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1.
目的:研究运动训练对脑梗死急性期大鼠神经功能恢复及梗死边缘区皮质神经细胞自噬及凋亡的影响。方法:建立大脑中动脉闭塞再灌注模型,并分成运动训练组、对照组和假手术组。运动训练组大鼠给予运动训练;对照组与假手术组则不予以任何针对性训练。造模术后第3、7、14d采用改良神经损伤程度评分(mNSS)对各组大鼠进行功能评估,同时以尼氏染色法测量脑梗死体积,免疫荧光方法观察梗死边缘区皮质自噬标志物LC3-Ⅱ及凋亡标志物TUNEL的表达情况。结果:造模术后14d运动训练组大鼠mNSS及脑梗死体积均优于对照组,差别具有显著性意义(P0.05)。运动训练组大鼠梗死边缘区皮质LC3-Ⅱ阳性细胞数在造模后14d少于对照组(P0.05)。相关性分析结果显示LC3-Ⅱ阳性细胞数与mNSS(r=0.901,P0.001)及梗死体积(r=0.832,P0.001)成正相关。TUNEL阳性细胞数在造模后7、14d均少于对照组(P0.001),且44.6%的LC3-Ⅱ与TUNEL存在共定位。结论:运动训练能够促进脑梗死急性期大鼠神经功能恢复,其机制可能与其减少梗死边缘区神经细胞自噬及凋亡有关。  相似文献   

2.
目的观察强化运动训练对脑缺血再灌注大鼠神经功能恢复和脑内kalirin-7表达的影响,并探讨强化运动训练改善脑缺血再灌注大鼠神经功能的可能机制。 方法取雄性Wistar大鼠45只,采用线栓法制成左侧大脑中动脉缺血再灌注(MCAO)动物模型,按随机数字表法将45只大鼠分为模型组、普通训练组、强化训练组(每组各15只),另取15只大鼠设为假手术组。模型组和假手术组大鼠不做运动训练;普通训练组大鼠和强化训练组分别进行普通运动训练和强化运动训练。于造模成功后第3、7、14天,普通训练组和强化训练组大鼠跑台训练结束后,采用Zausinger评分对4组大鼠进行神经功能缺损评定,然后采用western blotting法检测梗死灶及其周围皮质kalirin-7蛋白的表达,最后采用RT-PCR法检测梗死灶及其周围皮质kalirin-7 mRNA的表达。 结果3组大鼠造模后各时间点的Zausinger评分均低于假手术组同时间点,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);造模成功后第7、14天,强化训练组的Zausinger评分均高于普通训练组同时间点,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。3组大鼠造模后各时间点的梗死灶及其周围皮质kalirin-7蛋白表达量均低于假手术组同时间点,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);造模成功后第7、14天,普通训练组和强化训练组的梗死灶及其周围皮质kalirin-7蛋白表达量明显高于模型组同时间点(P<0.05),且强化训练组的梗死灶及其周围皮质kalirin-7蛋白表达量亦显著高于普通训练组同时间点(P<0.05)。3组大鼠造模后各时间点的梗死灶及其周围皮质kalirin-7 mRNA表达量均低于假手术组同时间点,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);造模成功后第14天,普通训练组和强化训练组的梗死灶及其周围皮质kalirin-7 mRNA表达量均高于模型组同时间点(P<0.05),且强化训练组的梗死灶及其周围皮质kalirin-7 mRNA表达量亦高于普通训练组同时间点,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论强化运动训练可促进脑缺血再灌注大鼠神经功能恢复,增加脑缺血再灌注损伤大鼠kalirin-7的表达,且效果均优于普通运动训练。  相似文献   

3.
康复训练对脑缺血损伤大鼠血管生成素的影响   总被引:7,自引:3,他引:4  
目的:研究运动训练能否促进大鼠局部脑缺血再灌注后的功能恢复并从血管生成素及其受体的角度探讨其机制。方法:成年雄性SD大鼠18只,随机分成运动组、静止组、假手术组。每组6只。大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)法造模24h后,运动组给予2周的电动跑台训练,每天30min。采用神经行为学评分、脑梗死体积评价神经功能恢复情况;免疫组化法从蛋白水平观察Ang-1、2,Tie-2的表达情况。结果:2周后,运动组的神经行为学评分高于静止组,脑梗死体积减小具有显著性意义,Ang-1、Tie-2的蛋白表达显著高于静止组与假手术组。结论:运动训练能够促进脑缺血大鼠神经功能恢复.这种改变可能与Antg/Tie-2通路的上调有关。  相似文献   

