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1.
艾滋病患者淋巴细胞数和CD+4T细胞计数的相关性研究   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
目的 研究感染人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)的艾滋病(AIDS)患者总淋巴细胞数(TLC)和CD+4阳性T淋巴细胞数量(CD+4T)的相关性,探讨TLC作为CD+4T替代方案在监测HIV疾病进展和高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)疗效中发挥的作用.方法 分析121例患者在治疗前和HAART中TLC和CD+4T的相关性,并动态观察治疗1、6、12个月患者TLC增加值(△TLC)和CD+4T增加值(△CD+4T)的相关性.通过ROC面积、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分析,寻找能有效预测CD+4T>200个/μl、>350个/μl的TLC的范围;预测△CD+4T>50个/μl、>100个/μl、>150个/μl时△TLC的范围.结果 121例艾滋病患者TLC和CD+4T在治疗前相关系数r为0.723,P<0.01;在HAART后1、3、6、9和12个月时也保持一定的相关性,平均相关系数r为0.624±0.094.△TLC和△CD+4T在HAART过程中具有更高的相关性,平均相关系数r为0.760±0.086.在HAART前用TLC<1300个/μl和<1500个/μl预测CD+4T<200个/μl和<350个/μl具有显著的预测价值.HAART后1个月预测△CD+4T>50个/μl的△TLC最佳临界值为>190个/μl,6个月时预测△CD+4T>100个/μl的△TLC最佳临界值为>360个/μl,12个月时预测△CD+4T>150个/μl的△TLC最佳临界值为>690个/μl.结论 在条件匮乏的艾滋病高发区,可以采用TLC和△TLC预测CD+4T和△CD+4T,监测HIV疾病进展和评价HAART疗效.  相似文献   

2.
目的研究人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者和艾滋病(AIDS)患者CIM+T淋巴细胞数的变化(△CD4+T)和外周血淋巴细胞总数的变量(△TLC)的相关性,探讨用△TLC预测CD4+T在监测HIV疾病进展和高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)疗效中发挥的作用。方法分析91例HIV/AIDS患者CD4+T和TLC及△CD4+T和△TLC的相关性,通过ROC面积、敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值分析,寻找能有效预测CD4+T淋巴细胞数〈200个/μl,〈350个/μl,时TLC的范围;△CD4+T淋巴细胞数为50个/μl、100个/μl、200个/μl、300个/μl时△TLC的范围。结果91例HIV/AIDS患者CD4+T和TLC相关系数r为0.716,P〈0.01;△TLC和△CD4+T具有更强的相关性,相关系数r为0.809,P〈0.01。用1300个/μl和1700个/μl TLC预测CD4+T200个/μl和350个/μl具有显著的预测价值。用△TLC 170个/μl、330个/μl、630个/μl、910个/μl分别预测△CD4+T50个/μl、100个/μl、200个/μl、300个/μl,各项预测指标基本上在90%以上,显著高于相同时间下TLC预测CD4+T的效果。结论人免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者和艾滋病(AIDS)患者CD4+T淋巴细胞数的变化(△CD4+T)和外周血淋巴细胞总数的变量(△TLC)具有直线相关性。在条件匮乏的艾滋病高发区,可以应用△TLC预测△CD4+T.比TLC更加直观、准确的反映HIV感染者疾病进展和评价AIDS患者HAART的疗效。  相似文献   

3.
目的 通过对HIV感染者和AIDS患者血常规总淋巴细胞数(TLC)、Hb、PLT、WBC与CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数相关性的研究,探讨用血常规多项指标检测联合预测HIV/AIDS患者CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数的可行性.方法 778例HIV/AIDS患者共采集1 038份血样,血常规中四项指标:TLC、Hb、WBC、PLT与CD4+T淋巴细胞计数相关分析采用Spearman秩和相关.绘制受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线以判断各项指标预测CD4+T淋巴细胞计数的真实度及其最佳临界值,计算各临界值的敏感度、特异度、阳性预测值和阴性预测值.采用联合试验评价多指标联合预测CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数<200个/μl的可行性.结果 TLC、Hb、WBC、PLT与CD4+T淋巴细胞计数之间均存在正相关,相关系数分别为r=0.64,P=0.000;r=0.36,P=0.000;r=0.24,P=0.000;r=0.09,P=0.000.TLC、Hb预测CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数的ROC曲线下面积分别在0.82~0.84、0.66~0.70之间.单独使用TLC预测CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数<50、200、350个/μl的最佳临界值分别为TLC<1 100 × 106/L、1 200 ×106/L、1 400 × 106/L.TLC<1 200 × 106/L与Hb<120 g/L联合预测CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数<200个/μl的敏感度为45.3%,特异度为82.8%.结论本研究结果显示TLC<1 200 ×106/L与Hb<120g/L联合预测CD4+ T淋巴细胞计数<200个/μl的临床使用价值不高.  相似文献   

