血管生成素-2和血管内皮生长因子在急性白血病中的表达及意义

本研究探讨血管血管生成素-2(Ang-2)和内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达及其与急性白血病(AL)血管新生的关系。应用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)测定24例AL初发未治,18例完全缓解(CR),7例未缓解,13例复发患者血清中Ang-2和VEGF的含量,并与正常对照组比较。结果表明:AL初发未治组、未缓解组、复发组患者血清Ang-2和VEGF的含量均明显高于正常对照组(p0.01);CR组患者血清Ang-2和VEGF的含量较初发未治组明显下降,但与正常对照组比较,其差异都无统计学意义(p0.05);未缓解组和复发组血清Ang-2、VEGF的含量均明显高于CR组(p0.01)。结论:Ang-2和VEGF与AL的发生、发展密切相关,VEGF可能通过上调Ang-2促进AL的血管新生及发展,阻抗Ang-2和VEGF有望成为白血病治疗新的靶点。     

人血管生成素1和血管内皮生长因子165重组腺病毒载体构建及目的基因表达

目的:拟构建人血管生成素1和血管内皮生长因子165腺病毒载体,观察靶细胞转染后目的基因的表达水平。方法:通过RT-PCR方法克隆人Ang-1全长编码基因,PCR法以pcDNA3.0-VEGF165质粒为模板扩增VEGF165基因,分别将目的基因酶切连接到带有GFP标记的pTrack-CMV质粒上,构建重组质粒pTrack-CMV-Ang-1和pTrack-CMV-VEGF165,经PCR、酶切和测序鉴定后将其PmeI线性化与腺病毒质粒pAdeasy-1共转化BJ5183细菌,获得重组腺病毒载体pAdeasy-1-pTrack-CMV-Ang-1/VEGF165,经PacI线性化后转染QBI-293A包装细胞,收获重组腺病毒Ad-Ang-1及Ad-VEGF165。结果:PCR﹑双酶切和测序鉴定结果证实成功构建pTrack-CMV-Ang-1/VEGF165重组转移质粒,PmeI线性化后重组腺病毒载体获得成功包装。脂质体转染QBI-293A细胞后光镜下可见由腺病毒引起的细胞圆缩、聚集呈菌落状的典型细胞病理性改变;荧光显微镜下可见绿色荧光蛋白的表达,且荧光强度随培养时间延长而逐渐增强;经多轮感染、扩增后,病毒效价可达(2.0～5.0)×1010pfu/mL。转染48h后,293A细胞中的血管生成素1与血管内皮生长因子含量均明显提高(F=427.93,17.93,P<0.05)。结论:成功构建并获得了Ad-Ang-1及Ad-VEGF165重组腺病毒,血管生成素1与血管内皮生长因子165均能在靶细胞中有效表达。     

线粒体融合素-2对裸鼠移植瘤Ki-67、血管内皮生长因子的影响

目的:探讨瘤内注射vivo-jetPETTM/pEGFP Mfn2复合物对裸鼠移植瘤增殖的影响.方法:质粒pEGFPMfn2的构建及检测,将MCF-7细胞异种移植到裸鼠体内,建立人乳腺癌移植瘤模型,用vivo-jetPEITM试剂制备vivo-jetPEITM/DNA复合物,实验共分为实验组、空载体对照组和空白对照组.瘤内多点注射,RT-PCR检测肿瘤组织线粒体融合素-2(Mfh2)的表达,免疫组化检测Ki-67、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的表达情况.结果:pEGFP Mfn2构建成功并测序证实,实验组的相对平均吸光度值为(1.12±0.05)高于空载体对照组的(0.16±0.05)和空白对照组(0.17±0.07)(P<0.05),Ki-67在实验组的相对平均吸光度为(0.25±0.06)高于空载体对照组的(0.11±0.02)和空白对照组(0.12±0.03)(P<0.05),而VEGF在实验组的相对平均吸光度为(0.09±0.01)低于空载体对照组的(0.14±0.08)和空白对照组的(0.13±0.03)(P<0.05).结论:vivo-jetPEITM试剂能成功将Mfn2基因转染进瘤体细胞,Mfn2基因对人乳腺癌裸鼠移植成瘤后的Ki-67和VEGF有影响.     

