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1.
运动训练与心率变化   总被引:11,自引:3,他引:8  
应用心率的变化来指导和调控力训练多年来以被广大教练员、运动员和科研工作所接受,人们通常根据心率的变化范围来安排负荷强度调整运动量。大量的献资料对有关心率、最大心率及目标心率在运动训练中的应用从不同角度作了进一步的概括:(1)一般认为强度和心率之间存在着线性关系,根据最大心率的不同范围可发展不同的身体能力。(2)最大心率随着不同的训练状况改变很少或不发生变化,也有研究显示:如果训练量及强度降低或停止训练,最大心率将增加。(3)不同的测定方式会导致同一个体出现不同的最大心率而互具有较大差异。(4)心率域并不是个稳定的指标,在训练实践中宜把心率指标与其他生理生化指标相结合来实施训练和调控强度。  相似文献   

2.
背景:运动强度有物理负荷强度指标、生理负荷强度指标和主观负荷强度指标3种。生理负荷强度能在反映运动强度的同时有效反映运动个体对运动强度的适应情况。目的:阐述心率和乳酸浓度检测分析生理负荷强度的应用进展。方法:检索PubMed数据库和中国期刊全文数据库1990/2011收录的以生理负荷强度来监控运动强度的文章,并重点突出以心率和乳酸作为监控指标的应用。结果与结论:通过47篇文献可证实心率以及乳酸是有效且应用广泛的用来监控运动强度的生理负荷强度指标。在通过对运动个体生理负荷强度的测定的同时,结合运动个体自身的生理负荷强度极限值的了解,一方面可以显著提高运动个体的训练水平。另一方面还可以有效避免长时间的过度训练所造成的机体损伤。因此,在以生理负荷强度指标监控运动强度时应综合考虑数种指标的联合应用,并应注意相应的应用条件和范围。  相似文献   

3.
目的:应用主观体力感觉(RPE)量表来预测武警新兵不同强度的耐力训练时的RPE值和心率制订控制训练强度的方程,为部队新兵耐力训练提供简单科学的方法。方法:把RPE和运动负荷心率相结合,运动负荷的最大心率(MHR)监测从50%MHR至90%MHR分为9个运动等级,记录对应的RPE值,建立主体感觉和训练心率的回归方程。随机选择新兵分为实验组(32名)和对照组(32名),进行为期8周的耐力训练。实验组按照RPE控制方程实施RPE感觉等级的耐力负荷强度安排,每周训练3次。对照组按部队现状训练。 结果:新兵训练心率的回归方程为:新兵心率=37.45+7.43×新兵RPE (R=0.952);通过应用回归方程,用RPE值调控新训战士的耐力训练8周后,实验组的VO2max、体力劳动能力(pwc)170、3000m跑成绩优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:新兵耐力训练强度的RPE控制方程能够应用战士训练实践,能够有效提高训练效果。  相似文献   

4.
目的:观察不同强度有氧运动对健康男性老年人骨密度和体成分的影响。方法:选取体健男性老年人90例,根据训练强度的不同采用随机数字表法分为低强度(A组)、中强度(B组)和高强度(C组),每组30例。参照3组受试者在症状限制性心电运动试验结果中所取得的最高心率制订运动强度,A组采取50%最高心率为靶心率的运动强度,B组采取70%最高心率为靶心率的运动强度,C组采取90%最高心率为靶心率的运动强度;3组受试者均采用医用跑台(随时监测心率)跑步的运动方式进行训练;3组受试者在靶心率时的运动时间均为每次30min,每周训练≥3次,训练6个月。记录3组受试者训练前、训练后骨密度(BMD)、腰臀比(WHR)和体脂率(BFR),并对其进行比较分析。结果:训练6个月后,3组BMD水平较训练前均有明显升高(P0.05),且B、C组均明显高于A组(P0.05),但B、C组比较差异无统计学意义。训练后,3组WHR、BFR较训练前均明显下降(P0.05),且B、C组均明显低于A组(P0.05),但B、C组比较差异无统计学意义。结论:中、高强度有氧运动均能显著改善男性老年人骨密度和体成分,且中强度训练与高强度训练对骨密度和体成分的影响无明显差异,建议男性老年人采用中强度有氧运动来提升骨密度和改善体成分。  相似文献   

