高血压与颈动脉超声改变相关性的研究

目的　应用超声技术观察高血压组和正常对照组的研究对象的双侧颈总、颈内和颈外动脉的结构和血流动力学情况。方法　研究对象分高血压组和正常对照组 (95对 ,190例 ) ,利用二维超声、彩色多普勒超声测量双侧颈总、颈内和颈外动脉内径 ,舒张期末血流速度 ,时间平均血流速度以及双侧颈总、颈外动脉内中膜厚度以及有无斑块。结果　高血压组研究对象的颈总动脉内径均较正常对照组者的颈动脉内径增加 (P <0 .0 1)。高血压组研究对象的斑块发生率明显高于正常对照组 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;高血压组研究对象的双侧颈总动脉舒张期末血流速度 ,时间平均血流速度以及双侧颈总、颈外动脉内中膜与正常对照组相比均有显著性差异 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论　无创伤性的超声检查不仅能够进行对颈动脉内中膜以及整个血管壁结构的准确评估 ,而且可以对颈动脉进行血流动力学检测。     

烟雾病患者颈动脉超声检查的应用研究

目的探讨烟雾病患者颈部血管形态学及血流动力学特征。方法选取56例烟雾病患者(病例组)和同期检查的56例健康志愿者(对照组),应用灰阶超声测量两组双侧颈总动脉、颈内动脉及颈外动脉内径,计算颈内动脉/颈总动脉和颈内动脉/颈外动脉比值(颈内动脉/颈总动脉0.5称为瓶颈征,颈内动脉/颈外动脉1.0称为内径反转征)。应用频谱多普勒测量两组颈内动脉和颈外动脉收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)及阻力指数(RI),结果进行对比分析。结果 1病例组瓶颈征发生率为24.5%,内径反转征发生率为50.0%;对照组均无瓶颈征表现,内径反转征发生率为9.8%;两组瓶颈征及内径反转征发生率比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05);2病例组和对照组颈内动脉和颈外动脉PSV、EDV及RI比较差异均无统计学意义。结论瓶颈征和内径反转征是烟雾病患者颈部血管较为特征性的形态学改变,具有一定诊断价值;颈内动脉及颈外动脉血流动力学参数对烟雾病的诊断无明显价值。     

彩色多普勒超声检测老年高血压患者颈动脉重构与血流动力学变化

目的 探讨老年高血压患者颈动脉结构及血流动力学特征.方法 老年高血压患者81例,按高血压类型分为单纯收缩期高血压组42例(A组),收缩压和舒张压均增高组39例(B组).对照组为30名健康老年人.二维超声测量颈总动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)、收缩期、舒张期内径,观察颈总动脉斑块情况;脉冲多普勒超声测量颈总动脉收缩期峰速度(PSV)、舒张末期流速(EDV)、平均流速(Vmean)、阻力指数(RI)、搏动指数(PI).结果 与对照组比较,A、B组颈总动脉IMT、僵硬度、RI升高(P<0.01),扩张性、EDV、Vmean降低(P均<0.05),A组PI升高(P<0.01),B组PSV降低(P<0.05);A组颈总动脉僵硬度、PSV、RI、PI高于B组(P均<0.05),扩张性和EDV低于B组(P<0.01);A、B组斑块发生率均高于对照组(P均<0.05);收缩压、脉压与颈总动脉内径、IMT、EDV、Vmean、RI、PI密切相关.结论 老年高血压患者颈动脉发生重构及血流动力学改变,单纯收缩期高血压患者血管壁顺应性差于收缩压和舒张压均增高患者.收缩压及脉压对颈动脉重构及血流动力学影响较大.     

