     

气球吹摆法在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者护理中的应用

目的:探讨气球吹摆法在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者护理中的应用效果。方法:将82例COPD患者随机分为观察组和对照组各41例,两组均进行常规健康宣教和护理,在此基础上,对照组进行缩唇腹式呼吸锻炼,观察组进行气球吹摆法肺功能锻炼,于出院前1 d及出院后第6个月分别对患者肺功能、6 min步行距离(6MWT)、呼吸困难程度量表(m MRC)进行评价。结果:观察组出院后第6个月肺功能、6MWT和m MRC评分与出院前1 d各项指标比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05),与对照组出院后第6个月各项指标比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:在COPD患者护理中应用气球吹摆法,利于改善患者肺功能、运动功能和呼吸功能,效果较好。     

变更交谈方式联合缩唇腹式呼吸对COPD稳定期患者遵医行为及肺功能的影响

目的:探讨变更交谈方式联合缩唇腹式呼吸对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期患者遵医行为及肺功能的影响。方法:选取2015年9月~2016年11月我院收治COPD稳定期患者78例,按照治疗方案分组,各39例。对照组予以常规治疗,观察组在对照组基础上加用变更交谈方式联合缩唇腹式呼吸治疗。统计两组治疗后遵医行为和肺功能指标[第1s用力呼气量(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、第1s用力呼气量占用力肺活量比(FEV1/FVC)]。结果:观察组按时服药、配合治疗、定期复查、适量运动方面优于对照组,FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:给予COPD稳定期患者变更交谈方式联合缩唇腹式呼吸可提高患者遵医行为,改善患者肺功能。     

术后气球吹摆法肺功能锻炼对肺癌根治术患者的影响

目的:探讨术后气球吹摆法肺功能锻炼对肺癌根治术患者的影响。方法:将2016年2月～2018年2月收治的38例肺癌根治术患者随机分为观察组和对照组各19例,对照组围术期行常规性护理,观察组行气球吹摆法肺功能锻炼,比较两组干预前后肺功能及生活质量改善情况。结果:观察组干预后第一秒呼出气量容积(FEV1)、用力肺活量(FVC)、FEV1/FVC、6 min步行距离(6MWT)、呼吸困难程度(m MRC)评分、日常生活能力(ADL)、生活质量评分等指标与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论:术后气球吹摆法肺功能锻炼能有效提高肺癌根治术患者肺功能及日常生活能力,改善患者生活质量。     

有氧-抗阻训练联合缩唇腹式呼吸对老年COPD稳定期患者肺功能及运动耐力的影响

目的探讨有氧-抗阻训练联合缩唇腹式呼吸对老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)稳定期患者肺功能及运动耐力的影响。方法选择2017年12月至2019年2月某院128例老年COPD稳定期患者,依照入院时间不同分为研究组和对照组,各64例。对照组采用有氧-抗阻训练,研究组采用有氧-抗阻训练联合缩唇腹式呼吸训练。比较两组干预前后肺功能指标[用力肺活量(FVC)、1 s用力呼气量(FEV1)、FEV1/FVC]、6 min步行试验(6MWT)、Borg呼吸困难评分、圣乔治(SGR Q)评分变化。结果干预后研究组FEV1、FEV1/FVC高于对照组(P<0.05);干预后研究组6MWT高于对照组,Borg呼吸困难评分、SGR Q评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论有氧-抗阻训练联合缩唇腹式呼吸应用于老年COPD稳定期患者效果显著,能改善肺功能,增加运动耐力,提高生活质量。     

缩唇-腹式呼吸配合呼吸操训练在稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病病人护理中的应用

目的:观察缩唇-腹式呼吸配合呼吸操训练在稳定期慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)病人护理中的应用效果.方法:抽取医院2018年10月—2019年10月收治的80例稳定期COPD病人作为研究对象.按照双色球法将其随机分为两组,蓝色球作为对照组,红色球作为观察组,每组80例.对照组给予常规护理,观察组在常规护理的基础上加用缩唇-腹式呼吸配合呼吸操训练,均干预6个月,比较两组病人干预前后呼吸困难与运动耐力改善情况、呼吸肌肌力与肺功能及生活质量变化.结果:干预6个月后两组病人改良英国医学研究委员会呼吸困难量表(mMRC)评分、6 min步行距离均明显改善(P<0.05),且观察组优于对照组(P<0.05),呼吸肌肌力与肺功能指标及生活质量评分均优于对照组(P<0.05).结论:缩唇-腹式呼吸配合呼吸操训练可明显改善稳定期COPD病人呼吸困难症状,促进病人呼吸状态及肺功能状态改善,改善病人运动耐力及生活质量.     