5.
目的:为保证运动员合理的训练和保持良好体能,实现对运动的科学医务监督,追踪检查了烟台师范学院男、女蓝球队运动员的心电图。方法:于2002-09/2004-11对烟台师范学院男、女篮球队全体运动员25人(男13人,女12人)进行了心电图的检查分析。采用日本三导心电图机,记录运动员安静心图,不同强度负荷训练中的心电图及比赛前后心电图。取卧位描记Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ,aVR,aVL,aVF,V1,V3,V5等常规导联,部分运动员描记全部12导联。观察其心率、心律、传导及异常变化及心率特点,分析心电图变化与训练年限、运动强度的关系。结果:参加心电图测试者25人,全部结果入分析。①通过两年的跟踪检查,共测心电图125人次。先后出现异常9例,占36%;正常者占64%。其中窦性心动过缓16例,占64%;窦性心律不齐8例,占32%;房性早搏1例,占4%;室性早搏3例,占12%;Ⅰ度房室传达室导阻滞2例,占8%;异位早搏1例,占4%;左心室高电压2例,占8%。②参与检查的运动员平均心率为55.3次/min,男女运动员之间没有差异(56.7,53.9次/min;t=1.03,P>0.05)随训练年限的增加运动员的心率有减缓的趋势(训练1~2年的平均心率为58次/min,3~4年的平均心率为54次/min,5~6年平均心率为47次/mint=3.062,P<0.05)。③训练强度的大小及递增的快慢都能影响到心电图的变化,一般强度较小变化不大,但是中等强度及大强度影响较大,训练强度越大或递增速度过快而心电图变化越多[房性室性早搏:1(4%),3(12%);Ⅰ度房室性传导阻滞:0,2(8%);左室高电压:1(4%),1(4%)]。结论:训练强度和运动员的疲劳状态对心电图有直接的影响,在运动训练及比赛中应加强运动员心血管系统的医务监督,心电图是一个比较科学的监控指标。  相似文献   

6.
目的:本研究评估了不同力量训练方案对心脏自主神经功能产生的影响。方法:研究采用随机交互式的设计,20名健康男性受试者完成3次不同方案的力量训练,分别记录R-R间期:包括安静状态5min(卧位),整个力量训练期间,训练后恢复期5min(卧位),进行相应心率变异(HRV)分析,并分别进行血乳酸检测。结果:三种力量训练方案运动期及恢复期心脏的自主神经功能发生不同的调整。肌肉耐力训练方案(ME)和肌肉肥大训练方案(MH)心脏自主应答基本趋于一致,但肌肉最大力量训练方案(MM)在整个运动期间心率(HR)指标低于ME和MH(P0.05),运动中全部NN间期的标准差(SDNN)和心率变异性系数(SDNN/HR)指标略高于方案ME和MH,5min恢复期高低频比值(LF/HF)指标趋于安静状态。此外,运动后即刻MM血乳酸的浓度显著低于方案ME和MH(P0.05)。结论:方案MM在整个运动中交感活性程度相对增加,恢复期交感活性回落较快,表明不同力量训练方案对心脏自主神经功能产生影响存在差异,并可能对心脏的健康产生不同的影响。  相似文献   

7.
目的 :探讨不同负荷运动量对血清睾酮 (T)、游离睾酮 (FT)和皮质醇 (C)浓度的影响。方法 :对16名摔跤运动员训练当日晨 ,训练前 ,训练后即刻 ,次日晨和再次日晨抽取血液标本。结果 :小强度训练变化不明显 ,中、大强度训练前后血清T、FT和C均有明显变化。结论 :血清T、FT和C可作为观察运动量的指标。  相似文献   

8.
目的:研究不同训练方案的实施对武警战士有氧代谢能力的影响,为有针对性的选择训练方案提供理论和实践支持。方法:选择某2003年新训战士120名,单纯随机分为两组,每组60名,实验组进行持续跑和间歇跑交叉训练,对照组进行持续跑。检测定量负荷前后身体功能和生理生化指标:以亚极量踏阶运动间接法测定最大摄氧量(VO2max),用岛津UV-2100分光光度计(日产)和PE3000遥测心率仪(芬兰)分别测定各组间定量负荷后(2800m跑)不同阶段的血乳酸和心率变化,对检测结果进行统计分析。结果:阶段性训练后,实验组和对照组VO2max犤mL/(kg·min)〗分别为56.0±4.6和53±3.3,差异有显著性意义(P<0.01);定量负荷后,实验组的血乳酸(mmol/L)和心率(次/分)均低于对照组(血乳酸:6.8±1.1和7.9±1.6,P<0.01;心率:169.81±5.88和176.68±8.22,P<0.01);负荷后的恢复期,实验组的指标变化情况优于对照组(血乳酸:4.9±0.8和6.0±1.1,P<0.01;心率:144.31±9.09~91.90±8.54和151.4±10.85~96.18±7.43,P<0.05~0.01)。结论:持续跑和间歇跑的交叉训练方案对提高战士有氧代谢能力有显著效果,定量负荷后的生理生化指标的变化能够反映机体的有氧运动能力。  相似文献   