人血管生成素-1和血管内皮生长因子VEGF_(165)腺病毒载体构建

目的:克隆人血管内皮生长因子(vascularendothelialgrowthfactor165,VEGF165)和血管生成素-1(angiopoietin-1)的全长编码基因,构建表达该基因的复制缺陷型腺病毒载体Ad-Ang1和Ad-VEGF165。方法:通过RT-PCR方法克隆人VEGF165和Ang1全长编码基因。Ad-VEGF165和Ad-Ang1通过同源重组方法构建。将Ad-VEGF165和/或Ad-Ang1转染大鼠胚胎心脏成肌细胞(H9C2)24h后,Westernblot方法分析VEGF165和Ang1蛋白表达量;核酸电泳分析细胞基因组降解检测凋亡水平。结果:测序显示VEGF165序列与基因库序列相同;Ang1序列与基因库序列存在一个碱基的差异,但编码氨基酸无改变。VEGF165和Ang1蛋白表达分别为对照组的11.65倍和3.53倍。Ad-VEGF165和/或Ad-Ang1转染后的H9C2细胞对过氧化氢诱导的细胞凋亡具有明显的抵抗能力。结论:所构建的Ad-Ang1和Ad-VEGF165能有效转染心脏成肌细胞,表达出功能性目的蛋白,具有抗细胞凋亡作用。     

血管内皮生长因子和促血管生成素2对甲状腺乳头状癌及颈部淋巴结转移的诊断价值

目的 探讨甲状腺乳头状癌(PTC)组织标本中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)和促血管生成素2(Ang-2)对PTC诊断及其并发颈部淋巴结转移的临床价值.方法 选取经病理确诊的PTC患者86例(未合并颈部淋巴结转移的PTC患者病例41例和已并发颈部淋巴结转移的PTC患者病例45例).采用免疫组织化学染色法Max Vision...     

巨噬细胞移动抑制因子、血管生成素-2、血管内皮生长因子在子宫内膜异位症中的意义

目的观察巨噬细胞移动抑制因子(MMIF)、血管生成素-2(Ang-2)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在子宫内膜异位症(EMs)检测中的临床意义。方法选取2011年1月至2014年6月经病理确诊的EMs患者98例,为异位内膜组。按照美国生殖协会分期标准(R-AFS)分期分为Ⅰ期26例、Ⅱ期29例、Ⅲ期22例和Ⅳ期21例;按照痛经评分0~1分57例和2~3分42例。选择同期确诊的良性肿瘤患者30例为在位内膜组。同时选择同期体检的健康妇女30例,为健康对照组。观察各组血清MMIF、VEGF和Ang-2水平,以及MMIF、VEGF和Ang-2水平与EMs分期和痛经评分的关系。结果异位内膜组和在位内膜组的MMIF、VEGF和Ang-2水平明显高于正常对照组(P0.01),而异位内膜组的MMIF、VEGF和Ang-2水平明显高于在位内膜组(P0.01)。EMs患者的MMIF、VEGF和Ang-2水平随着r-AFS分期级别和痛经评分的升高而升高(P0.05或P0.01)。结论 MMIF、VEGF和Ang-2参与了EMs的发生和发展,有望成为EMs诊断和靶向治疗提供新的思路。     

果王素对肺腺癌小鼠移植瘤生长的抑制作用

目的观察果王素对肺腺癌小鼠移植瘤生长的抑制作用,并探讨其作用机制。方法接种Lewis肺腺癌细胞构建肺腺癌小鼠移植瘤模型,将40只接种Lewis肺腺癌细胞的C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为对照组(予0.9%氯化钠注射液)、果王素组(予果王素180 mg/kg)、化疗组(予顺铂联合吉西他滨)、低剂量果王素并化疗组(予果王素60 mg/kg联合顺铂、吉西他滨)、高剂量果王素并化疗组(予果王素180 mg/kg联合顺铂、吉西他滨),每组各8只。肿瘤细胞接种4 d成瘤后予相应的药物干预,接种20 d后处死小鼠,剥离皮下肿瘤。应用免疫组织化学法检测移植瘤组织中血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)、Survivin和B细胞淋巴瘤/白血病-2(Bcl-2)的表达水平。结果各药物干预组肿瘤的生长均受到抑制,果王素组、化疗组、低剂量果王素并化疗组、高剂量果王素并化疗组抑瘤率分别为14.95%、41.77%、44.21%、59.68%,组间比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。各药物干预组VEGF、Survivin、Bcl-2表达均较对照组低,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05,P0.01)。结论果王素能抑制小鼠Lewis肺腺癌的生长,且果王素与顺铂、吉西他滨联用的抗肿瘤作用更明显,可能是通过抑制微血管形成及Survivin、Bcl-2表达发挥作用。     