高血压患者的颈动脉超声研究

目的探讨高血压患者颈动脉超声特征及血流动力学变化。方法应用高频超声检测119名原发性高血压患者及34名正常人的颈动脉,运用统计软件分析其形态学改变和血流动力学参数。结果1.高血压3级组的颈动脉内径均大于正常对照组(p<0.05);高血压组的颈总动脉内-中膜厚度(intima-media thickness,IMT)及斑块Crouse积分均大于对照组(p<0.05),而且与高血压级别有关(p<0.05)。2.高血压组的颈总动脉收缩期峰值血流速度和舒张期末血流速度与对照组均存在显著性差别(p<0.05)。3.脉压差与颈总动脉IMT显著相关(相关系数R=0.839,p<0.01),PP≥60mmHg组的颈总动脉IMT和斑块检出率均高于PP<60mmHg组(p<0.01)。结论高血压与颈动脉硬化显著相关,并且与血压级别及脉压有关,颈动脉高频超声能及时准确地反映高血压患者颈动脉损害的情况。     

健康人群心血管超声结构和功能的增龄性变化分析探讨

随机抽取我科<45岁、45~59岁、60~75岁、>75岁4个年龄段各150例健康体检者分为<45岁组、45~59岁组、60~75岁组和>75岁组,所有入选者均进行常规检查,包括血压、体质指数、颈动脉超声以及心脏超声,比较4组入选者收缩压、舒张压、体质指数、双侧颈总动脉内膜中膜厚度(MT)、颈总动脉内径、收缩期峰值血流速度、舒张期末血流速度、脉压、二尖瓣E峰侧壁值和二尖瓣A峰前壁值。4组入选者收缩压、舒张压、体质指数、MT、颈总动脉内径、收缩期峰值血流速度、舒张期末血流速度、脉压、二尖瓣E峰侧壁值和二尖瓣A峰前壁值随增龄均存在较大差异,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.01);入选者MT、颈总动脉内径、脉压、二尖瓣A峰前壁值均与增龄呈现正相关(r=0.425、0.257、0.520、0.169,P<0.01);二尖瓣E峰侧壁值与增龄呈现负相关(r=-0.249,P<0.01)。健康人群心血管结构和功能与增龄存在线性相关,增龄是心脑血管疾病的重要危险因素。     

老年原发性高血压患者动态脉压与颈动脉重构、粥样硬化及缺血性脑卒中的关系

目的:观察老年原发性高血压患者颈动脉重构、粥样硬化的变化,以及动态脉压与颈动脉重构、缺血性脑卒中的关系。方法:①选择2003-07/2004-12河北省人民医院老年心血管科住院老年原发性高血压患者51例,男35例,女16例;年龄60～82岁。患者均知情同意参加。根据动态血压监测结果将患者分为脉压40～60mmHg组(n=26)和脉压>60mmHg组(n=25)。②采用动态血压监测仪监测动态血压。采用彩色多普勒超声仪进行颈动脉超声检查,测量双侧颈总动脉、分叉部、颈内动脉的内膜中层厚度。计算颈动脉紧张度[(颈总动脉收缩内径-颈总动脉舒张内径)×100/颈总动脉舒张内径],颈动脉扩张性[(颈总动脉收缩内径2-颈总动脉舒张内径2)×100/(颈总动脉舒张内径2×脉压)],颈动脉僵硬度[脉压×颈总动脉舒张内径/(颈总动脉收缩内径-颈总动脉舒张内径)。以左右颈动脉系统全部斑块分级的总和计算斑块指数。上述指标的测定反映颈动脉重构。③采用非配对比较t检验作显著性分析,计数资料组间比较用χ2检验,两因素间采用直线相关分析。结果:老年原发性高血压患者51例均进入结果分析。①颈总动脉内膜中层厚度、颈动脉分叉处内膜中层厚度、颈动脉僵硬度:脉压>60mmHg组明显高于脉压40～60mmHg组(t=3.92～2.25,P<0.05～0.01)。②颈动脉紧张度及颈动脉扩张性:脉压>60mmHg组明显低于脉压40～60mmHg组(t=3.10,2.47,P<0.01,0.05)。③颈动脉粥样斑块发生率:脉压>60mmHg组明显高于脉压40～60mmHg组(χ2=10.83,P<0.01)。④缺血性脑卒中发生率:脉压>60mmHg组明显高于脉压40～60mmHg组(χ2=4.47,P<0.05)。⑤颈总动脉内膜中层厚度、颈动脉分叉处内膜中层厚度、颈动脉僵硬度、颈动脉紧张度及颈动脉扩张性与脉压的相关性:颈总动脉内膜中层厚度、颈动脉分叉处内膜中层厚度、颈动脉僵硬度同脉压呈显著正相关(r=0.789,0.752,0.596,P<0.01～0.05)。颈动脉紧张度及颈动脉扩张性同脉压呈显著负相关(r=-0.626,-0.598,P<0.05)。结论:①脉压的增加对颈动脉重构及硬度均有影响,增大的脉压可使颈动脉弹性下降,僵硬度升高。②脉压是大动脉重构、僵硬度增加的危险因素。③脉压增加可使颈动脉粥样硬化性病变患病率增加。     

