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1.
上肢动作研究量表在脑卒中患者中的效度   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的验证上肢动作研究量表(ARAT)在脑卒中患者中的会聚效度、区分效度和同时效度。方法对30例慢性脑卒中患者进行上肢动作研究量表、Fugl-Meyer评价量表和动作活动记录量表(MAL)的评价,进行相关分析。结果ARAT得分与Fugi—Meyer量表上肢得分显著相关(p-0.906,P〈0.001),Fugl-Meyer量表上肢得分〈33分组和≥33分组的ARAT得分之间有非常高度显著性差异(t=6.614,P〈0.001),ARAT与MAL的使用量量表(AOU)和动作质量量表QOM之间显著相关(p=0.894和0.761,均P〈0.001)。结论ARAT在脑卒中患者中具有良好的会聚效度、区分效度和同时效度。  相似文献   

2.
目的:探讨强制性使用运动疗法对脑卒中患者下肢运动功能恢复的影响。方法:对2例发病分别8个月和4年的脑卒中患者进行单病例实验设计,分为两个阶段:治疗前和治疗后的比较。在治疗前和治疗后分别用Fugl—Meyer法评测上、下肢运动功能;用Barthel指数测定日常生活活动能力;用Berg平衡量表测定平衡功能;用TUGT和MWS分别测定起立行走和10m最大步行速度及在活动平板上的最高速度来评价患者的下肢运动功能。结果:经强制性使用运动疗法治疗后,2例患者的Fugl—Meyer的评分无明显变化;Barthel指数的变化为:能力较低的1例患者变化明显(P〈0.05)、能力较高的另1例患者变化不明显,出现天花板效应;Berg平衡功能有显著提高(P〈0.05);TUGT、MWS及在活动平板上的最高速度提高更加显著(P〈0.001)。结论:强制性使用运动疗法是改善脑卒中患者下肢运动功能的有效治疗方法。  相似文献   

3.
下肢功率自行车运动对脑卒中偏瘫患者步行能力的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的探讨功率自行车运动对恢复期脑卒中患者步行能力的影响。方法将具有一定步行能力的70例病程为3~6个月的脑卒中患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,各35例。对照组患者采用常规康复训练方法,治疗组在此基础上,增加功率自行车运动训练。治疗前和治疗6周后分别评定患者的下肢运动功能(采用简化Fugl—Meyer评分)、平衡功能(采用Berg平衡量表)、步行能力(采用10m步行时间和6min内步行距离测定、Holden步行功能评定)、肌张力变化(采用改良Ashworth量表),以及日常生活活动(ADL)能力(采用改良Barthel指数)。结果两组患者的下肢运动功能、平衡功能、步行能力和ADL能力治疗后均有改善(P〈0.05),但治疗组患者的效果优于对照组(P〈0.05)。结论功率自行车运动可改善恢复期脑卒中偏瘫患者的运动功能、平衡功能和ADL能力,提高其步行能力。  相似文献   

4.
减重支持系统对脑卒中偏瘫患者行走能力的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:探讨减重支持系统训练(PBWS)对脑卒中患者行走能力的影响。方法:53例脑卒中患者随机分为对照组27例和PBWS组26例,均进行常规的功能训练;PBWS组配合减重支持系统训练。结果:治疗8周后2组患者的Berg平衡量表评分、Fugl—Meyer下肢运动功能评分、ADL评分及10rn步行速度与治疗前比较均有明显提高(P〈0.05-0.01),其中Fugl—Meyer评分2组比较差异无显著性意义,其他各项指标评分PBWS组均明显高于对照组(P〈0.05)。结论:功能训练可改善脑卒中患者整体运动功能,结合PBWS更能明显提高治疗效果。  相似文献   

5.
Fugl—Meyer量表在社区脑卒中康复疗效评定中的应用   总被引:8,自引:2,他引:6  
目的:运用Fugl—Meyer量表评定社区脑卒中康复疗效、判断其可行性。方法:对313例社区脑卒中偏瘫的患者分康复治疗组和对照组,运用偏瘫实用训练技术进行康复治疗3个月。治疗组在康复治疗前、治疗1个月、治疗2个月、治疗3个月利用Fugl—Meyer量表对肢体功能进行评定。对照组仅做定期跟踪康复评定。评定内容同治疗组。结果:①康复治疗前后肢体运动功能有明显改善,治疗前后Fugl~Meyer评分差异有高度显著性(P〈0.001)。②康复治疗组较对照组效果好,治疗2个月后两组间Fugl—Meyer评分差异有高度显著性(P〈0.001)。结论:运用Fugl—Meyer量表可显示出社区脑卒中患者的康复疗效,该量表可以在社区作为评定标准使用。  相似文献   

6.
目的探讨减重步行训练对脑卒中早期患者步行能力恢复的影响。方法将60例脑卒中偏瘫患者随机分成2组,减重组30例,行减重步行训练加常规康复治疗;对照组30例,仅行常规康复训练。用Fugl—Meyer下肢运动功能评分、Fugl-Meyer平衡功能评分、改良Ashworth法肌张力评级和Holder步行功能分级进行训练前、后评定。结果经过4周治疗后。2组患者Fugl—Meyer下肢运动功能评分、Fugl-Meyer平衡功能评分、肌张力评级和步行功能分级较治疗前明显改善(P〈0.01),但减重组Fugl—Meyer下肢运动功能评分、肌张力评级、步行功能分级改善均明显优于对照组(P〈0.05)。结论减重步行训练加常规康复治疗对脑卒中早期患者步行功能恢复具有明显促进作用。  相似文献   