9.
目的观察运动疗法对冠心病患者冠状动脉球囊成形术(PTCA)或支架术后的影响。方法42例PTCA或支架术后患者随机分为运动组20例和对照组22例,同时进行心肺功能测定,运动组根据心肺功能测定结果制定运动处方,进行12周康复运动训练,对照组不进行训练。结果运动组训练后患者的运动时间、最大运动负荷量,心率增值运动中最高收缩压和心率-血压双每次积(RPP)、最大代谢当量、最大氧耗量和每分通气量有显著提高,而对照组则无明显变化。结论PTCA或支架术后病人坚持运动训练有益于体能的提高,心脏功能容量的增加。  相似文献   

10.
目的:就大学生篮球运动员负荷递增时心电图的变化进行分析,为运动干预提供理论依据。方法:于2001/2003选择烟台师范学院女子篮球队队员12人,采用日本三导心电图机,记录运动员安静状态,比赛前,比赛后及训练负荷递增时的心电图。结果:3年中通过对12名队员的心电图追踪检查,共测安静时心电图95人次,均为有效心电图,不同训练强度下心电图196人次,有效心电图189人次,有效率为96%。①12名运动员平均心率为53.9次/min,最低心率46次/min;最高为67次/min,窦性心动过缓8人(60次/min以下者)占66.7%。此外,篮球运动员随运动年限的增加,心率有减慢的趋势。②心电图的变化与训练强度密切相关。当强度负荷递增时,心电图改变增加,递增越快心电图的异常发生率越高,共有7人,可达58%。当心电图有变化的同时,对其进行负荷实验均为不正常型。紧张性增高型3人(43%),紧张性不全性2人(29%),无力型2人(29%)。结论:心电图的变化可反映不同训练阶段的运动员的心血管系统的功能及训练程度。当运动负荷递增时,尤其是强度负荷递增时,心电图的变化增多,其次是当强度符合递增速度过快时,心电图的变化增加。  相似文献   

11.
目的 通过记录多巴酚丁胺负荷超声心动图(DSE)每一阶段的心率,探讨DSE评价冠状动脉血流储备(CFR)的目标心率.方法 选择DSE的受检者33例作为研究对象,受检者静息状态下测量心率,并计算最大心率(HRmax),然后在DSE的每一阶段测量冠状动脉舒张期血流速度,并计算CFR,同时测量受检者的心率,用△HR表示心率的改变,对△HR与CFR以及HRmax百分比与CFR行Pearson相关分析.结果 随着多巴酚丁胺的剂量逐渐提高,受检者的冠脉血流速度与心率均逐渐升高,△HR与CFR呈正相关(r=0.84,P<0.05).同时,当△HR≥50次/min时,97.2%的患者CFR≥2(可信区间:93.2%~99.2%,P<0.01).HRmax百分比与CFR同样呈正相关(r=0.73,P<0.05),并且当心率达到75%HRmax时,95.6%的患者CFR≥2(可信区间:91.1%~99.0%).结论 临床仅需要在以受检者△HR≥50次/min,或75%HRmax为目标心率进行CFR测定,不需在DSE的每一阶段均测定受检者的CFR.  相似文献   

12.
Endurance exercise training produces numerous metabolic and cardiovascular effects. Metabolic adaptations include an increase in oxidative capacity of skeletal muscle (greater number and size of mitochondria); an increase in skeletal muscle myoglobin concentration; a greater ability to oxidize fatty acids for energy; and an increase in stored glycogen. Cardiovascular effects of training include a decrease in resting heart rate and heart rate response to submaximal exercise; an increase in resting and exercise stroke volume; an increase in maximal cardiac output; an increase in VO2max; and an increase in arteriovenous oxygen difference. Aerobic exercise training contributes to cardiovascular fitness, because it beneficially alters the coronary artery disease risk profile. An inverse relationship exists between physical fitness and resting heart rate, body weight, percent body fat, serum cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, and systolic blood pressure. In addition, exercise training increases the high-density lipoprotein fraction of total cholesterol. Endurance exercise is any activity that uses large muscle groups, can be performed continuously, and is rhythmic and aerobic in nature. To develop and maintain cardiovascular fitness, this exercise should be performed at a frequency of 3 to 5 days per week, an intensity of 60% to 90% HRmax or 50% to 85% HRmax reserve, and a duration of 20 to 60 minutes.  相似文献   