经颅二维彩色多普勒超声在大脑中动脉区急性脑梗死中的临床研究

目的：探讨经颅二维彩色多普勒超声（TCCS）在大脑中动脉区急性脑梗死中的临床应用价值。方法：86例大脑中动脉区急性脑梗死患者和82例正常成人，用TCCS检测双侧大脑中动脉（MCA）及大脑前动脉（ACA）收缩期峰值流速（SPV）、舒张末期血流速度（EDV）、搏动指数（PI）和阻力指数（RI）。结果：（1）大面积梗死组和腔隙性脑梗死组的MCA、ACA患侧血流速度明显低于正常对照组（P〈O．05），阻力指数、搏动指数明显高于正常对照组（P〈0．01）。（2）大面积梗死组舒张末期的比率≥1．7；而腔隙性梗死组和对照组的舒张末期的比率均〈1．7。结论：TCCS检查有助于大脑中动脉区急性脑梗死的诊断、临床治疗的选择。     

急性腔隙性脑梗死的预后与梗死区供血动脉的关系

目的 探讨不同梗死区供血动脉对急性腔隙性脑梗死预后的影响.方法 收集经MRI检查证实的急性腔隙性脑梗死住院病例,根据其梗死部位的供血动脉对病例进行分组,通过电话沟通的方式对患者进行随访,用Rankin(MRS)评分和Barthel指数(BI)对患者的康复情况进行评估以及分析影响其预后的危险因素.根据MRS评分和BI指数将病例分为预后好组和预后差组,用Logistic回归分析筛查对预后产生影响的因素.结果 共随访到102病例,分为大脑中动脉深穿支27例,脉络膜前动脉44例,基底动脉旁中央支20例,大脑后动脉深穿支11例,共4组.各组预后比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).高龄、糖尿病史或高胆固醇血症史的患者较其他患者的预后差(P<0.05).结论 急性腔隙性脑梗死的预后与供血动脉无显著相关性.高龄、糖尿病史和高胆固醇血症史的患者预后较差.     

超声评价睡眠不足与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性分析

目的:观察分析超声评价睡眠不足与颈动脉粥样硬化的相关性。方法:选取2019年2月至2019年12月平原县中医院收治的颈动脉粥样硬化患者86例作为研究对象,按照睡眠时间分为对照组和观察组,每组43例。睡眠时间<7 h的患者为观察组,并选取同时段睡眠时间>7 h患者作为对照组,均采用超声检查。采用统计学分析2组研究对象的颈动脉内膜-中层厚度与颈总动脉血流动力学参数、颈总动脉弹性功能参数以及相关性。结果:观察组颈动脉内膜-中层厚度、血管阻力指数明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),收缩期峰值血流速度、舒张末期血流速度低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);收缩期内径、舒张期内径、脉压以及僵硬度指数明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);Person相关性分析颈动脉内膜-中层厚度与血管阻力指数、僵硬度指数密切相关,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:睡眠不足与颈动脉粥样硬化之间存在密切相关性,通过超声检测可进行有效评价。     

