Weight-Bearing Hip Rotation Range of Motion in Female Golfers

Background

Many sports involve movements during which the lower extremity functions as a closed kinetic chain, requiring weight-bearing (WB) range of motion (ROM). Assessment of the capacity for internal and external rotation motion at the hip is typically performed with the individual in a prone, supine, or seated position. Such measurements represent ROM in a non-weight bearing (NWB) position, and, as a result, may not appropriately assess the capacity of the joint to meet the demands of the athlete''s sport. To date, no research exists which documents WB hip ROM in golfers relative to the ROM demands of the golf swing or the symmetry of weight-bearing hip rotation ROM in female golfers.

Objectives

Weight-bearing hip rotation ROM was measured in female golfers and compared to the actual hip rotation ROM that occurred during a full golf swing.

Methods

Fifteen right-handed, female collegiate golfers participated in the study. The WB hip rotation ROM was measured during three different stance conditions and during full golf swings using a custom-built testing device. These actions were captured using a 3-D motion analysis system.

Results

The golfers WB ROM was symmetrical for external rotation and internal rotation, p = 0.648 and p = 0.078, respectively. During the backswing, the golfers used approximately 20-25% of their available WB right internal rotation, and 50-75% of their available WB left external rotation. For the downswing, the golfers used approximately 34-37% of their available WB right external rotation and 84-131% of their available WB left internal rotation. The golfers used significantly more external and internal hip rotation ROM on the left (lead) hip during both phases of the full golf swing (p < 0.001), demonstrating an asymmetrical movement pattern.

Discussion

In general, golfers did not exceed the measured WB ROM limits during the golf swing but did demonstrate decreased WB internal rotation on the lead hip.

Conclusion

Clinicians need to pay special attention to functional (WB) hip rotation ROM in female golfers in order to assess injury risk related to the rotational hip asymmetry present during the golf swing.     

The Immediate Effects of Foam Rolling and Stretching on Iliotibial Band Stiffness: A Randomized Controlled Trial

BackgroundIliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS) is a common clinical condition likely caused by abnormal compressive forces to the iliotibial band (ITB). Stretching interventions are common in ITBS treatment and may predominantly affect tensor fascia latae (TFL). Another ITBS treatment is foam rolling, which may more directly affect the ITB. Shear wave ultrasound elastography (SWUE) measures real-time soft tissue stiffness, allowing tissue changes to be measured and compared.PurposeTo examine effects of foam rolling and iliotibial complex stretching on ITB stiffness at 0˚ and 10˚ of hip adduction and hip adduction passive range of motion (PROM).Study DesignRandomized controlled trial.MethodsData from 11 males (age = 30.5 ± 9.0 years, Body Mass Index (BMI) = 27.8 ± 4.0) and 19 females (age = 23.5 ± 4.9, BMI = 23.2 ± 2.1) were analyzed for this study. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of three groups: control, stretching, and foam rolling. Shear wave ultrasound elastography measurements included ITB Young’s modulus at the mid-thigh, the distal femur and the TFL muscle belly. ITB-to-femur depth was measured at mid-thigh level. Hip adduction PROM was measured from digital images taken during the movement.ResultsNo significant interactions or main effects were found for group or time differences in ITB Young’s modulus at the three measured locations. The ITB stiffness at the mid-thigh and distal femur increased with 10° adduction, but TFL stiffness did not increase. A main effect for adduction PROM was observed, where PROM increased 0.8˚ post-treatment (p = 0.02).ConclusionA single episode of stretching and foam rolling does not affect short-term ITB stiffness. The lack of ITB stiffness changes may be from an inadequate intervention stimulus or indicate that the interventions have no impact on ITB stiffness.Levels of Evidence1b     