4.
目的:探讨运动训练对急性脑缺血大鼠神经功能及脑皮质梗死边缘区细胞增殖与凋亡的影响.方法:采用改良Zea-Longa线栓法制作大脑中动脉阻塞(MCAO)模型,将大鼠随机分成运动训练组(n=15)、对照组(n=15)和假手术组(n=9).运动训练组大鼠从术后1d开始每天予以跑笼运动训练;对照组和假手术组大鼠置于普通笼内饲养,不予以任何针对性训练.3组大鼠在造模术后1d、8d和15d分别进行神经功能评分(mMSS),并采用Ki67免疫荧光、TUNEL法分别观察脑皮质梗死边缘区细胞增殖、凋亡,以Western印迹法检测Bcl-2与Bax蛋白表达的情况.结果:在造模术后8d和15d,训练组大鼠的神经功能评分(mNSS)均明显优于对照组,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);免疫荧光结果显示,训练组大鼠脑皮质梗死边缘区Ki67阳性细胞增加,且以造模术后8d最明显,与对照组相比,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05);在造模术后8d和15d,训练组TUNEL阳性细胞数较对照组明显减少,同时,训练组梗死边缘区Bcl-2的表达高于对照组,Bax的表达低于对照组.结论:运动训练能够促进急性脑梗死大鼠神经功能的恢复,其机制可能与促进皮质梗死边缘区细胞增殖、减少细胞凋亡有关.  相似文献   

5.
目的:探讨超早期和早期运动训练对脑梗死急性期大鼠神经功能恢复的影响及梗死边缘区皮质神经细胞坏死及凋亡在其中的作用。方法:将成年雄性SD大鼠104只,采用改良Zea-Longa线栓法制作左侧大脑中动脉阻塞再灌注模型,随机分为5组:超早期训练组(31只)、早期训练组(22只)、超早期对照组(23只)、早期对照组(23只)、假手术组(5只)。训练组大鼠分别于术后24h、48h开始每天予以跑笼运动训练;对照组和假手术组大鼠置于普通笼内饲养,不予以任何针对性训练。各组大鼠在造模术后24h、运动训练前和运动训练第14d分别进行神经功能评分。训练3d后检测脑组织含水量,训练14d后检测梗死体积并采用尼氏染色、TUNEL法分别观察脑皮质梗死边缘区细胞坏死、凋亡的情况。结果:随机分组后,超早期训练组的死亡率高于早期训练组的死亡率(41.94%vs 18.18%)。训练第14d,早期训练组的mNSS评分均明显优于其对照组(P0.05);早期组(训练组-对照组)mNSS评分差值与超早期组mNSS评分差值之间比较有显著性差异(P0.05)。训练3d后,超早期训练组的脑组织含水量较其对照组明显增加(P0.05);早期训练组的脑组织含水量较其对照组无明显差异(P0.05)。训练14d后,超早期训练组的脑梗死体积与其对照组比较无明显差异(P0.05);早期训练组的脑梗死体积均明显小于其对照组(P0.05);各训练组与相应的对照组梗死体积的比值示早期组小于超早期组(P0.05)。超早期训练组梗死边缘区的神经细胞数量、TUNEL阳性细胞数与其对照组相比无明显差异(P0.05);早期训练组梗死边缘区的神经细胞数量明显多于其对照组(P0.05),TUNEL阳性细胞数较其对照组明显减少(P0.05)。结论:早期运动训练与超早期运动训练相比,可以显著改善急性脑梗死大鼠的神经功能,其机制可能与减少梗死边缘区神经细胞的坏死与凋亡有关。  相似文献   

6.
目的通过观测小剂量超短波(USW)对大鼠脑缺血再灌注后脑梗死体积,脑组织中B细胞淋巴细胞瘤-xl(Bcl-xl)及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)表达的影响,进一步探讨小剂量USW对脑缺血再灌注损伤保护作用的机制。方法用线栓法制备一侧大脑中动脉栓塞再灌注大鼠模型,造成大鼠右脑缺血2h再灌注24h,采用Longa5级评分法评定神经功能缺损程度。大鼠按体重随机分成空白对照组、对照组及超短波治疗组(USW组),后2组选择Longa5级评分法为2分的大鼠。所选大鼠均于再灌注24h后断头取脑,分别测定脑梗死灶体积、脑组织中Bcl-xl及TNF-α的表达。结果与对照组比较,USW组梗死体积及梗死体积占全脑体积的百分比均降低,差异具有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。与对照组比较,USW组脑组织中Bcl-xl表达增加,TNF-α水平降低,差异均具有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论小剂量超短波可通过增加Bcl-xl表达,降低TNF-α水平而抑制脑神经细胞凋亡,挽救半暗带,缩小脑梗死灶,减小梗死体积,从而保护脑缺血再灌注后损伤神经,进而提高治疗效果。  相似文献   