腔隙性脑梗死患者血清细胞因子水平 与外周动脉弹性及舒张功能的关系

目的:探讨腔隙性脑梗死患者血清基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、氧化低密度脂蛋白(ox-LDL)、白介素-6(IL-6)、超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平与颈动脉弹性及肱动脉舒张功能的关系。方法:选取腔隙性脑梗死患者126例(研究组)和80例健康体检者(对照组)。2组均行血清MMP-9、ox-LDL、IL-6、hs-CRP水平检测,利用血管回声跟踪技术测定颈动脉弹性相关参数(压力应变弹性系数Ep、僵硬度β、顺应性AC、增大指数AI、脉搏波传导速度PWVβ),同时测量肱动脉内径变化率。分析MMP-9、ox-LDL、IL-6、hs-CRP水平与颈动脉弹性及肱动脉舒张功能受损的相关性。结果:研究组的血清MMP-9、ox-LDL、IL-6、hs-CRP水平均高于对照组(P0.05)。与对照组相比,研究组的Ep、β、AI、PEVβ水平明显更高,AC水平更低(P0.05)。研究组中,与舒张功能未受损患者相比,受损患者的血清MMP-9、ox-LDL、IL-6、hs-CRP水平更高(P0.05)。MMP-9、ox-LDL、IL-6、hs-CRP与β、PWVβ、舒张功能受损率均呈正相关(均P0.05),与Ep、AC、AI均无相关性(均P0.05)。结论:腔隙性脑梗死患者的血清MMP-9、ox-LDL、IL-6、hs-CRP水平均与颈动脉弹性、肱动脉舒张功能密切相关。     

Lower blood flow velocity, higher resistance index, and larger diameter of extracranial carotid arteries are associated with ischemic stroke independently of carotid atherosclerosis and cardiovascular risk factors

PURPOSE: To investigate the association between diameter and flow velocity of the carotid arteries and ischemic stroke. METHODS: Peak systolic velocity, end diastolic velocity, Pourcelot resistance index, blood flow volume, luminal diameter, and carotid plaque burden were measured and compared in 240 ischemic stroke (IS) patients without history of stroke, 163 chronic stable IS patients, and 236 nonstroke controls (age, >or=40 years). Data were also compared between stroke subtypes (large artery atherosclerosis, lacunar, cardioembolic, or undetermined origin). RESULTS: Acute as well as chronic stable IS patients had significantly lower flow velocities and flow volume, higher resistance index than nonstroke controls in the common carotid artery (CCA), internal carotid artery and external carotid artery, and larger common carotid artery diameter. The differences were found across all IS subtypes and in stroke patients with as well as without carotid plaque. Comparisons between these subgroups showed significant differences in end diastolic velocity, resistance index, flow velocity, and diameter that were more prominent in the CCA. After adjusting for carotid plaque and cardiovascular risk factors, the associations between the above-mentioned parameter and stroke remained significant. CONCLUSIONS: Stroke patients in acute as well as chronic stable phase appeared to have larger CCA diameters, lower carotid flow velocities and volume, and higher resistance index than nonstroke patients independently of extracranial carotid atherosclerosis. These findings need to be confirmed by a prospective study.     