持续被动运动器对全髋关节置换术后患肢髋关节活动的恢复效果及康复指导

目的观察持续被动运动器(continuouspassivemotionapparatus,CPM)对全髋关节置换术后患肢关节活动度的影响。方法将65例全髋关节置换术后患者随机分成两组:一组进行常规康复疗法(对照组),另一组应用常规康复疗法+CPM进行康复治疗(CPM组)。进行6至12个月的随访,测量术后8、10、12周的患肢髋关节活动度。结果两组术后8、10和12周的髋关节活动度逐步改善,但CPM组较对照组的术后8、10和12周的髋关节活动度改善更为明显(P<0.05)。结论应用常规康复疗法和常规康复疗法+CPM均可有效地改善患者患肢的髋关节活动度,但常规康复疗法+CPM的疗效更好,同时应加强康复指导。     

Increasing Knee Range of Motion Using a Unique Sustained Method

In order for functional and sport specific activities to occur, knee flexion and extension range of motion (ROM) is necessary. Loss of full ROM at the knee joint can be detrimental to the function of the lower extremity and treatment is needed to regain full function of ROM. Research supports the use of the sustained force to increase knee ROM. This article presents a unique method of attaining sustained force. The technique is cost effective, involves equipment already available in most physical therapy clinics, conserves time, and provides consistent force overtime without causing the therapist fatigue.

Discussion

Despite the fact clinical research has been performed, a poor appreciation exists for the appropriate clinical use of sports massage.

Conclusion

Additional studies examining the physiological and psychological effects of sports massage are necessary in order to assist the sports physical therapist in developing and implementing clinically significant evidence based programs or treatments.     

髋部急性化脓性炎症的B超诊断价值

本文报告４０例髋部疼痛、肿胀伴高热患者的髋部Ｂ超检查结果，Ｂ超诊断髋关节积液２０例，其中急性化脓性关节炎１６例，股骨上段急性骨髓炎８例；髂骨急性骨髓炎２例；臀部和大腿上段软组织脓肿１２例；髂窝脓肿２例，４０例Ｂ超发现均经定位穿刺证实，诊断准确率为１００％。结果表明，Ｂ超检查不仅能确定病变部位，明确诊断而且能监视指导穿刺，对医生选择手术方式、手术入路及指导手术操作有重要价值。     

老年男性全髋关节置换术后尿管拔出时间的比较研究

目的比较老年男性全髋关节置换术后患者不同时间拔除尿管所产生并发症的情况,寻求和选择术后尿管拔除的有利时机。方法选取2013年5月一8月60例需行全髋关节置换术的老年男性患者,随机分为试验组和对照组,每组各30例,试验组患者术后24h内拔除尿管;对照组术后24h后拔除尿管。所有患者均在术前2h内行清洁导尿,安置双腔气囊导尿管。详细记录患者的留置尿管时间、首次自行排尿时间、拔管后排尿情况及并发症情况并比较。结果试验组在尿潴留、尿道疼痛、膀胱痉挛和膀胱刺激征发生率方面低于对照组（P〈0．05）,而在拔管后首次排尿时间方面,试验组与对照组患者差异无统计学意义（P=O．488）。结论术后24h内拔除尿管能有效降低尿潴留、尿道疼痛、膀胱痉挛和膀胱刺激征的发生率,利于早期术后康复。     

Association Between Passive Hip Range of Motion and Pitching Kinematics in High School Baseball Pitchers

BackgroundLimitations in passive hip range of motion (PROM) may negatively affect pitching mechanics in baseball pitchers. Understanding the relationships between PROM and mechanics can assist in the development of injury prevention protocols.PurposeThe purpose of this study was to examine the association of hip rotational PROM with pelvis and trunk rotation during pitching in high school baseball pitchers. Study Design: Cross-sectional.MethodsTwenty-five healthy high school baseball pitchers volunteered (15.9 ± 1.1 years; 180.4 ± 5.5 cm; 75.4 ± 9.3 kg). Seated passive hip internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) PROM were measured using a digital inclinometer. Total PROM was calculated (IR+ER). Pitching biomechanical data were collected with a 3-dimensional electromagnetic tracking system while pitchers threw fastballs. Simple linear regressions were performed to examine the association between hip IR, ER, and total PROM with pitching kinematics at foot contact including stride length, pelvis rotation, and trunk rotation.ResultsOnly one significant association in PROM and kinematics was observed. Drive leg hip IR PROM was associated with trunk rotation angle [F(1,24) = 4.936, p = 0.036], with an R² = 0.177. Drive leg total PROM was not associated trunk rotation angle [F(1,24) = 4.144, p = 0.053] with an R² = 0.153.ConclusionsIncreased drive leg hip IR PROM was associated with decreased trunk rotation towards home plate. Hip total PROM and ER were not related to pitching mechanics.Level of Evidence2     

