不同剂量辛伐他汀治疗对不稳定性心绞痛患者早期血脂及C反应蛋白的影响

目的:探讨不同剂量辛伐他汀对不稳定性心绞痛(UA)患者早期血脂和高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)的影响.方法:本研究入选124例UA患者,分为两组:辛伐他汀A组73例,在常规治疗基础上加用辛伐他汀20 mgd-1;辛伐他汀B组51例,在常规治疗基础上加用辛伐他汀40 mgd-1,两组均于入院第2天及1周后抽血测定总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C),脂蛋白(a)[LP(a)]及高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平.结果:辛伐他汀A组和辛伐他汀B组治疗1周后检测TC,LDL-C水平较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01),且B组TG下降显著(P<0.05).辛伐他汀B组治疗1周后hs-CRP水平较治疗前有下降,但不具有统计学差异(P>0.05).结论:辛伐他汀对不稳定性心绞痛患者早期即具有调脂作用,但未显示有抗炎作用.     

胰岛素强化治疗对非糖尿病急性心肌梗死患者血清炎症因子和脂联素水平的影响

[目的]探讨胰岛素强化治疗对非糖尿病急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者血清炎症因子和脂联素水平的影响.[方法]68例未合并糖尿病的AMI患者随机分为常规治疗组(n=34)和胰岛素强化治疗组(n=34).常规组使用常规药物治疗;胰岛素强化治疗组在常规治疗基础上加用胰岛素治疗,将血糖维持在4.4～6.1mmol/L.分别于治疗前和治疗24h、72h抽血测定IL-6、脂联素及超敏C反应蛋白(CRP)水平.同时设70例正常健康人群用于分析比较.用酶联免疫吸附法检测IL-6、脂联素,用免疫比浊法测定CRP.[结果]①与健康对照组相比,非糖尿病AMI患者外周血IL-6(18.2±5.8 ng/L vs.5.4±2.1 ng/L,P<0.05)和CRP(8.1±3.2 mg/L vs.2.3±0.9 mg/L,P<0.05)均有显著性升高;而脂联素的水平呈显著性降低趋势(4.0±1.7mg/L vs.8.5±1.6 mg/L,P<0.05).②脂联素的水平在胰岛素强化治疗24h后即有显著性上升(6.2±2.3 mg/L VS.3.9±1.7 mg/L,P<0.05),而外周血IL-6(9.5±3.6 ng/L vs.18.4±6.2 ng/L,P<0.05)、CRP的水平(5.6±1.3 mg/L vs.8.4±3.7 mg/L,P<0.05)在胰岛素强化治疗72h后有显著性降低.[结论]胰岛素强化治疗可升高非糖尿病AMI患者的血清脂联素水平,同时降低IL-6和CRP等炎症因子水平.     

通心络胶囊对不稳定性心绞痛患者C反应蛋白的影响

目的 探讨通心络胶囊对不稳定性心绞痛(UA)患者C反应蛋白(CRP)水平的影响.方法 66例UA患者随机分为对照组(n=34)和通心络组(n=32),对照组予阿司匹林、氟伐他汀、美托洛尔或地尔硫卓口服8周,通心络组在上述治疗的基础上联合通心络胶囊,分别在治疗前、治疗2周、4周和8周后,应用速率散射比浊法测定血清CRP浓度.结果 2组患者在治疗2周、4周和8周后,血清CRP浓度均明显低于治疗前(P＜0.05.P＜0.01,P＜0.001),其中,在治疗4周和8周后.2组患者CRP浓度无差异,但在治疗2周后,通心络组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 uA患者早期联合通心络胶囊有助于降低血清CRP水平,改善预后.     

脂联素对冠心病心绞痛保护作用的研究

目的 联合多个炎症指标探讨脂联素在冠心病心绞痛中的保护作用.方法 检测了51例稳定性心绞痛病人,45例不稳定心绞痛病人和正常对照24例的血清脂联素、C反应蛋白、肌钙蛋白Ⅰ以及血浆纤维蛋白原的水平.结果 不稳定性心绞痛组与健康对照组比较四项指标差异显著(P＜0.01),而不稳定性心绞痛组与稳定心绞痛组相比.脂联素、纤维蛋白原、C反应蛋白有显著差异(P＜0.05);不稳定心绞痛组脂联素与C反应蛋白呈明显负相关(r=-0.554,P＜0.001),而与其它指标无显著相关;稳定性心绞痛组脂联素与其它指标亦无显著相关.结论 脂联素在冠心病心绞痛中可能起一定保护作用;脂联素水平低.可较好预测不稳定心绞痛的发生.     

超敏C反应蛋白、脂联素水平与急性脑梗死灶大小相关性观察

[目的]探讨急性脑梗死患者血清中超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、脂联素的水平与急性脑梗死灶大小的相关性.[方法]收集本院确诊为急性脑梗死患者114例,按脑梗死灶大小分三组,另设健康体检者84例为对照组,测定血清中hs-CRP及脂联素水平.[结果]血清脂联素水平随梗死病灶增大而降低,hs-CRP随梗死病灶增大而升高(P＜...     