高频超声对脑梗死患者颈动脉结构与功能改变的评价

目的应用高频超声研究脑梗死患者颈动脉血管结构与功能的改变。方法应用高频超声对46例脑梗死患者和40例健康老年人颈动脉行二维超声检查,观察并记录颈动脉内-中膜有无增厚、有无斑块、斑块数目和回声情况,测量舒张期内-中膜厚度(IMT);M-型超声记录颈总动脉前后壁在收缩期和舒张期运动幅度变化,测量舒张期和收缩期的内径,计算内-中膜横截面积(IMSCA)、僵硬度β指数、扩张性(distensibility)和顺应性(compliance)等参数。结果脑梗死患者比健康老年人斑块数目及低回声斑块检出率增加,最大IMT和平均IMT增厚,内-中膜横截面积、收缩期内径和舒张期内径、僵硬度指数增大,扩张性和顺应性降低(P<0.05)。IMT与僵硬度指数、扩张性和顺应性无明显相关性。IM-SCA、僵硬度指数、扩张性和顺应性与脉压相关(P<0.01),而与收缩压、舒张压等无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论高频超声是无创诊断颈动脉早期动脉硬化的简便有效的方法,颈动脉IMT结合僵硬度、扩张性和顺应性等指标可反映脑梗死患者颈动脉血管结构和功能变化的特征,可提供更全面的信息。     

彩色多普勒在脑梗塞病中的临床应用

了解彩色多普勒对脑梗塞病的应用价值。方法：对４２例脑梗塞患者和３６例健康人的颈动脉颅外段进行二维超声切面显像与彩色多普勒检测。了解颈动脉粥样斑块发生情况,测定颈动脉收缩期血流峰值,舒张期血流峰值,和阻力指数。结论彩色多普勒能清楚显示脑梗颈动脉病变情况,有效评价其血流动力学状,具有重要的临床应用价值。     

Redefined duplex ultrasonographic criteria for diagnosis of carotid artery stenosis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate duplex ultrasonographic criteria for the determination of 50% or more and 70% or more stenosis of the diameter of the internal carotid artery based on conventional angiography in order to align ultrasonographic diagnostic categories with current clinical management schemes. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between January 1, 1995, and June 30, 1999, 915 patients underwent both carotid duplex ultrasonography and cerebral angiography within 30 days at Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minn. Of these patients, 294 were excluded from this study because of occlusion of one or both of the internal carotid arteries or atypical flow characteristics. In the remaining 621 patients (61 % male, 39% female; mean age, 67.7 years [range, 14-88 years]), 1218 vessels were available for correlation. Several Doppler ultrasonographic velocity variables were compared with the angiographic findings by use of receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. The primary end point was verification of optimal ultrasonographic criteria to diagnose 70% or more internal carotid artery stenosis. The secondary end point was establishment of threshold values to detect stenosis of 50% or more. RESULTS: At angiography, 382 patients had internal carotid arteries with 70% or more stenosis. Peak systolic and end diastolic velocities of the internal carotid artery and internal carotid artery:common carotid artery peak systolic velocity ratios were measured. For an internal carotid artery stenosis of 70% or more, a peak systolic velocity of 230 cm/s or more resulted in a sensitivity of 86.4%, a specificity of 90.1%, a positive predictive value of 82.7%, a negative predictive value of 92.3%, and an accuracy of 88.8%. An end diastolic velocity of 70 cm/s or more and an internal carotid artery:common carotid artery ratio of 3.2 or more yielded similar values. For an internal carotid artery stenosis of 50% or more, a peak systolic velocity of 130 cm/s or more resulted in a sensitivity of 92.1 %, a specificity of 89.5%, a positive predictive value of 90.3%, a negative predictive value of 91.3%, and an overall accuracy of 90.8%. An internal carotid artery:common carotid artery ratio of 1.6 or more yielded similar values. CONCLUSION: In our ultrasonography laboratory, a carotid artery stenosis of 70% or more (for which carotid endarterectomy is typically recommended in symptomatic patients) is diagnosed reliably with the following duplex ultrasonographic criteria: a peak systolic velocity of 230 cm/s or more, an end diastolic velocity of 70 cm/s or more, or an internal carotid artery:common carotid artery ratio of 3.2 or more.     