儿童急性髋关节一过性滑膜炎临床分期及疗效评价

目的探讨儿童急性髋关节一过性滑膜炎（transient synovitis of the hip,TSH）的临床分期及疗效评价。方法回顾分析2002年1月-2009年12月收治的1021例单侧急性TSH患儿,其中男804例,女217例;年龄2412岁。根据病程、临床症状和体征、影像学检查进行临床分期,共分为Ⅰ～Ⅳ4期。其中I期199例,Ⅱ期334例,Ⅲ期467例,Ⅳ期21例。根据不同的临床分期,采用制动、牵引、局部理疗及药物等方法进行治疗。结果1021例获随访6个月--8年。治疗后1002例患儿的临床症状和体征消失,髋关节功能完全恢复正常,无并发症。15例反复发作者根据不同的临床分期进行相应的治疗。4例发展为Perthes病者行手术治疗。结论TSH临床分期有助于对病情正确判断,指导临床治疗,促进髋关节功能恢复。及时恰当治疗可避免病程迁延、恶化,改善预后。     

大鼠脑梗死后急性期肾上腺皮质功能改变及地塞米松的干预作用

目的：探讨大鼠脑梗死后急性期肾上腺皮质功能的改变以及地塞米松的干预作用。方法健康雄性SD大鼠60只,随机分为假手术组（对照组）、模型加生理盐水组（安慰剂组）和模型加地塞米松组（治疗组）,每组20只。采用改进的线栓法建立大鼠脑缺血模型。治疗组应用小剂量地塞米松（0.8 mg/kg）替代治疗。各组分别于脑损伤后第3、12、24、72 h 4个时间点进行观察。给予小剂量促肾上腺皮质激素（ACTH）行刺激试验,应用ELISA法测定血清皮质酮（CORT）和ACTH含量。结果安慰剂组大鼠脑损伤后3 h外周血CORT和ACTH均明显高于对照组（P＜0.01）,随后逐渐降低,72 h又有升高趋势;各时间点ACTH刺激后CORT上升值均低于对照组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。治疗组伤后所有时间点CORT均高于安慰剂组（P＜0.01或P＜0.05）,ACTH仅24 h高于安慰剂组（P＜0.05）;各时间点ACTH刺激后CORT上升值均高于安慰剂组（P＜0.05或P＜0.01）。结论大鼠脑梗死急性期即存在肾上腺皮质功能不全,随着时间推移,肾上腺储备功能下降,对ACTH反应程度降低。小剂量短疗程肾上腺糖皮质激素可增强肾上腺皮质对ACTH刺激的敏感性。     

Changes in the Range of Motion of the Hip Joint and the Muscle Activity of the Rectus Femoris and Biceps Femoris of Stroke Patients during Obstacles Crossing on the Ground and Underwater

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine range of motion (ROM) and the muscle activity of stroke patients during obstacle task on the ground and underwater. [Subjects] The subjects of this study were seven stroke patients in a hospital located in Daejeon, South Korea. [Methods] The measurements in this study were conducted in an exercise therapy room and a pool dedicated to underwater exercise (water temperature 33.5 °C, air temperature 27 °C) in the hospital building. The pool’s water depth was determined by considering the levels of the xiphoid process of the study subjects. Ten-centimeter-high obstacles were used. An electrogoniometer was used to examine the ROM of flexion and extension of the hip joints on the affected side. An MP150 system a BioNomadix 2-channel wireless EMG transmitter was used to examine the muscle activity of the rectus femoris and biceps femoris of the affected side. [Conclusion] The results suggest that the unaffected side was supported, that the affected side moved, and that the hip joint was bent more underwater than on the ground. The rectus femoris and bicpes femoris were activated significantly less underwater than on the ground in all sections.Key words: Underwater obstacle, Stroke, Electromyography     