7.
目的采用Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型,观察神经功能缺损评分、脑梗死体积及脑组织病理形态改变,探讨阿司匹林联合盐酸氟桂利嗪预处理对SD大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤是否有保护作用。方法36只雄性健康sD大鼠,随机分为2组:对照组(n=18)、阿司匹林+盐酸氟桂利嗪组(治疗组,n=18),各组按脑缺血90min再灌注3h(n=6)、6h(n=6)、24h(n=6)分为3个亚组。比较两组在相同再灌注各时间点神经功能缺损评分、脑梗死体积和脑组织病理形态的改变。结果治疗组相同再灌注各时间点神经功能缺损评分优于对照组(P〈0.05);脑梗死体积明显小于对照组(P〈0.05);与对照组相比,治疗组变性、坏死的神经元减少,空泡化改变减轻,组织间水肿减轻。结论阿司匹林联合盐酸氟桂利嗪预处理能减轻SD大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注损伤,减轻神经功能缺损症状,缩小梗死体积,减轻神经细胞变性、坏死及组织水肿。  相似文献   

8.
目的探讨运动训练结合电针治疗对脑缺血再灌注大鼠海马齿状回区巢蛋白表达的影响。方法54只Wistar大鼠随机分为造模对照组(A组)、运动训练组(B组)和运动训练结合电针治疗组(c组),采用大鼠局灶性脑缺血再灌注模型,大脑中动脉阻塞lh,再灌注7,14和21d,应用免疫组织化学方法分别检测各组大鼠缺血侧和对侧海马齿状回区巢蛋白的表达情况。结果3组大鼠均表现为7d时的海马区阳性细胞最多。而且在各时间点的缺血侧海马DG区的巢蛋白阳性细胞数均明显多于对侧DG区(P〈0.01)。7,14和21d时,c组和B组大鼠缺血侧海马区巢蛋白阳性细胞较A组明显增多,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01),7d和14d时,c组大鼠缺血侧海马区巢蛋白阳性细胞较B组亦明显增多(P〈0.01)。结论脑缺血再灌注大鼠海马区巢蛋白阳性细胞的增多存在时间规律及原位增殖特性,运动训练和电针治疗可显著增加巢蛋白阳性表达的数量。  相似文献   

9.
运动训练对脑梗死大鼠行为学及NF200表达变化的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:研究运动训练对脑梗死大鼠行为学的影响并从神经可塑性角度探讨其机制。方法:用线栓法制作大鼠大脑中动脉闭塞(MCAO)脑梗死模型,56只Wistar大鼠随机分为假手术组、模型组和康复组。康复组于手术后5天开始进行滚筒、转棒、平衡木、网屏训练,每日40min,每周6次,共5周,假手术组与模型组则维持原来生活状态。对大鼠进行神经功能、运动能力和学习记忆能力测评观察其行为学变化,免疫组化法观察缺血区神经丝蛋白200(NF200)的表达变化。结果:康复组大鼠神经功能、运动能力、学习记忆能力优于模型组,神经功能在3周差异有显著性意义(P〈0.05),其转棒实验和平衡木实验在3周、5周(P〈0.01—0.05)差异有显著性意义,网屏实验在3周、5周差异有显著性意义(P〈0.05),学习记忆能力在5周有极显著性意义(P〈0.01)。康复组大鼠缺血区NF200蛋白质阳性表达较模型组增多,在3周时差异有显著性意义(P〈0.05),5周时有极显著性意义(P〈0.01)。结论:运动训练促进脑梗死大鼠神经功能、运动能力、学习记忆能力的恢复,其机制可能与缺血区NF200蛋白质表达上调有关。  相似文献   