4.
目的研究人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)感染者和获得性免疫缺陷综合症(AIDS)患者CD4^+T淋巴细胞数变化(ΔCD4^+T)和外周血淋巴细胞总数变化(ΔTLC)的相关性。探讨用ΔTLC预测ΔCD4^+T在监测HIV/AIDS患者疾病进展以及高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)疗效的价值。方法回顾性分析20052008年确诊的91例HIV/AIDS患者的临床资料。结果ΔTLC与ΔCD4^+T呈直线正相关(r=0.809,P〈0.01),好于TLC与CD4^+T的相关性(r=0.712,P〈0.01)。分别用ΔTLC170、330、630、910个/μL细胞预测ΔCD4^+T50、100、200、300个/μL细胞时具有较好的预测价值,各项评价指标符合率基本达到90%以上,显著高于相同时间下用TLC预测CD4^+T计数的价值。结论应用ΔTLC预测ΔCD4^+T,可比TLC更加直观、准确的反映HIV感染者疾病进展和评价AIDS患者HAART的疗效。  相似文献   

5.
目的:使用高效抗反转录病毒药物治疗(highly active antiretroviral therapy,HAART)50例血友病合并艾滋病和丙型肝炎的患者,观察长期疗效和副作用,了解血淋巴细胞绝对计数(TLC)和β2-微球蛋白(β2-MG)在HAART疗效判断中的作用。方法:用反转录病毒药物治疗CD4 T淋巴细胞计数≤200/mm3的50例血友病合并艾滋病和丙型肝炎患者,定期检查其CD4 T淋巴细胞计数、HIV病毒载量(HIVRNA)、血红蛋白(Hb)、血白细胞(WBC)、血红细胞(RBC)、血总胆红素(SB)、血谷丙转氨酶(ALT)等,同时配对分析TLC与CD4 淋巴细胞计数、血β2-MG与HIVRNA的相关性。结果:在HAART治疗2~6个月后,50例患者血浆病毒载量均低于50copies/ml(P<0.0001),CD4 T淋巴细胞平均上升了257/mm3(P<0.001)。血TLC与CD4 T淋巴细胞计数存在一定相关性,r=0.46,P<0.01。血β2-MG与HIVRNA水平未见有相关性(r=0.22,P>0.05)。结论:HAART能快速抑制HIVRNA的复制和重建免疫功能,施多宁、赛瑞特和拉米夫定联合治疗方案安全、高效;血TLC和β2-MG检测可为资源贫乏地区的抗病毒治疗提供临床参考。  相似文献   

6.
目的 研究1年以内感染HIV的感染者(早期感染者,EHI)体内CD+4 CD+25 Foxp3+调节性T淋巴细胞水平及其与疾病进展相关性.方法 随机选取51例HIV感染者,依据感染时间及CD+4 T淋巴细胞水平分为3组:EHI组30例、HIV组15例、AIDS组6例,20名健康人作为对照组,各组对象的年龄、性别具有可比性.用EDTA抗凝管采集全血,应用FACSAria流式细胞仪及Foxp3染色试剂盒,检测外周血单个核细胞CD+4CD+25Foxp3+调节性T淋巴细胞表达水平,分析EHI者及全部HIV感染者CD+4 CD+25Foxp3+调节性T淋巴细胞表达水平与CD+4T淋巴细胞数量、病毒调定点、病毒载量及淋巴细胞活化水平间的相关性.结果 健康对照组、EHI组、HIV组及AIDS组CD+4C+25Foxp3+T淋巴细胞百分率逐级上升,其中EHI组CD+4CD+25Foxp3+T淋巴细胞百分率[3.79(2.11~5.43)%]低于AIDS组[8.09(4.90~8.90)%],差异有统计学意义(Z=-2.29,P=0.022);EHI组CD+4 CD+25Foxp3+T淋巴细胞百分率与病毒调定点正相关(r=0.479,P=0.038),与CD4T淋巴细胞计数呈负相关(r=-0.455,P=0.011),与CD+3 HLA+T淋巴细胞呈正相关(r=0.533,P=0.002).结论 中国EHI者CD+4 CD+25Foxp3+调节性T淋巴细胞百分率高与高病毒调定点及低CD+4 T淋巴细胞数量相关,提示CD+4 CD+25Fox3+调节性T淋巴细胞是加速HIV感染早期疾病进展的因素之一.  相似文献   

7.
目的探讨不同CD4~+T和CD8~+T淋巴细胞基线值HIV/AIDS患者接受高效抗逆转录病毒治疗(HAART)后免疫重建的效果。方法流式细胞术检测100名HIV/AIDS患者治疗前及采用不同CD4~+T和CD8~+T淋巴细胞基线值接受HAART后的CD4~+T和CD8~+T淋巴细胞水平,对其做统计学分析。结果当HIV/AIDS患者治疗前CD4~+T细胞数(个/μL)分别为≤50、50-200、200-350及350-500时,接受HAART后分别升高98.55、73.1、111和102.2(P0.05或0.01);仅治疗前CD8~+T细胞基线水平(个/μL)≤500时HAART后升高39.8(P0.01)。结论治疗前基线CD4~+T或CD8~+T水平影响HAART后免疫重建的效果;定期监测CD4~+T和CD8~+T变化,有助于了解HIV/AIDS患者的病情发展和选择正确的治疗方案。  相似文献   