呼吸训练对慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者的康复效果

目的探讨缩唇呼吸训练和缩唇-腹式呼吸训练在慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者康复治疗中的作用。方法将2007年8月至2008年4月呼吸内科出院的89例慢性阻塞性肺疾病临床缓解患者随机分为3组：A组为空白对照组,B组采用单纯缩唇呼吸训练,C组采用缩唇-腹式呼吸训练。分别检测3组患者出院时、出院4周后的呼吸频率、动脉血气分析（SaO2,PaO2,PaCO2）、肺功能（FEV1、6min步行距离、呼吸困难评分）等指标。结果A组患者出院后各项指标无明显变化;B、C组患者进行4周呼吸训练后与出院时及A组患者出院4周后比较,呼吸频率、动脉血气分析、6min步行距离、呼吸困难评分等差异均有统计学意义;B、C两组患者上述指标在训练后差异也有统计学意义。结论慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者进行呼吸训练能有效改善患者的呼吸困难及生活质量,缩唇-腹式呼吸训练较单纯缩唇呼吸训练效果更为显著。     

呼吸训练对慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者的康复效果

目的探讨缩唇呼吸训练和缩唇腹式呼吸训练在慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者康复治疗中的作用。方法将2007年8月至2008年4月呼吸内科出院的89例慢性阻塞性肺疾病临床缓解患者随机分为3组：A组为空白对照组,B组采用单纯缩唇呼吸训练,C组采用缩唇-版式呼吸圳练。分别检测3组患者出院时、出院4周后的呼吸频率、动脉血气分析（SaO2,PaO2,PaCO2）、肺功能（FEV1、6min步行距离、呼吸困难评分）等指标。结果A组患者出院后各项指标无明显变化;B、C组患者进行4周呼吸训练后与出院时及A组患者出院4周后比较,呼吸频率、动脉血气分析、6min步行距离、呼吸困难评分等差异均有统计学意义;B、C两组患者上述指标在训练后差异也有统计学意义。结论慢性阻塞性肺疾病稳定期患者进行呼吸训练能有效改善患者的呼吸困难及生活质量,缩唇-腹式呼吸训练较单纯缩唇呼吸训练效果更为显著。     

全身性呼吸体操训练对稳定期老年中重度COPD患者肺功能的影响

目的 探讨不同呼吸训练方法 对稳定期老年中、重度慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)患者肺功能的影响.方法 将60例稳定期老年中、重度COPD患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组30例.观察组采用全身性呼吸体操训练法,对照组非全身性呼吸体操训练法(缩唇腹式法).训练前后比较两组肺功能改变情况.结果 两组训练前肺功能指标相比差异无统计学意义;经督导训练6个月后,两组肺功能指标较锻炼前均有不同程度改善,观察组的各项指标优于对照组(P<0.05).结论 6个月的全身性呼吸体操训练法,在改善稳定期老年中、重度COPD患者肺功能方面较单纯缩唇腹式呼吸法的效果明显.     

Endovascular treatment for chronic pulmonary hypertension: a focus on angioplasty for chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension

Introduction: Percutaneous transluminal pulmonary angioplasty (PTPA) was introduced for the treatment of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) in the late 20^th century, and first attempts in collective patients were made in 2001 with beneficial effects but a moderate amount of complications. It was refined around 2010, and has been recently established as an effective and safe treatment.

Areas covered: The indication was originally inoperable CTEPH with peripheral lesions, but has now widened to symptomatic or hypoxic patients. The lesion is typically a meshwork-like structure of organized thrombi and is sometimes not seen as a stenosis angiographically, necessitating other means of investigation such as measurement of distal pressure. The technique to treat lesions is the same as for coronary angioplasty except in several ways.

Expert commentary: The effects of PTPA are comparable to those of surgical endarterectomy, and the complications of reperfusion pulmonary edema and vascular injury are now controlled by several strategies and based on experience.     

肺转移瘤的外科治疗

目的 :探讨肺转移性肿瘤外科治疗的手术指征、手术方式、手术疗效。方法 :对 36例肺转移性肿瘤的相关临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果 :对 36例肺转移性肿瘤行肺切除术 39次 ,随访 1年～ 15年 ,术后 1年、3年、5年、10年生存率分别为 77.8%、48.2 %、2 1.7%、7.7%。无手术死亡。结论 :对原发肿瘤已控制、肺转移瘤可以切除、无他处转移及肺功能可承受手术者作为手术指征     

Transthoracic Echocardiographic Evaluation of Pulmonary Valve Anomalies in Pediatric Patients

The pulmonary valve normally consists of 3 leaflets supported in a semilunar fashion within the sinuses of the pulmonary trunk. Pulmonary leaflet malformations, such as congenital single pulmonary cusp absence, bicuspid pulmonary valve, and quadricuspid pulmonary valve anomalies, as well as pulmonary valve commissural fusion, are seldom identified preoperatively on echocardiography. In this study, we report on 5 children with different types of pulmonary valve malformations diagnosed by transthoracic echocardiography.     