急性冠状动脉综合征患者妊娠相关蛋白A与脂联素相关性研究

目的 探讨急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清妊娠相关蛋白A、脂联素、C反应蛋白水平及其相关性,为识别不稳定斑块提供血清学指标. 方法 对61例急性冠状动脉综合征患者（22例急性心肌梗死、19例不稳定型心绞痛、20例稳定型心绞痛）及22例非冠心病患者（对照组）进行血清妊娠相关蛋白A、脂联素、C反应蛋白水平测定分析. 结果 血清妊娠相关蛋白A测定,对照组和稳定性心绞痛组均显著低于不稳定型心绞痛组和急性心肌梗死组（P＜0.01）;脂联素水平测定从高到低依次为对照组＞稳定性心绞痛组＞不稳定型心绞痛组＞急性心肌梗死组,差异均有极显著性（P＜0.01）;C反应蛋白水平测定从高到低依次为不稳定型心绞痛组＞急性心肌梗死组＞稳定性心绞痛组＞对照组,差异均有极显著性（P＜0.01）.妊娠相关蛋白A与C反应蛋白水平呈显著正相关（R=0.668,P＜0.01）,与脂联素呈显著负相关（R=-0.589,P＜0.01）;脂联素与与C反应蛋白水平呈显著负相关（R=-0.855,P＜0.01）. 结论 急性冠状动脉综合征患者血清妊娠相关蛋白A水平明显升高,且与斑块不稳定性相关;妊娠相关蛋白A与脂联素可能共同作用于急性冠状动脉综合征的发生过程.     

临床用药对不稳定型心绞痛患者脂联素和相关指标的影响

目的探讨阿托伐他汀对不稳定型心绞痛（UAP）患者脂联素以及其他炎性指标的影响。方法48例UAP患者随机分成常规组和阿托伐他汀组，常规组使用常规药物治疗，阿托伐他汀组在常规治疗基础上加用阿托伐他汀20mg／d，均治疗2周，分别于治疗前和治疗后2周抽血测定脂联素及其他相关指标。同时设45例健康人群作为健康对照组。结果与健康对照组相比，UAP患者的血清脂联素显著降低，而炎性反应因子超敏C反应蛋白（hs-CRP）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）显著升高。治疗后阿托伐他汀组和常规组hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6均下降，但阿托伐他汀组治疗后较常规组明显下降（P〈0．05）。阿托伐他汀组治疗后血清脂联素明显升高。结论阿托伐他汀治疗能降低UAP患者hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平，有助于纠正UAP患者的炎性反应因子水平。     

辛伐他汀对不稳定性心绞痛患者凝血/纤溶系统的影响及其机制

【目的】观察较大剂量辛伐他汀治疗不稳定性心绞痛患者一周后凝血纤溶指标及血清高敏C反应蛋白（hs—CRP）的变化,以了解短期辛伐他汀治疗对斑块稳定和免疫炎症抑制的影响。[方法]84例不稳定性心绞痛患者随机分为常规组（不服用任何调脂药物,42例）和辛伐他汀组（40mg／d,42例）,另有40例非心血管疾病患者为对照组,测定治疗前后凝血纤溶指标、hs-CRP和血脂水平的变化。【结果】不稳定性心绞痛两组治疗前后血脂各组成分的变化差异均无显著性,而辛伐他汀组治疗后血浆FVIIc、FG和PAI较治疗前明显下降,tPA有所升高,而hs—CRP水平明显降低,且血清hs—CRP水平下降与LDL—C及HDL—C水平变化均无相关性。【结论】在不稳定性心绞痛患者早期予以辛伐他汀治疗,可明显影响血浆炎症因子及凝血纤溶因子的水平、可能有利于动脉粥样硬化斑块的稳定。     

冠心病患者血清脂联素、高敏C反应蛋白、血尿酸水平变化的观察

目的 探讨冠状动脉粥样硬化性心脏病患者血清脂联素、高敏C反应蛋白（hsCRP）及血尿酸浓度变化的临床意义.方法 选择116例冠心病患者,其中,35例稳定型心绞痛（SAP）作为SAP组,43例不稳定心绞痛（USAP）作为USAP组,38例急性心肌梗死（AMI）作为AMI组.将40例健康体检者作为对照组.所有受试者均清晨空腹采血,检测血清脂联素、hsCRP及血尿酸浓度.结果 SAP组患者血清脂联素浓度与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）,UAP组和AMI组患者血清脂联素浓度明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）,SAP、UAP、AMI组患者的血清脂联素浓度依次递减;冠心病组患者血清hsCRP和血尿酸浓度均明显高于对照组（P〈0.01）,且AMI组高于UAP、SAP组（P〈0.01）,UAP组高于SAP组（P〈0.01）.结论 血清脂联素、hsCRP和血尿酸水平检测对冠心病的病情判断有重要价值.     