10.
目的 研究行为学训练对大鼠海马梗死后齿状回区多聚唾液酸神经细胞黏附分子(PSA-NCAM)表达及对神经干细胞迁移能力的影响。方法 将68只SD大鼠随机分为训练组(32只)、制动组(32只)及正常对照组(4只)。采用光化学法将训练组及制动组大鼠制成单侧海马区梗死模型,训练组大鼠于造模1 d后给予水迷宫训练,制动组大鼠于造模1 d后给予制动处理,观察各组大鼠海马齿状回区及梗死灶周围PSA-NCAM在不同时间点(实验后3,7,14,21,28,35,42及49 d)的表达情况。结果 正常对照组大鼠海马齿状回区PSA-NCAM有一定程度表达;与正常对照组比较,训练组在3,7,21及28 d时及制动组在14 d时其梗死侧齿状回区PSA-NCAM表达均有显著增高(P〈0.05);而且训练组大鼠3,7,21及28 d时的PSA-NCAM表达显著高于制动组(P〈0.05)。训练组梗死灶对侧齿状回区PSA-NCAM表达在28 d及35 d时均明显高于正常对照组(P〈0.05),并且在第28天时也明显高于同期制动组(P〈0.01)。制动组及训练组大鼠脑梗死灶周边区均未见PSA-NCAM表达。结论 行为学训练能显著增强PSA-NCAM在脑梗死大鼠海马齿状回区的表达,而且还可增强神经干细胞的迁移能力,促进神经功能恢复。  相似文献   

11.
本文详细介绍了创伤后血糖应激适度理论,以及高血糖与感染和多器官功能不全综合征的关系;提出涉及胰岛B细胞功能不全的MODS实验诊断新方案和极化液个体化干预新措施,可早期发现创伤MODS、降低感染率及MODS发生率和病死率。  相似文献   

12.
目的:探讨腹膜后纤维化(RPF)导致肾积水的原因及诊治经验。方法:回顾分析2004年1月—2010年12月24例腹膜后纤维化致肾积水患者的诊治资料。结果:(1)RPF患者常见首发症状为腰背痛或腹痛(69.2%);(2)红细胞沉降率(ESR)增快和血清IgG4升高最常见。超声检查仅提示上尿路积水。RPF的静脉肾盂造影(IVP)和CT尿路成像(CTU)表现具有特征性。IVP肾盂输尿管显影不良时,CTU能较清晰的显示上尿路影像。CT扫描发现腹膜后软组织肿块9例(37.5%),优于超声检查;(3)输尿管松解和腹腔化手术治疗22例;行肾切除术1例;行输尿管置双J管术1例。最终确诊为继发性RPF8例,其中4例为术前诊断,3例为术中腹膜后软组织肿块冷冻活检证实,1例为术后病理证实;(4)特发性RPF手术后肾积水均获长期缓解,而继发性RPF的预后取决于原发疾病及其治疗方案。结论:影像学检查是诊断RPF的重要手段,CTU优于超声检查和IVP。输尿管松解和腹腔化手术可以使特发性RPF输尿管梗阻得到长期的缓解,术中对肿块进行冷冻活检有助于鉴别特发性和继发性RPF,及时调整治疗方案。  相似文献   

13.
It is remarkable that migraine is a prominent part of the phenotype of several genetic vasculopathies, including cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leucoencephalopathy (CADASIL), retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy (RVCL) and hereditary infantile hemiparessis, retinal arteriolar tortuosity and leukoencephalopahty (HIHRATL). The mechanisms by which these genetic vasculopathies give rise to migraine are still unclear. Common genetic susceptibility, increased susceptibility to cortical spreading depression (CSD) and vascular endothelial dysfunction are among the possible explanations. The relation between migraine and acquired vasculopathies such as ischaemic stroke and coronary heart disease has long been established, further supporting a role of the (cerebral) blood vessels in migraine. This review focuses on genetic and acquired vasculopathies associated with migraine. We speculate how genetic and acquired vascular mechanisms might be involved in migraine.  相似文献   