一氧化碳中毒迟发性脑病高压氧治疗前后脑电图的改变

目的：探讨一氧化碳中毒迟发性脑病（DEACMP）患者高压氧治疗对脑电图改变的意义。方法：对46例急性一氧化碳中毒迟发性脑病患者进行高压氧治疗，治疗前后检查脑电图，并对其中34例患者进行长谷川痴呆量表检测和临床疗效观察。结果：治疗后脑电图和痴呆症状与治疗前比较均有明显改善（P＜0．01）。治疗后临床症状改善总有效率为82．6％，并且临床症状改善与脑电图改善相平行。结论：高压氧对治疗DEACMP有明显疗效；脑电图对该病的病情和疗效判断具有重要意义。     

Relationship between Energy Intake and Changes in Thigh Echo Intensity during the Acute Phase of Stroke in Older Patients with Hemiplegia

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between energy intake and changes in thigh echo intensity (TEI) during the acute phase of stroke in older patients with hemiplegia.Subjects and MethodsOlder hemiplegic inpatients with stroke were enrolled in this post hoc analysis of a prospective observational study. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to energy intake during the 7 days after admission as follows: energy sufficient (ES) and energy insufficient (EIS) groups. The outcome was the rate of changes in TEI of the paralyzed and nonparalyzed sides between admission and after 4 weeks. A decrease in skeletal muscle quality is defined as an increase in intramuscular adipose tissues, which shows as an increase in echo intensity.ResultsThe study included 44 males and 39 females (median age 81 years). The rate of change of TEI in each group was as follows: +4.5% in the ES/paralyzed group, +6.7% in the EIS/paralyzed group, −0.9% in the ES/nonparalyzed group, and +4.4% in the EIS/nonparalyzed group. The univariate analyses showed no significant difference in the rate of change in TEI between ES and EIS groups in both paralyzed side (p = 0.190) and nonparalyzed side (p = 0.183). Multivariate analysis showed that higher energy intake was associated with a smaller increase in the rate of change in TEI on the nonparalyzed side (B = −4.115, 95% confidence interval, −7.127 to −1.103).ConclusionsHigher energy intake during 7 days after admission was associated with a smaller increase in the rate of change in TEI on the nonparalyzed side upon admission and after 4 weeks.     

Age Differences in the Time Course and Magnitude of Changes in Circulating Neuropeptides After Pain Evocation in Humans

This study tested the hypothesis that older adults would have a stronger response for substance P (facilitatory) but weaker response to β-endorphin (inhibitory), in magnitude as well as time course. Eight younger and 9 older adults underwent 3 experimental sessions using well validated laboratory pain models: cold pressor task, contact heat pain, and a nonpainful control. Blood was collected through an indwelling catheter at baseline and 3, 15, 30, 45, and 60 minutes after stimuli administration. Older adults had higher baseline levels of both neuropeptides suggesting increased peripheral activity compared with younger adults. After the cold pressor task, older adults demonstrated a quick and strong release of substance P with dramatic recovery, whereas young adults maintained a constant low-grade response. Unlike substance P, β-endorphin increased between 3 and 15 minutes for both groups with the upsurge substantially higher for older adults. After heat pain, younger adults had an immediate surge in circulating substance P and β-endorphin that was more pronounced than among older adults. However, levels of substance P for younger adults slowly tapered whereas they continued to climb for the older adults through 30 minutes. β-endorphin peaked at 30 minutes for both groups and returned to baseline. No changes were observed during the nonpainful control session.