13.
Forty-three patients with the sick sinus syndrome (SSS) and 74 normal persons were examined. All the patients were subjected to bicycle ergometry. The lower limits of normal for the heart rate (HR) (in men and women separately) were established during exercise of varying intensity. In 66.7% of patients with the SSS, the HR during exercise was under normal. In a significant part of SSS patients, the reduction of the HR after exercise proceeded more rapidly than in normal subjects. The authors suggest a heart rate retardation index (HRRI) for recognizing the SSS, the diagnostic importance of which rises with an increase in the exercise intensity. The total sensitivity of both indices (the HR at the end of exercise and the HRRI) reaches 100%. It is concluded that the exercise test can be used for preliminary screening of patients with the SSS.  相似文献   

14.
PURPOSE: To compare the efficiency of two programs of exercise-based rehabilitation that are different for heart rate (HR) training in patients with coronary artery disease: heart rate (HR) according to Karvonen formula (HR training =70% (max HR -rest HR) +rest HR) or HR recorded at the gas exchange ventilatory threshold (VT).TYPE: Controlled randomised clinical trial.SETTING: Cardiovascular rehabilitation unit.METHOD: Twenty-four male patients (54 +/-9.5 years old) with coronary artery disease were allocated at random to one of the two groups: KHR group (n =13) according to Karvonen formula (n =11), and VTHR group according to VT determined by exertion test (n =13). The exercised-based program was similar for all the patients, differing only in HR training (five daily sessions a week for four weeks). Assessment tests were performed at D1 and D28 and included: - an exercise test with measure of HR and double product (HR x blood pressure) at rest, submaximal and maximal intensity, with measure of oxygen consumption and gas exchanges at rest and at maximum exercise; - specific functional tests based on daily life activities; - dyspnea assessment at maximal intensity; - quality of life measurement by SF36. It was taken notice of the drugs taken by the patients, specially betablockers.RESULTS: At inclusion, the two groups were not different for parametric (age, body mass index) and non parametric values (medical or surgical treatment, comorbidity). Even though HR training was significantly different (p <10(-6)), at the end of the program there was a significant increase of power and oxygen consumption at VT (+42.6%, p <10(-6); +18.6%, p <10(-5)) and at maximal intensity (+18.7 %, p <10(-6); 14.2 %, p <10(-5)), but differences between the two groups were not significant; double product was significantly lower at rest (-13.9 %, p <10(-5)) and at submaximal exertion (-10.6 %, p < 10(-3)). Yet, the two groups differed in HR, and HR increased in VTHR group and decreased in KHR, the difference being significant at VT (p =0.05), at submaximal (p =0.037) and maximal exercise (p = 0.05). Dyspnea at maximal intensity was higher in VTHR but SF36 values were not different.DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: These results confirm the efficiency of cardiac training program according to Karvonen formula as to ventilatory threshold. However, there is a negative chronotropic effect of cardiac training according to Karvonen formula with a higher intensity, which corresponds to a less cardiac work for a same activity.  相似文献   

15.

Background:

Walking is one of the most commonly recommended activities for sedentary individuals. When performed at the correct intensity, it can provide cardiovascular, respiratory, metabolic, and other benefits by providing a training effect in addition to reducing the risk of death from cardiovascular diseases and other chronic health conditions.

Objectives:

The primary aim of this study was to assess whether individuals who practiced regular unsupervised walking carry out the activity safely and with sufficient effort intensity parameters to have a positive physiological (training) effect. The secondary objective was to compare the training heart rate (HR) and the stability of the HR within the ideal range of training between the sexes.

Method:

Individuals were selected from walking tracks within the city of Belo Horizonte, Brazil. The study included subjects from 40 to 60 years of age who had practiced walking for at least two months prior to the study, walking at least three times a week. Individuals who agreed to participate in the survey were asked to walk 15 minutes at their usual pace with their HR measured every 5 minutes using a heart rate monitor. Their average walking HR was compared to the average training HR based on the formula: (220 - age) × 70 to 80% that would result in a positive physiological training effect.

Results:

Of the 142 individuals evaluated, 25.4% achieved the average training HR. This result was significantly lower than those who did not achieve the average training HR while walking (p=0.002). There were significant differences between men and women who had reached the training HR (p=0.0001).