Calcification of peripheral arteries in patients with terminal renal failure on programmed hemodialysis

AIM: To estimate incidence and clinical significance of carotid and femoral arteries calcification in patients with terminal renal failure (TRF) on programmed hemodialysis (PH). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty four patients (25 males and 9 females) with TRF were divided into two groups by severity of hyperphosphatemia: 15 patients with P < 6 mg/dl (group 1) and 19 patients with P > 6 mg/dl. The groups were matched by age (44.4 +/- 15.05 and 42.7 +/- 14.23 years, respectively) and PH duration (2.4 +/- 1.1 and 2.6 +/- 1.16 years, respectively). Calcification of the arteries and structure of the vascular wall were examined with ultrasonic dopplerography of the common carotid and femoral arteries. Measurements were made of intima-media complex (IMC) thickness, systolic and diastolic diameter of the right and left carotid artery. The arteries were studied for the presence of calcinates and atherosclerotic plaques. RESULTS: Patients of group 2 showed a correlation between a P level, incidence rate of common carotid arteries calcification, atherosclerotic plaques in the femoral arteries, IMC of the carotid and femoral arteries, left ventricular hypertrophy and a decline in a left ventricular diastolic function. A significant correlation was established between the rate of atherosclerotic plaques detection and age, male sex, smoking and history of PH. An increase in IMC and arterial rigidity was revealed in 12 (63.2%) of 19 patients of group 2. They had episodes of intradialysis hypotonia, 6 (31.6%) patients had acute coronary syndrome, 5 (26.3%) patients--cardiac arrhythmia. CONCLUSION: A significant contribution to formation of risk factors of cardiovascular complications in TRF patients on PH is made by disturbed phosphorus-calcium metabolism resulting in higher rigidity and diameter of the arteries. The above changes lead to a rise in systolic pressure and fall in diastolic one. Increased pulse pressure is an independent predictor of the risk to develop acute coronary syndrome.     

Duplex criteria for determination of 50% or greater carotid stenosis.

Recently the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial investigators reported a benefit of carotid endarterectomy compared with medical therapy for symptomatic patients with 50% or greater carotid stenosis. This has necessitated the development of screening parameters for diagnosis of 50% or greater carotid stenosis on the basis of the reference standards used in the study by the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial. The duplex scans and arteriograms of 110 patients (210 carotid arteries) were reviewed by blinded readers. Duplex measurements of peak systolic velocity and end diastolic velocity were recorded, and the ratio of these velocities in the internal and common carotid arteries was calculated. The criteria determined for detection of 50% or greater stenosis were as follows: peak systolic velocity of the internal carotid artery greater than 170 cm/s (sensitivity, 92%; specificity, 90%; positive predictive value, 92%; negative predictive value, 90%; and accuracy, 91 %); end diastolic velocity of the internal carotid artery greater than 60 cm/s (sensitivity, 92%; specificity, 86%; positive predictive value, 95%; negative predictive value, 79%; and accuracy, 91 %); ratio of peak systolic velocity of the internal carotid artery to peak systolic velocity of the common carotid artery greater than 2 (sensitivity, 93%; specificity, 75%; positive predictive value, 83%; negative predictive value, 89%; and accuracy, 85%); and ratio of end diastolic velocity of the internal carotid artery to end diastolic velocity of the common carotid artery greater than 2.4 (sensitivity, 96%; specificity, 79%; positive predictive value, 88%; negative predictive value, 92%; and accuracy, 89%). It is concluded that 50% or greater carotid artery stenosis can be reliably determined by duplex criteria. The use of receiver operating characteristic curves allows the individualization of duplex criteria to the clinical situation.     

高血压脑梗死患者颈动脉粥样硬化的超声特征及变化

目的:探讨高血压脑梗死患者的颈动脉粥样硬化的超声特征及变化。方法:应用彩色多普勒显像仪检测50例高血压脑梗死患者、60例单纯高血压(EH)患者的颈动脉。结果:脑梗死组与单纯高血压组比较,颈动脉内中膜增厚、内径增大、斑块指数增多,收缩期峰值血流速度增快、舒张末期峰值血流速度减慢,搏动指数、阻力指数增高(P<0.01)。结论:脑梗死患者存在明显的颈动脉硬化,血管外周阻力增高,血流量下降。彩色多普勒颈动脉超声检查可作为脑梗死病因诊断的一项无创性手段,对脑梗死预测有一定的实用参考价值。     