8.
严重急性呼吸综合征急性期T淋巴细胞亚群异常改变   总被引:58,自引:6,他引:52  
目的 研究严重急性呼吸综合征 (SARS)患者T淋巴细胞改变特点 ,探讨其发病机制 ,提高对SARS的早期诊断水平。方法 收集本院急诊留观的 30例确诊为SARS患者和 5 6名健康献血员的抗凝血 ,用特异性荧光抗体标记 ,通过流式细胞仪检测其CD4+ 和CD8+ 的T淋巴细胞亚群变化 ,对其中 2例恢复后的SARS病人复查CD4+ 和CD8+ 的T淋巴细胞亚群 ,并与人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)、巨细胞病毒 (CMV)和EB病毒 (EBV)感染患者的T淋巴细胞亚群改变进行比较。结果 与正常人相比 ,SARS患者的CD4+ T淋巴细胞 (简称“T4细胞”)和CD8+ T淋巴细胞 (简称“T8细胞”)数量均显著减少 (2 84± 187个 /mm3 和 2 88± 16 7个 /mm3 ) ,所有SARS患者的T4细胞计数均低于正常 (最低仅4 9个 /mm3 ) ,恢复期 2例SARS病人的T4和T8细胞恢复正常 ;与HIV、CMV、EBV感染者相比 ,SARS患者的T4细胞和T8细胞数量也均显著减少 ,而T8细胞数量的减少则更为严重 ;与正常人相比 ,HIV感染者T4细胞数量也均显著减少 ,但HIV、CMV、EBV感染者的T8细胞数量均显著增加。结论 SARS患者的T淋巴细胞数量显著降低 ,但可逆转 ;T4和T8细胞的检测有助于早期诊断SARS病人。  相似文献   

9.
目的了解云南省曲靖市HIV感染者抗病毒治疗前后外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞水平及分布情况。方法采用流式细胞仪检测822例HIV感染者接受抗病毒治疗前后外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞。结果抗病毒治疗后外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞超过350个/微升者占61.07%;各年龄组外周血CD4+T淋巴细胞水平均高于治疗前(P<0.05)。结论 HIV感染者抗病毒治疗后CD4+T淋巴细胞显著升高,但仍有40%的患者小于或等于350个/微升,应加强耐药监测,及时更改抗病毒治疗方案。  相似文献   

10.
目的对仁寿县2019年4、5、6月新发现HIV感染者首次CD4^+T淋巴细胞检测,以了解其免疫状态及疾病进展情况,为进行抗病毒治疗提供依据。方法2019年新发现HIV抗体阳性患者共146例,用流式细胞仪检测淋巴细胞亚群,对检测结果数据进行分析。结果HIV/AIDS患者首次检测的CD4^+T淋巴细胞均值(273±173)个/μL,CD4^+T细胞计数≤200个/μL的有59例,>500个/μL的有9例,CD4^+/CD8^+<1占总检测数的89.7%。结论CD4^+T淋巴细胞计数可判断机体免疫状态,确定疾病分期,在艾滋病防治中起重要作用。  相似文献   

11.
Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.  相似文献   

12.
Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.  相似文献   

13.
目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4%(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7%(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3%(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1% (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9% (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8%(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大<6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8~10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1%(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9%(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2%(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 %(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.  相似文献   

14.
This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.  相似文献   

15.
ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.  相似文献   

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Ranganath C  Heller AS  Wilding EL 《NeuroImage》2007,35(4):1663-1673
Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.  相似文献   

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ZusammenfassungFragestellung Es wurde geprüft, wie sich der Differenziertheitsgrad zweier Schmerzmessmethoden auf Angaben zur Ausgedehntheit klinischer Schmerzen auswirkt. Zugleich wurde der Referenzzeitraum variiert, über den die Patienten berichten sollten.Methode Erfasst wurde der Einfluss zu Lasten der Befragungsdifferenziertheit durch den Vergleich zweier Körperschema-Bildvorlagen. Drei Referenzzeiträume (Schmerz aktuell, letzte Woche, letztes halbes Jahr) wurden vorgegeben.Ergebnisse Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen gaben bei differenzierter Befragung um so mehr Schmerzen an, je weiter die Schmerzen zurück lagen und je größer der Berichtszeitraum war. Patienten mit gelenknahen Schmerzen gaben bei hoch differenzierter Befragung weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen in der Vergangenheit an als bei globaler Einschätzung. Patienten mit Rückenschmerzen berichteten bei differenzierter Befragung zum aktuellen Schmerz über weniger ausgedehnte Schmerzen als bei globaler Befragung.Schlussfolgerung Die Angaben zur Schmerzausdehnung variieren vor allem bei Patienten mit ausgedehnten Schmerzen in Abhängigkeit von der Differenziertheit der Befragung. In diesen Fällen ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit erhöht, dass sich die Beschwerdesymptomatik zumindest teilweise erst in der Reaktion auf die situativen Befragungsbedingungen konstituiert und daher nicht auf andere Befragungsbedingungen generalisiert werden kann.  相似文献   

20.
The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.  相似文献   

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