人血管生成素—1和血管内皮生长因子VEGF165腺病毒载体构建

目的：克隆人血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor 165,VEGF165)和血管生成素－1（angiopoietin-1)的全长编码基因，构建表达该基因的复制缺陷型腺病毒载体Ad-Ang1和Ad-VEGF165。方法：通过RT－PCR方法克隆人VEGF165和Ang1全长编码基因。Ad-VEGF165和Ad-Ang1通过同源重组方法构建。将Ad-VEGF165和／或Ad-Ang1转染大鼠胚胎心脏成肌细胞（H9C2）24h后，Western blot/方法分析VEGF165和Ang1蛋白表达量；核酸电泳分析细胞基因组降解检测凋亡水平。结果：测序显示VEGF165序列与基因库序列相同；Ang1序列与基因库序列存在一个碱基的差异，但编码氨基酸无改变。VEGF165和Ang1蛋白表达分别为对照组的11.65倍和3．53倍。Ad-VEGF165和／或Ad-Ang1转染后的H9C2细胞对过氧化氢诱导的细胞凋亡具有明显的抵抗能力。结论：所构建的Ad-Ang1和Ad-VEGF165能有效转染心脏成肌细胞，表达出功能性目的蛋白，具有抗细胞凋亡作用。     

非小细胞肺癌组织促血管生成素-2及缺氧诱导因子-2α和血管内皮生长因子的表达及其临床意义

目的探讨促血管生成素-2(Ang-2)、缺氧诱导因子-2α(HIF-2α)及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)在非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)组织中的表达及临床意义。方法采用免疫组织化学方法测定59例NSCLC和14例肺部良性病变病理切片中Ang-2、HIF-2α和VEGF的表达并计数微血管密度(MVD),分析其与患者的性别、年龄、病理类型、临床分期、分化程度、肿瘤大小、淋巴结转移情况等临床病理参数的关系。结果 NCCLS组织中,Ang-2、HIF-2α和VEGF的表达率分别为52.5%、71.2%和76.3%,明显高于肺部良性病变组织(P<0.01),且三者两两之间在P=0.01水平上呈明显正相关,Ang-2与VEGF阳性表达组MVD明显高于阴性表达组(P=0.028,P=0.001),且在Ⅲ期NSCLC组织中,Ang-2和VEGF的阳性表达率高于Ⅰ期和Ⅱ期(P<0.05),HIF-2α和VEGF的阳性表达率淋巴结转移阳性组较阴性组高(P<0.05)。结论 Ang-2、HIF-2α和VEGF在NSCLC中均有高表达且与肺癌的新生血管形成有关,并可能影响NSCLC的生物学行为。     