脑梗死患者与健康体检者颅外段脑动脉血管结构和血流动力学变化的差异

背景颈动脉粥样硬化患者中脑梗死发生率较高,但缺少大样本的研究,尤其缺少血流动力学变化的研究.目的研究脑梗死患者颅外段脑动脉血管结构和血流动力学变化特点,并与健康人进行差异比较.设计以诊断为依据,病例对照研究.地点和对象1999-01/2002-05中国铁道建筑总公司总医院住院患者300例(脑梗死组),其中男242例,女58例.2000-02/2001-10在本院体检健康者105例(健康组),男50例,女55例.主要观察指标血管内径及颈总动脉内壁(内膜与中膜之和);血流参数测定收缩期最大血流速度(Vmax)、舒张期最小血流速度(Vmin)、血管阻力指数(RI)、收缩期颈内动脉血流速度与颈总动脉血流速度的比值(VICA/VCCA).结果脑梗死患者梗死侧血管粥样硬化斑发生率(55.8%)明显高于非梗死侧(46.3%),差异有显著性意义(x2=4.487,P＜0.05),侧向符合率高;其血流参数的改变以Vmin,VICA/VCCA及RI最为明显,差异均有高度显著性意义(P＜0.01～0.001).结论脑梗死患者梗死侧血管粥样硬化斑的发生率明显高于非梗死侧,侧向符合率高;血流参数的改变以MIN明显减慢、RI明显增高为主要特点.     

心肌梗死对左心室同步性影响的实验研究

目的 探讨左前降支远端堵闭后心肌梗死对左心室同步性的影响.方法 在选择性堵闭左前降支远端制备猪心肌梗死模型前2 h内(心肌梗死前)和心肌梗死后7～14 d内各进行一次常规超声心动图和速度向量成像检查,测量心肌梗死前后左心室舒张末期内径、舒张末期容积、收缩末期内径、收缩末期容积和球形指数0等重构指标.比较心肌梗死前后左心室6个节段心肌运动收缩期速度、应变、应变率及其达峰时间.结果 前壁心肌梗死后早期左心室舒张末期长径和收缩末期长径增大,收缩末期容积增大,射血分数降低.左心室6节段收缩速度、应变和应变率均显著减低,只有平均应变率达峰时间心肌梗死后显著延长.结论 心肌梗死后左心室同步性异常加重左心室的收缩功能异常.     

超声评价颈动脉内膜剥脱术和支架置入术后颈动脉再狭窄的价值

目的:探讨彩色多普勒超声评价颈动脉支架置入术(carotid artery stenting,CAS)和内膜剥脱术(carotid endarterectomy,CEA)后颈动脉再狭窄的价值。方法:经数字减影血管造影确诊53例患者共62支血管颈动脉狭窄,回顾分析患者CAS或CEA术前和术后的彩色多普勒超声结果,超声指标包括颈内动脉(internal carotid artery,ICA)狭窄处血管内径、ICA和颈总动脉(common carotid artery,CCA)狭窄处收缩期峰值流速(peak systolic velocity,PSV)以及ICA舒张末期流速(end diastolic velocity,EDV)。结果:经治疗后,52支血管无明显再狭窄(狭窄率50%),病变血管内径较术前明显增宽(P0.01),PSVICA明显降低(P0.01);10支血管出现≥50%的再狭窄,术后血管内径和PSVICA较术前无明显变化(P0.05);出现≥50%再狭窄血管的PSVICA、EDVICA及PSVICA/PSVCCA较无明显狭窄血管明显增高(P0.01)。以PSVICA/PSVCCA≥2作为诊断标准,其预测术后再狭窄≥50%的敏感性和特异性分别为80.0%和98.1%。结论:彩色多普勒超声能够有效地评价CAS和CEA术后颈动脉再狭窄。