14.
Fibrinogen and fibrin structure and functions   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
Fibrinogen molecules are comprised of two sets of disulfide-bridged Aalpha-, Bbeta-, and gamma-chains. Each molecule contains two outer D domains connected to a central E domain by a coiled-coil segment. Fibrin is formed after thrombin cleavage of fibrinopeptide A (FPA) from fibrinogen Aalpha-chains, thus initiating fibrin polymerization. Double-stranded fibrils form through end-to-middle domain (D:E) associations, and concomitant lateral fibril associations and branching create a clot network. Fibrin assembly facilitates intermolecular antiparallel C-terminal alignment of gamma-chain pairs, which are then covalently 'cross-linked' by factor XIII ('plasma protransglutaminase') or XIIIa to form 'gamma-dimers'. In addition to its primary role of providing scaffolding for the intravascular thrombus and also accounting for important clot viscoelastic properties, fibrin(ogen) participates in other biologic functions involving unique binding sites, some of which become exposed as a consequence of fibrin formation. This review provides details about fibrinogen and fibrin structure, and correlates this information with biological functions that include: (i) suppression of plasma factor XIII-mediated cross-linking activity in blood by binding the factor XIII A2B2 complex. (ii) Non-substrate thrombin binding to fibrin, termed antithrombin I (AT-I), which down-regulates thrombin generation in clotting blood. (iii) Tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA)-stimulated plasminogen activation by fibrin that results from formation of a ternary tPA-plasminogen-fibrin complex. Binding of inhibitors such as alpha2-antiplasmin, plasminogen activator inhibitor-2, lipoprotein(a), or histidine-rich glycoprotein, impairs plasminogen activation. (iv) Enhanced interactions with the extracellular matrix by binding of fibronectin to fibrin(ogen). (v) Molecular and cellular interactions of fibrin beta15-42. This sequence binds to heparin and mediates platelet and endothelial cell spreading, fibroblast proliferation, and capillary tube formation. Interactions between beta15-42 and vascular endothelial (VE)-cadherin, an endothelial cell receptor, also promote capillary tube formation and angiogenesis. These activities are enhanced by binding of growth factors like fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and cytokines like interleukin (IL)-1. (vi) Fibrinogen binding to the platelet alpha(IIb)beta3 receptor, which is important for incorporating platelets into a developing thrombus. (vii) Leukocyte binding to fibrin(ogen) via integrin alpha(M)beta2 (Mac-1), which is a high affinity receptor on stimulated monocytes and neutrophils.  相似文献   

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Summary. Telemedicine and teleradiology hold the key for improving future health care delivery. In this paper we first review current communication and computer technologies used in telemedicine and teleradiology. Five examples in teleradiology applications are given including hospital-integrated picture archiving and communication systems, tele-neuro-imaging, telemammography, university consortium teleradiology service, and teleradiology for second opinion. Parameters important to teleradiology applications like costs, image quality, system reliability, and turn around time are considered. Data security is discussed, including patient confidentiality and image authenticity-which will be a major issue in future teleradiology applications.  相似文献   

17.
目的探讨儿童慢性顽固性咳嗽与肺炎支原体(MP)感染的关系及临床疗效观察。方法采用回顾性研究方法对于现将2005年3月至2008年3月在我院的55例确诊慢性顽固性咳嗽患儿,主要表现为肺炎支原体感染为临床特点进行分析,并进一步临床治疗研究。结果①临床特点:在55例确诊慢性咳嗽的患儿中,以慢性顽固性咳嗽为主要症状。58%(32/55)的病例无肺部体征;②外周血:85%(47/55)的病例外周血变化不大,WBC(4—10)×10 9/L之间,嗜酸性粒细胞增多;③特别检查:47.27%(26/55)肺炎支原体IgM(MP—IgM)抗体阳性,83.64%(46/55)PeR技术检测肺炎支原体特异性DNA;④X光报告为多种形式。结论肺炎支原体(MP)感染是引起儿童慢性顽固性咳嗽的病因之一,对儿童慢性咳嗽,特别是顽固性咳嗽的诊治中应更加重视。  相似文献   

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Designing interprofessional primary care teams composed of physicians and nurse practitioners (NPs) is a national priority. We assessed how profession and gender affect teamwork and job satisfaction among primary care physicians and NPs by using survey data from 186 physicians and 398 NPs practicing in New York State. Our regression models show profession (NP vs physician) moderates the associations of gender with teamwork and job satisfaction. Among NPs, men had higher job satisfaction than women. Among physicians, women had higher job satisfaction than men. Our results can benefit interprofessional primary care teams to optimize their professional and gender mix.  相似文献   

20.
Abstract

Acetylcysteine has been utilized successfully in the treatment of acetaminophen overdose since the 1970s. Although prospective trials as to efficacy and safety of acetylcysteine were conducted, there were no randomized controlled trials. This commentary addresses the reasons for this, and the background to choice of dose of acetylcysteine utilized in the oral and IV dosing regimens. Nomograms to predict possible hepatotoxicity based upon time of ingestion of acetaminophen were developed from a relatively arbitrary definition of toxicity as an aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (ALT/AST) greater than 1000 IU/L. While these have proved generally useful, patients still continue to develop hepatic damage after acetaminophen overdose, particularly if they present late after ingestion. The optimum management of these patients remains unclear, and one area of uncertainty is the dose and duration of acetylcysteine in various circumstances. This article discusses the issues that need to be elucidated to better target changes in acetylcysteine dose. The potential for measurements of other markers to improve treatment selection is the subject of further research.  相似文献   

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