体外构建血管内皮生长因子短发夹状RNA表达载体及其对人骨肉瘤细胞相应因子mRNA及蛋白的抑制

目的：设计并构建血管内皮生长因子短发夹状RNA表达载体，检测其对人骨肉瘤细胞血管内皮生长因子mRNA及蛋白表达的影响。方法：实验于2006—01／07在青岛市市立医院试验中心完成。人骨肉瘤细胞系MG-63购自武汉大学生命科学院；pSilence2．1-neo载体带有U6启动子和neo基因（Ambin公司）。①以人血管内皮生长因子的mRNA序列5’-GAT AAC GCG GAT ACC TTG G-3’为靶点，体外构建血管内皮生长因子短发夹状RNA表达载体pSilence2．1-neo-VEGF。②人骨肉瘤细胞MG-63常规培养，消化传代后分为3组：短发夹状RNA载体组转染pSilence2，1-neo-VEGF载体，空载体组转染pSilence2．1-neo载体，空白组无特殊处理。③转染后48h收集各组细胞，采用RT—PCR检测血管内皮生长因子mRNA的表达，免疫组化法检测血管内皮生长因子蛋白的表达。结果：①各组细胞血管内皮生长因子mRNA的表达情况：短发夹状RNA载体组VEGF165 mRNA的相对含量显著低于空白组、空载体组（0．181&;#177;0.010，1．064&;#177;0.019，1．052&;#177;0.036，P〈0．01），而空白组和空载体组之间差异无显著性意义。②各组细胞血管内皮生长因子蛋白的表达：空白组、空载体组多数细胞中出现明显的棕黄色颗粒状细胞质着色，而短发夹状RNA载体组细胞着色较淡。短发夹状RNA载体组的阳性细胞率显著低于空白组、空载体组[（20．12&;#177;2．63）％，（92．45&;#177;7．56）％，（91．76&;#177;5．26）％，P〈0．011，而空白组和空载体组之间差异无显著性意义。结论：pSilence2．1-neo—VEGF可显著抑制人骨肉瘤细胞MG-63血管内皮生长因子mRNA及蛋白的表达，为靶向血管的骨肉瘤基因治疗提供了参考依据。     

血管内皮生长因子与促血管生成素1对大鼠血管内皮细胞的作用

背景：血管内皮生长因子、促血管生成素1是血管形成过程中始动并且使之持续的重要因子,研究其对血管内皮细胞的作用具有重要的意义。目的：观察血管内皮生长因子与促血管生成素1对培养血管内皮细胞迁移与增殖能力的影响,并探讨其在血管生成方面的作用机制。方法：在大鼠脐静脉内皮细胞内单独或联合加入血管内皮生长因子、促血管生成素1后,划痕实验和MTT检测对细胞迁移与增殖的影响,观察内皮细胞形态、活性、迁移能力。结果与结论：划痕实验显示单独血管内皮生长因子作用时,与空白对照组细胞迁移无明显差异,单独促血管生成素1作用时,不仅不能增加细胞的迁移作用,反较空白对照组有所减弱,当血管内皮生长因子与促血管生成素1联合作用时,细胞迁移较空白对照组明显增强;MTT实验结果表明：单纯加入血管内皮生长因子或促血管生成素1,均不能起到有效促进内皮细胞增殖的作用;联合应用血管内皮生长因子及促血管生成素1可有效促进增殖。结果可见当血管内皮生长因子与促血管生成素1联合应用时,才能有效促内皮细胞迁移与增殖,发挥促血管生成作用。     

血管内皮生长因子与促血管生成素1对大鼠血管内皮细胞的作用

背景:血管内皮生长因子、促血管生成素1是血管形成过程中始动并且使之持续的重要因子,研究其对血管内皮细胞的作用具有重要的意义.目的:观察血管内皮生长因子与促血管生成素1对培养血管内皮细胞迁移与增殖能力的影响,并探讨其在血管生成方面的作用机制.方法:在大鼠脐静脉内皮细胞内单独或联合加入血管内皮生长因子、促血管生成素1后,划痕实验和MTT检测对细胞迁移与增殖的影响,观察内皮细胞形态、活性、迁移能力.结果与结论:划痕实验显示单独血管内皮生长因子作用时,与空白对照组细胞迁移无明显差异,单独促血管生成素1作用时,不仅不能增加细胞的迁移作用,反较空白对照组有所减弱,当血管内皮生长因子与促血管生成素1联合作用时,细胞迁移较空白对照组明显增强;MTT实验结果表明:单纯加入血管内皮生长因子或促血管生成素1,均不能起到有效促进内皮细胞增殖的作用;联合应用血管内皮生长因子及促血管生成素1可有效促进增殖.结果可见当血管内皮生长因子与促血管生成素1联合应用时,才能有效促内皮细胞迁移与增殖,发挥促血管生成作用.     