成人经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术的临床应用

目的：评价成人经皮球囊肺动脉瓣成形术（ＰＢＰＶ）临床应用的疗效。方法：采用 ＰＢＰＶ对 ３７例成人先天性肺动脉瓣狭窄患者进行治疗。结果：ＰＢＰＶ后即刻肺动脉瓣跨瓣压差（△Ｐ）由术前８１±２６ｍｍＨｇ降至３６±１７ｍｍＨｇ（Ｐ＜０．０１）,３２例随访１～９年,平均４．３±２．１年,△Ｐ进一步降为２５±７ｍｍＨｇ。术中及术后无严重并发症。结论：ＰＢＰＶ治疗成人肺动脉瓣狭窄安全、有效,即刻与中远期效果均良好。     

About mechanisms of prostaglandin E1 induced deterioration of pulmonary gas exchange in COPD patients

Summary. Prostaglandin E₁ (PGE₁) has been reported to attenuate COPD-related pulmonary hypertension and to slightly lower the arterial oxygen tension (PaO₂). In order to infer the involved mechanisms, the effects of intravenous infusion of PGE₁ on pulmonary haemodynamics, diffusing lung capacity for CO (DLCO), membrane diffusing capacity (Dm), pulmonary capillary blood volume (Vc), physiological shunt (Q_ps/Q_t), arterial blood gases and other lung functional indices were evaluated in 20 COPD patients with pulmonary hypertension and, excluding right catheterization, in 14 control subjects. The examines were studied at baseline and during infusion of 20–30 ng kg^-1min PGE₁ or placebo. In control subjects PGE₁ only caused systemic arterial pressure decrease (-17.8%). In COPD patients, as expected, PGE₁ increased cardiac index (16-2%), but decreased systemic arterial pressure (-21.2%), pulmonary arterial pressure (-27.9%), pulmonary vascular resistance (-45.4%) and PaO₂ (-10.4%), worsening their hypoxaemia. However, the effect of PGE₁ on DLCO was an increase (11.9%), due to an increase in Vc (15.2%) and less markedly in Dm (4.9%). Physiological and anatomical shunts were increased with PGE₁ (20.2% and 14.8%) and the overall ventilation/perfusion ratio decreased from 0.89 to 0.79. Decrements in PaO₂ correlated with increments in Q_ps/Q_t (r= 0.86). In conclusion, in COPD patients studied, PGE₁ increased DLCO, which compensated for the deleterious effect of increased cardiac output on alveolar-capillary gas equilibration. Therefore, worsening of hypoxaemia during PGE₁ infusion was related with increased right-to-left shunt and deterioration of ventilation-perfusion relationship.,     

Flash Pulmonary Edema in Multiple Sclerosis

Background

Neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE) occurs in the setting of an acute neurological insult and in the absence of a primary cardiopulmonary cause. No unifying theory on NPE pathogenesis exists. NPE triggered by a discrete neurological lesion is rare, but such cases offer valuable insight into NPE pathogenesis.

Objective

To describe an unusual and instructive case of NPE in multiple sclerosis.

Case Report

A young woman with multiple sclerosis presented to the Emergency Department in acute respiratory failure. She was cyanotic centrally, hypertensive, and tachycardic. The chest X-ray study suggested pulmonary edema. She required non-invasive mechanical ventilation for 12 h. Echocardiography revealed left ventricular hypokinesis. The asymmetrical pulmonary infiltrate raised the suspicion of pneumonia; she was given intravenous antibiotics. By 36 h, she had persistent dyspnea, paroxysmal tachycardia, nausea, and facial flushing; carcinoid syndrome was excluded. By 48 h, she had facial numbness and ataxia. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed a demyelinating lesion at the rostromedial medulla. Her symptoms promptly resolved with intravenous steroids, as did the perilesional edema on follow-up MRI.