血清脂联素、同型半胱氨酸、超敏C反应蛋白、胰岛素抵抗与2型糖尿病大血管病变关系的研究

[目的]探讨血清脂联素(APN)、同型半胱氨酸(tHcy)、超敏C反应蛋白(hsCRP)、稳态模型评估的胰岛素抵抗指数(Homa-IR)与2型糖尿病(T2DM)大血管病变的关系.[方法]将受试者分为对照组、T2DM无血管病变组(DM1组,n=45)和大血管病变组(DM2,n=65).测定血清APN、t-Hcy、hsCRP及相关指标,计算Homa IR.[结果]①单因素方差分析显示,DM2组病程、腰围(WC)、空腹血糖(FPG)、餐后2h血糖(2hPG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1C)、Homa-IR、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、tHcy、hs-CRP等指标均显著高于DM1和对照组,而APN却显著低于其他两组(P＜0.05).②多元逐步回归分析表明WC(R2 =-0.37)、HOMA-IR(R2=-0.49)、hs-CRP(R2=-0.37)、tHcy(R2=-0.21)是影响APN的重要因素(P＜0.05).③Logistic回归分析显示血清APN、tHcy、hsCRP和HOMA-IR水平增高是糖尿病大血管病变的独立的危险因素.[结论]APN、tHcy、hsCRP、HOMA-IR参与了糖尿病大血管并发症的发生.APN可能通过减少炎症因子表达,减轻胰岛素抵抗,从而防治糖尿病大血管并发症的发生.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography

Details are given of a new, rapid and simple pre-fractionation method and an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system suitable for parallel analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from urine and other biological fluids. The quantitative recovery and excellent reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by analysis of representative standard RNA catabolites. The advantage of this new method for application to biological samples is discussed.     

Adsorption of Charged Non-albumin Bound Drugs by Amorphous Silica

We investigated the in vitro drug adsorption of PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel (AIS, Santa Clara, CA) with particle size of 230 um and surface area of 400 nr/g. We observed 99% to 88% adsorption of gentamicin; a mean 91 % of disopyramide; a mean 89% of quinidine at low concentration, falling to 75% at higher concentration. Insulin was 88% adsorbed at low concentrations but less so (65%) at higher concentrations. We observed a mean 83 % adsorption of procainamide, a mean 84% of N-acetyl procainamide, 74% oflidocaine, 73% of amitriptyline; and 44% of desipramine. We found an average 14% reduction of total digoxin concentration when serum containing digoxin (2 to 33 ng/mL) was exposed to sodium silicate, while the reduction in free digoxin concentration was 16%. Five percent ethosuximide was also removed. The adsorption of theophylline, phenobarbital, acetaminophen, phenytoin, ethylene glycol, methotrexate, salicylate, thiocyanate and diazepam was minimal and not significant. We conclude that significant amounts of charged, non-albumin bound drugs can be removed by PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel.     

自动化酸碱平衡图在急诊社区获得性肺炎诊治中的应用

目的 探讨自动化酸碱平衡图在急诊科社区获得性肺炎(CAP)患者诊断中的价值.方法 根据病史、肺功能测定结果、慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)诊断标准,将111例CAP患者分为单纯CAP组(56例)和COPD合并CAP组[即慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)组,55例].询问患者病史后即刻抽取动脉血测血气并进行自动化酸碱平衡图分析.结果 血气分析结果显示,AECOPD组动脉血二氧化碳分压(PaCO2,kPa)、HCO3- (mmol/L)、剩余碱(BE,mmol/L)均显著高于CAP组(PaCO2:7.714±2.414比5.896±1.308,HCO3-:30.767±7.185比25.014±3.043,BE:4.345±5.371比-0.354±3.180,均P＜0.01).自动化酸碱平衡图分析结果显示,AECOPD组患者酸碱平衡紊乱高达89.1％,CAP组为66.1％.将AECOPD组和CAP组患者中正常(10.9％、33.9％)、急性呼吸性酸中毒(急性呼酸,12.7％、14.3％)、慢性呼吸性酸中毒(慢性呼酸,49.1％、10.7％)、呼吸性碱中毒(呼碱,7.3％、14.3％)、代谢性酸中毒(代酸,12.7％、17.9％)、代谢性碱中毒(代碱,12.7％、8.9％)综合进行x2分析,差异有统计学意义(x2=24.421,P=0.001),而将正常、急性呼酸、呼碱、代酸及代碱进行x2分析,差异无统计学意义(x2=5.280,P=0.260),提示AECOPD患者慢性呼酸的发生率较单纯CAP患者显著增加.结论 自动化酸碱平衡图能帮助急诊科医师快速识别CAP患者是否存在多重酸碱平衡紊乱,并可快速识别急、慢性呼吸系统疾病.