Role of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 1 and vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 in the vasodilator response to vascular endothelial growth factor in the neonatal piglet lung

OBJECTIVE: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) regulates vascular proliferation and causes vasodilation. In the pulmonary circulation, the vasorelaxing effect of VEGF has been attributed to nitric oxide, whereas in other vascular beds, prostacyclin and other mechanisms are also involved. This vascular effect follows binding to two receptors, VEGF receptor 1 (VEGFR1) and VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR2), the latter of which is thought to be the main receptor responsible for the vasorelaxing effect of VEGF. The role of VEGFR1 in the neonatal pulmonary vasculature remains to be determined. DESIGN: Prospective randomized laboratory investigation. SETTING: Animal laboratory. SUBJECTS: Newborn Yorkshire-Landrace piglets. INTERVENTIONS: To determine the mechanisms of action of VEGF in the neonatal pulmonary vasculature, the effect of VEGF (10-10 M) was tested in isolated perfused piglet lungs, alone and in the presence of a VEGFR2 kinase inhibitor, N-nitro-l-arginine (L-NNA), indomethacin (Indo), L-NNA + Indo, and GF109203X, a protein kinase C inhibitor. The effect of a VEGFR1 agonist, placenta growth factor (PlGF), was also studied with or without L-NNA. Perfusate was collected, and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), as well as 6-keto prostaglandin F1alpha and thromboxane B2, the stable metabolites of prostacyclin and thromboxane, respectively, was measured. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: VEGF caused vasorelaxation with a concomitant increase in cGMP. PlGF also decreased vascular tone and increased cGMP. VEGFR2 kinase inhibitor did not prevent the reduction in perfusion pressure seen with VEGF but blocked the increase in cGMP. Pretreatment with L-NNA completely inhibited VEGF and PlGF vasodilation and prevented the increase in cGMP seen with both agonists. Pretreatment with Indo or GF109203X did not reduce the dilator response to VEGF. CONCLUSIONS: VEGF vasodilation may follow nitric oxide release in the piglet pulmonary circulation. VEGF vasorelaxation may not only occur through binding to VEGFR2, since PlGF, the specific VEGFR1 agonist, also causes vasodilation. Therefore, vasodilator response to VEGF may involve both types of receptor in the neonatal piglet pulmonary vasculature.     

Suppression of lymphangiogenesis by soluble vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 in a mouse lung cancer model

The vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family has a key role in the formation of blood vessels and lymphatics. Among the members of this family, VEGF-C is one of the most important factors involved in lymphangiogenesis via binding with two receptors (vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 and -3: VEGFR-2 and VEGFR-3). Soluble VEGFR-2 (sVEGFR-2) has a role in maintaining the alymphatic state of the cornea associated with binding to VEGF-C, and selectively inhibits lymphangiogenesis but not angiogenesis. In this study, we introduced sVEGFR-2 into lung cancer cells and evaluated the influence on tumor progression and on genes regulating lymphatic formation and metastasis in vivo. A retroviral vector was used to introduce the sVEGFR-2 gene into Lewis lung carcinoma cells (LLC), which were designated as LLC-sVEGFR-2 cells. Proteins secreted into the culture supernatant by these cells were detected by western blotting using specific antibodies. To examine lymphangiogenesis by primary lung cancer in vivo, LLC-sVEGFR-2 cells were subcutaneously injected into C57BL/6 mice. At 14 days after injection, immunohistochemistry was performed using an antibody directed against lymphatic vessel endothelial hyaluronan receptor 1 (LYVE-1), a marker of lymphatics. Expression of mRNA for VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3 and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) was also determined by real-time PCR. Furthermore, LLC-sVEGFR-2 cells were directly inoculated into the left lung in C57BL/6 mice and the number of micro-metastases in pulmonary lymph nodes was determined. Introduction of sVEGFR-2 into LLC cells resulted in secretion of sVEGFR-2 protein into the culture supernatant. There were fewer LYVE-1 positive lymphatics after inoculation of LLC-sVEGFR-2 into mice compared with the control group. In addition, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, and MMPs gene expression was suppressed in the primary tumors of the LLC-sVEGFR-2 group compared with the control group. Furthermore, there were fewer micro-metastases in the pulmonary lymph nodes of the LLC-sVEGFR-2 group compared with the control group after cells were directly inoculated into the lung. These findings indicate that introduction of sVEGFR-2 suppressed lymphangiogenesis in primary lung cancer and also suppressed lymphogenic metastasis by inhibiting VEGF-C, followed by down-regulation of VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3 and MMPs. Accordingly, sVEGFR-2 might be a promising target for treatment of cancer by regulating lymphangiogenesis and lymphogenic metastasis.     