Conclusion:

The authors found that individuals who walk regularly performed outside the range of the ideal HR intensity that would cause a positive physiological effect and therefore would probably not achieve a beneficial training effect while walking.  相似文献   

16.
The objective of this study was to determine the correlation, if any, between change in heart rate (HR) and change in pain in Emergency Department (ED) patients. This was a prospective, observational study of a convenience sample of patients presenting to an academic ED with pain. Heart rate and pain intensity (using a 100-mm visual analog scale) were determined at time of triage, 30 min post pain treatment, and at discharge. The correlation between change in HR and change in pain was determined using the Pearson correlation coefficient. Nine hundred seventy-five patients were enrolled in the study. The Pearson rho for 1143 correlations between change in HR and change in pain was 0.08 (95% CI 0.03-0.13). This study suggests that there is a poor correlation between change in pain intensity and change in heart rate among ED patients with acute pain.  相似文献   

17.
The objective of this cross‐sectional study was to analyse the acute effect of aquatic exercise on haemostasis in persons with haemophilia. Ten adult haemophiliacs (8 type A, 2 type B) familiarized with aquatic training performed a 20‐min exercise session in a swimming pool at an intensity of ~70% maximum heart rate (HR). Blood samples were collected immediately after the training session. The haemostatic parameters selected for analyses were factor VIII (FVIII), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen. There were unclear effects of the exercise bout on FVIII and APTT, with a possibly beneficial effect on PT (?11·4%; 90% confidence interval: ?26·1;3·3%), and a trivial change on fibrinogen levels. It was found an association between the mean rise in HR during exercise and the decrement in PT after exercise (r = 0·729; P = 0·026). The greater changes were observed in the patients diagnosed with a moderate level of haemophilia. It is concluded that a short bout of moderate intensity of aquatic exercise may have a positive influence on PT in adults with haemophilia with greater changes in those individuals exhibiting a greater rise in HR during exercise. This may be an important issue to the haemostatic control of haemophiliacs in clinical settings. Further studies are warranted for testing the influence of different aquatic exercise intensities on haemostasis.  相似文献   

18.
心电运动试验是诊断冠心病及心脏功能评估的重要方法,然常规运动试验有局限性.我们为探讨最大ST段/心率斜率(斜率)与心肌缺血的确切关系及意义,从实用角度出发,对斜率测试方法进行改良,对其诊断作了研究.对22例患者作下列两项检查:平板运动试验并测试最大ST段/心率斜率和2周内行静息与运动心肌灌注SPECT.结果发现:斜率在检测冠心病程度上准确度高于ST段压低及其它常规分级运动试验指标.  相似文献   

19.
动态心电图各指标与冠心病及其严重程度关系的探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 分析动态心电图 (AECG)各指标与冠状动脉病变及其严重程度的关系。方法 选择 12 6例同期行冠状动脉造影 (CAG)和 2 4hAECG监测的患者 ,按CAG结果分组 ,对AECG所获得的各项指标进行统计学分析和比较。结果 ①病变组与对照组在最慢心率、最快心率、ST段压低程度、ST/HR、T波变化指标上两组间比较差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 1) ,而在各种类型的心律失常、平均心率指标上差异无显著意义 (P>0 .0 5 )。②单支、双支、三支病变组间比较 ,平均心率、最慢心率及ST、ST/HR指标上差异有显著意义 (P <0 0 1) ;室早 (VE)、成对室早 (VE Pair)、室速 (VT)的数量虽有递增趋势 ,但三组之间差异无显著意义 (P >0 0 5 )。③多元Logistic回归及多元线性回归分析显示 :ST、ST/HR与冠脉病变范围及程度呈正相关。结论 ①ST、ST/HR指标与冠脉病变范围及程度呈正相关 ,可以反映冠心病及其病变严重程度。②AECG中心律失常类型及数量均不能作为冠心病的诊断指标。  相似文献   

20.
对400例正常中老年人和400例患各种心脏病中老年患者进行24小时动态心电图观察。发现其最慢心率(HRmin)、最慢一小时平均心率(HRminD)和最快心率多集中在3:00~9:00。HRminD几乎均发生在觉醒前一小时内。分析还发现复杂心律失常、缺血型ST段改变于晨起活动心率加快时增加。在老年疾病组的这种心率晨间变化特点尤其明显(P<0.01)。故认为HRmin和HRmax的反转是引起晨间心、脑卒中的病理、生理因素之一。  相似文献   

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