Conclusion

Life-threatening pulmonary edema can complicate medullary demyelination. Lack of awareness of this diagnostic possibility and an asymmetrical pulmonary infiltrate culminated in diagnostic delay in this case. The case provides clinico-radiological evidence of the pathogenic link between medullary lesions and NPE. The pathogenesis is likely to rely on lesion involvement of the nucleus tractus solitarius or its immediate pathways. Non-uniform vasoconstriction of the pulmonary arterial bed might account for the other peculiarity of this case: the asymmetrical pulmonary infiltrate. Timely diagnosis of NPE is essential because the condition is best managed by nullifying the “neurogenic” trigger.     

Pathogenesis and clinical features of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis – Is it possible to distinguish CNPA and CCPA clinically?

BackgroundThe pathogenesis of chronic pulmonary aspergillosis (CPA) including chronic necrotizing pulmonary aspergillosis (CNPA), chronic cavitary pulmonary aspergillosis (CCPA), and simple aspergilloma (SA) has been poorly investigated. We examined all types of CPA cases with histopathological evidence to clarify the differences in pathogenesis and clinical features.MethodWe searched for cases diagnosed as pulmonary aspergillosis by histopathological examination in Nagasaki University Hospital between 1964 and September 2010. All available clinical information including radiological findings were collected and analyzed.ResultWe found 7, 5, 8, and 7 cases of proven CNPA, probable CNPA, CCPA, and SA, respectively. The radiograph of proven and probable CNPA was initially infiltrates or nodules that progress to form cavities with or without aspergilloma, whereas the radiograph of CCPA showed pre-existed cavities and peri-cavitary infiltrates with or without aspergilloma. The patients with proven and probable CNPA exhibited not only respiratory symptoms but also systemic symptoms and malnutrition. Aspergillus fumigatus was the most frequently isolated Aspergillus species (n = 14), however, Aspergillus niger was the predominant isolated species in proven CNPA cases (n = 4).ConclusionOur data indicate that the cases with chronic infiltration, progressive cavitation, and subsequent aspergilloma formation should be diagnosed as CNPA, and the cases with pre-existed cavities showing peri-cavitary infiltrates with or without aspergilloma would mean CCPA. However, it may be difficult to distinguish the two subtypes if a series of adequate radiography films are not available. We propose the term “chronic progressive pulmonary aspergillosis (CPPA)” for the clinical syndrome including both CNPA and CCPA.     

造血干细胞移植后侵袭性肺曲霉病患者12例的肺功能改变

目的观察12例造血干细胞移植(HSCT)后并发侵袭性肺曲霉病(IPA)对患者肺功能参数及动脉血气的影响。方法 2007年2月~2009年10月本院接受HSCT后并发IPA患者12例,男8例,女4例,中位年龄34岁(26~67岁)。移植前后均行肺功能测试、动脉血气分析以及影像学检查。结果中位随访时间为132 d(97~432 d),无1例发生Ⅲ、Ⅳ度急性移植物抗宿主病(GVHD)。2例在移植1年后发生慢性GVHD。12例均为病理确诊或临床诊断IPA者,移植前肺功能测定仅有弥散功能轻度减退。抗真菌治疗8周后肺功能测试发现所有患者均存在不同程度的阻塞性通气障碍,其中8例患者呈小气道病变[FEF50和FEF75分别为(55.9±3.4)%和(41.9±4.1)%],4例患者则出现混合性通气障碍,总弥散量(DLCO)也显著降低[(47.4±2.9)%预计值],动脉血氧分压(PaO2)仅为(68.7±4.1)mmHg,但弥散常数(DLCO/VA)尚正常,与移植前无显著差异(P0.05)。结论 HSCT后并发IPA可对患者的肺功能造成不同程度的损害,肺内多部位感染或反复发生IPA的患者可出现较严重的混合性通气障碍,弥散也显著减退。     

CT肺动脉造影对肺动脉栓塞的诊断价值

目的探讨CT肺动脉造影对肺动脉栓塞（PE）的诊断价值。方法20例PE患者均行CT肺动脉造影（CTPA）检查。结果Ⅰ型12例，其中4例位于左肺动脉，3例位于右肺动脉，5例左、右肺动脉及肺叶肺动脉皆有；Ⅱ型2例，其中右下叶肺动脉1例，左上叶肺动脉1例；Ⅲ型3例，其中右下叶肺动脉1例，左上叶肺动脉1例，2个以上肺叶肺动脉1例；Ⅳ型3例，均位于双下肺肺段、亚段肺动脉。左、右肺动脉、叶肺动脉、段肺动脉、亚段肺动脉栓塞率分别为77．78％、66．67％、60．00％、12．50％。结论CTPA对肺动脉栓塞有重要的诊断价值。