肺癌基因治疗新思路:肺癌细胞血管内皮生长因子表达的抑制

目的:探讨硫修饰和脂质体包裹的反义寡核苷酸(ASODN)抑制Lewis肺癌细胞血管内皮生长因子(vascularendothelialgrowthfactor,VEGF)基因表达的效应,减少肺切除导致的呼吸功能衰竭发生的可能性。方法:将经脂质体包裹并部分硫代修饰后的VEGFASODN,正义寡核苷酸(SODN),错义寡核苷酸(MODN)加入培养的Lewis肺癌细胞中,采用免疫组织化学SP法及RT-PCR技术检测肺癌细胞中VEGF蛋白及VEGFmRNA表达,同时测定各上清液刺激血管内皮细胞生长的受抑情况。结果:VEGFASODN能明显抑制Lewis肺癌细胞VEGF蛋白及VEGFm-RNA的表达,而且可以通过抑制VEGF的表达抑制内皮细胞的生长,并对内皮细胞的抑制作用存在浓度依赖性,5,10,20μmol/L浓度组的内皮细胞生长抑制率分别约为13.77%,48.85%,76.29%。VEGFSODN和VEGFMODN却无此作用。结论:VEGFASODN抑制肺癌细胞表达VEGF,进而抑制内皮细胞生长,可以成为肺癌基因治疗的一种新的策略。     

血管内皮生长因子及环氧合酶-2在子宫内膜腺癌中表达及意义

目的探讨血管内皮生长因子（vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF）和环氧合酶-2（cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2）在子宫内膜腺癌中表达及临床意义。方法萎缩性正常子宫内膜患者12例（对照组）,子宫内膜增生症患者14例（子宫内膜增生组）,子宫内膜腺癌患者30例（子宫内膜腺癌组）,3组均手术切除子宫内膜组织标本,采用RT-PCR法检测子宫内膜组织COX-2及VEGF mRNA相对表达量。结果子宫内膜腺癌组、子宫内膜增生组、对照组中COX-2mRNA相对表达量分别为（133.58±56.96）%、（56.68±41.75）%、（8.33±5.21）%,VEGF mRNA相对表达量分别为（143.28±59.86）%、（57.33±46.78）%、（15.31±10.86）%,各组间COX-2mRNA及VEGF mRNA相对表达量比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）;子宫内膜腺癌组COX-2表达与VEGF表达呈正相关（r=0.289,P=0.014）。结论COX-2及VEGF在子宫内膜腺癌中均呈高表达,其作为肿瘤恶化程度标记物可为临床诊疗工作提供参考依据。     

血管内皮生长因子在胃腺癌中的表达及意义

目的　探讨血管内皮生长因子 (VEGF)在判断胃腺癌转移和预后中的作用。方法　应用免疫组织化学S P法检测 76例胃腺癌组织和 10例正常胃组织中VEGF的表达水平 ,比较VEGF的不同表达率与生存率的关系及其与肿瘤特征的相关性。结果　胃腺癌组织中VEGF阳性表达率为 72 .4 % ,较正常组织显著增高 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,与Borrmann分型、浸润深度、肿块大小、淋巴结转移程度比较相关显著 (P <0 .0 5 ) ,与分化程度相关不显著 (P >0 .0 5 ) ,VEGF阳性表达者的生存时间较阴性者短 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　VEGF与血管发生密切相关 ,可作为判断胃腺癌转移和预后的重要指标。     