7.
脑卒中患者急性期姿势控制能力对其功能结局的预测价值   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的:评定脑卒中急性期患者的姿势控制能力,可明确其存在问题,探讨脑卒中患者急性期的姿势控制能力与出院时日常生活活动能力的相关性。方法:选择2002-08/2004-08在中山大学附属第二医院康复医学科治疗的45例脑卒中急性期患者为观察对象。所有患者在发病1周内应用脑卒中患者姿势评定量表(12项,每项0~3分,总分36分)评定其姿势控制能力、简式Fugl-Meyer量表(共50项,总分100分,上肢66分,下肢34分)评定其运动功能,Berg平衡量表(14项,每项0-4分,总分56分)评定其平衡能力,Barthel指数(10项,总分100分)评定其日常生活活动能力,在出院时再次评定Barthel指数,所有量表评分越高,患者功能状态越好。应用Pearson检验分析脑卒中患者急性期的各量表得分和年龄等变量与出院时Barthel指数的相关性;并以逐步回归分析上述变量与出院时日常生活活动能力的关联程度。结果:按意向处理分析,45例患者均进入结果分析。Pearson相关分析显示脑卒中患者急性期的脑卒中患者姿势评定量表、简式Fugl-Meyer量表、Berg平衡量表、Barthel指数等变量与出院时Barthel指数高度正相关(r=0.708,0.602,0.655,0.635,P〈0.001),患者年龄与出院时Barthel指数中度负相关(r=-0.468,P〈0.05)。逐步回归分析结果显示脑卒中患者姿势评定量表评分是出院时日常生活活动能力的显著预测因子(R^2=0.563,P〈0.001),仅脑卒中患者姿势评定量表单独就可解释出院时56%的日常生活活动能力,而4个量表和年龄等变量共同才可解释出院时69%的日常生活活动能力。结论:脑卒中患者急性期的姿势控制能力、偏瘫侧肢体的运动功能、平衡能力、日常生活活动能力和年龄与患者出院时日常生活活动能力密切相关,是患者出院时日常生活活动能力的预测因素,而姿势控制能力更是显著预测因子。  相似文献   

8.
Wolf运动功能测试量表的标准效度和评定者内部信度研究   总被引:3,自引:3,他引:0  
目的:研究脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢运动的Wolf运动功能测试量表(WMFT)的标准效度和评定者内部信度研究。方法:22例脑卒中慢性期患者在2周内由同一测试者进行WMFT的检查,并与Fugl—Meyer评价量表上肢部分进行效度分析。结果:两次WMFT计时组内相关系数(ICC)为0.990,95%置信区间为0.977—0.996;两次WMFT动作质量分级组内相关系数(ICC)为0.988.95%置信区间为0.970—0.995。WM丌计时与WMFT动作质量分级相关系数为-0.971(P〈0.001)。WMFT计时与FMA上肢评分相关系数为-0.732(P〈0.001),WMFT动作质量分级与FMA评分相关系数为0.838(P〈0.001)。结论:WMFT具有好的重测信度和标准效度。  相似文献   

9.
脑卒中偏瘫患者步行速度临床决定因素的分析   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
目的 判别决定脑卒中偏瘫患者步行速度最重要的临床变量。方法 32例恢复步行能力的脑卒中偏瘫患者,测定在自然舒适状态下的10m步行速度,用Fug1—Meyer评价法评测下肢运动功能,用Motricity指数评测下肢肌力,用Berg平衡量表评定平衡功能,用改良Ashworth评定法评定足跖屈肌张力。对步行速度和临床变量进行Pearson相关分析,然后进行逐步回归分析。结果 患者的步行速度与下肢运动功能、平衡功能和下肢肌力之间呈高度正相关(r=0.781—0.834,P<0.001);下肢运动功能与步行速度之间的相关性更高(r=0.834);步行速度与足跖屈肌张力痉挛程度呈负相关(r=-0.461,P<0.05)。进一步回归分析分析发现,下肢运动功能对步行速度有显著性影响(R^2=0.696,P<0.001)。结论 下肢运动功能是决定脑卒中偏瘫患者步行速度最重要的临床因素。  相似文献   

10.
目的:探讨神经松动术联合康复训练对脑卒中恢复期偏瘫患者下肢功能的影响。方法:将脑卒中恢复期偏瘫患者49例分为观察组25例和对照组24例。2组均采用常规治疗,观察组同时加用神经松动术治疗。治疗前后分别采用综合痉挛量表(CSS)评定踝关节痉挛,Fugl—Meyer运动评分量表(FMA)中下肢部分评定下肢运动功能,Berg平衡量表(BBS)评定平衡功能和改良Barthel指数(MBI)评定日常生活活动(ADL)能力。结果:治疗4周后,2组患者患侧CSS均较治疗前显著降低(均P〈0.01),且观察组更低于对照组(均P〈0.01);2组患者FMA、BBS及ADL能力均较治疗前显著提高(均P〈0.01),且观察组更高于对照组(P〈0.05,0.01)。结论:神经松动术联合康复训练能有效降低脑卒中恢复期偏瘫患者的踝关节痉挛,提高下肢运动功能、平衡功能及日常生活活动能力。  相似文献   

11.
Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.  相似文献   

12.
Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.  相似文献   

13.
ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.  相似文献   

14.
This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.  相似文献   

15.
目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4%(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7%(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3%(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1% (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9% (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8%(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大<6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8~10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1%(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9%(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2%(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 %(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.  相似文献   

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17.
Ranganath C  Heller AS  Wilding EL 《NeuroImage》2007,35(4):1663-1673
Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.  相似文献   

18.
The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.  相似文献   

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目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高<20%视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P<0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P<0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P<0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.  相似文献   

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