血管内皮生长因子及血管内皮生长因子受体-2在肾脏疾病中的研究新进展

血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)是一种内皮细胞的特殊生长因子,可以促进内皮细胞的增生、分化和生存,还可以提高血管的通透性,促进血管的形成。血管内皮生长因子受体-2(VEGFR-2),是VEGF的特异性受体,VEGF/VEGFR-2信号系统的激活是刺激血管内皮细胞的主要机制。本文首先对VEGF及VEGFR进行概述,其次介绍VEGF/VEGFR-2肾脏的旁分泌和自分泌机制。最后,对VEGF/VEGFR-2在各种肾脏疾病中的表达及其作用以及靶向VEGF/VEGFR-2信号通路对新药的研发和临床应用进行综述。     

Plasma vascular endothelial growth factor, angiopoietin-1, and angiopoietin-2 in diabetes: implications for cardiovascular risk and effects of multifactorial intervention

OBJECTIVE: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin (Ang)-1 and Ang-2 are mediators of angiogenesis. More recent data suggest that the balance between these growth factors may affect vascular endothelial integrity. Because diabetes is closely associated with endothelial perturbation, we studied plasma levels of these angiogenic growth factors in patients with diabetes; their relationship with glycemia, inflammation, and endothelial damage/dysfunction; and the effect of intensified cardiovascular risk management. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We measured plasma VEGF, Ang-1, and Ang-2 alongside plasma von Willebrand factor (vWf) and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (marking endothelial damage/dysfunction) and interleukin (IL)-6 in 94 patients (38 with overt cardiovascular disease [CVD]) with diabetes and 34 normal control subjects. RESULTS: Plasma vWf (P=0.009), IL-6 (P <0.001), VEGF (P=0.001), and Ang-2 (P=0.001), but not Ang-1 (P=0.635), were higher in diabetic patients with and without CVD than in control subjects. On multivariate analysis, HbA1c was an independent predictor of plasma VEGF (P=0.032) and Ang-2 (P=0.015). Of the 94 patients, a subgroup of 33 patients with and 31 patients without CVD participated in a year of intensified cardiovascular risk management. HbA1c and LDL cholesterol reduced significantly with treatment, along with associated reductions in plasma vWf and VEGF in both groups (P <0.001). Ang-2 decreased (P <0.001) only in patients without CVD. There were no significant changes in plasma IL-6 levels in both groups. CONCLUSIONS: Plasma Ang-2 (but not Ang-1), like VEGF levels, are selectively elevated in patients with diabetes and are associated with indexes of endothelial damage/dysfunction, regardless of vascular disease. Intensive multifactorial intervention is associated with reductions in plasma VEGF, vWf, and (in patients without CVD) Ang-2 levels, possibly reflecting an improved vascular profile with treatment.     

LPS-induced vascular endothelial growth factor expression in rat lung pericytes

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic and vascular permeability factor. Recent studies have shown that the VEGF levels increase in several cell types, for example, macrophages and smooth muscle cells after LPS stimulation, suggesting that it is important in the initiation and development of sepsis. In particular, LPS-regulated contractility in lung pericytes may play an important role in mediating pulmonary microvascular fluid hemodynamics during sepsis. This study investigated the production of VEGF by rat lung pericytes in response to LPS. LPS was found to enhance VEGF mRNA expression in a concentration-dependent manner peaking 2 h after stimulation in pericytes. Vascular endothelial growth factor protein levels in conditioned medium and in cell lysate also increased on increasing LPS and peaked after 24 to 48 h. LPS also significantly augmented iNOS expression in lung pericytes within 6 h. However, iNOS mRNA induction occurred later than LPS-induced VEGF mRNA increases. Interestingly, attempted inhibition with nuclear factor-kappaB or tyrosine kinase did not suppress LPS-induced augmented VEGF mRNA expression in lung pericytes, although both inhibitors markedly inhibited LPS-induced iNOS mRNA expression. SB203580, a p38 MAP kinase inhibitor, repressed LPS-induced VEGF mRNA expression. Furthermore, LPS stimulated a rapid and sustained phosphorylation of p38 MAP kinase. These results show that pericytes produce VEGF in response to LPS stimulation, and that this may be partly mediated by the p38 MAP kinase pathway. More research should be done to establish the regulation of capillary hemodynamics and identify mechanisms of their regulation.