Baccalaureate nursing students' attitudes toward poverty: implications for nursing curricula

Given the link between poverty and health, nurses, in their work in hospitals and in the community, often come into contact with people who are poor. To be effective care providers, nurses must have an adequate understanding of poverty and a positive attitude toward people who are poor. This study examined attitudes toward poverty among baccalaureate nursing students (N = 740) at three Canadian universities. Students' attitudes were neutral to slightly positive. Personal experiences appeared to have an important influence on the development of favorable attitudes. The findings point to several considerations for nursing curricula. Students should not only be provided with classroom opportunities for critical exploration of poverty and its negative effects on individuals and society, but also have clinical learning experiences that bring them face-to-face with people who are poor, their health concerns, and the realities of their circumstances. Thoughtful critique of poverty-related issues and interpersonal contact may be effective strategies to foster attitude change.     

浅谈中医护理

护理工作是医疗卫生保健工作中的重要组成部分。无论是中医或西医治疗中,都是不可缺少的重要环节。护理工作如何,直接关系到防病、治病工作的效果。     

Changes in nursing students' stereotypic attitudes toward old people.

The twofold purpose of this study was to determine if: 1) student stereotyped attitudes toward old people would diminish during an eight-week introduction to a professional nursing course which featured laboratory and classroom components on health-illness concepts in the care of geriatric patients, and 2) changes in student attitude toward the aged were related to instructor attitude toward old people. Eighty nursing students were randomly assigned to ten faculty members for experimental treatment which consisted of nursing home laboratory experiences and within-group interaction and instruction. Students were pre- and posttested using the Attitude toward Old People Questionnaire. The same instrument was used to assess instructors' attitudes at the beginning of the course. Results revealed that students' stereotypic attitudes were decreased during the course and that the amount of change in student attitude was functionally related to faculty attitude toward the aged.     

实习护生对从事传染病事业态度的质性研究

目的:深入了解和研究在传染病医院实习的护生在实习前后对从事传染病事业的态度转变。方法:以质性研究Edmund Husserl观点构成的现象学方法为指导,采用个人访谈法,深入访问在某"三甲"传染病医院实习即将结束的8名实习护生。结果:实习护生对从事传染病事业的态度包括:恐惧和矛盾心理,逐渐接受,不能理论联系实际,需要支持,愿意从事传染病护理事业。结论:通过在传染病医院的临床实习,可减轻实习护生对传染病的恐惧心理,增加对传染病的认知,转变实习前对从事传染病护理事业的态度。     

护理专业学生对基于问题的学习教学法的认知现状调查

目的调查护理专业学生对基于问题的学习（PBL）教学法的认知与态度。方法对湖南省8所护理院1200名学生进行问卷调查。结果回收有效问卷1037份,有效回收率86．4％。54．4％学生知道PBL是一种教学法,主要是听教师介绍的;27．8％g学生参加过PBL教学,97．6％学生对教师开展PBL教学法感兴趣,66．7％学生认为“不善于发现学习问题”是学习中最大的困难。结论护理教育工作者要积极引导学生不断更新学习理念,鼓励学生参与教学方法的改革,促进学生自主学习能力、创新能力及综合能力的提高。     

Nursing students' attitudes toward AIDS

A study of 177 baccalaureate nursing students was conducted to explore their knowledge, fears, beliefs and other attitudes regarding AIDS. Lazarus' theory related to coping with threatening events provided the theoretical framework. Students with a high fear score were less willing to care for AIDS patients, had higher knowledge scores, and were more homophobic. While 96.6% of the students felt that AIDS patients are entitled to the same care as any other patient, 49% preferred not to care for AIDS patients. Thirty-six percent thought nursing students should not be assigned to care for AIDS patients. Most of the students (70.6%) got their information about AIDS from the media. Nursing faculty must respond by including current, correct information when instructing students about AIDS. Faculty also need to provide opportunities for students to ask questions and share their fears regarding AIDS.     

Undergraduate nursing students' knowledge of and attitudes toward aging: comparison of context-based learning and a traditional program

The purpose of this study was to investigate nursing students' knowledge of and attitudes toward older adults in the first and fourth years of a baccalaureate program, following the introduction of a context-based learning (CBL) curriculum, and to compare the fourth-year CBL student findings to those of fourth-year students in the final year of the traditional, lecture-based baccalaureate program. The Facts on Aging Questionnaire was used to assess knowledge, and the Aging Semantic Differential was used to assess attitudes toward aging related to societal influences. Although there were differences in knowledge and attitudes between fourth-year CBL and fourth-year traditional students, the differences were not significant. These findings support earlier work that an integrated curriculum may not significantly improve knowledge of age-related changes nor positively influence attitudes that are already positive. The Reactions to Ageing Questionnaire was used to examine students' attitudes toward personal aging. There was a significant positive increase in CBL students' attitudes toward personal aging from the first to fourth years of the program. This suggests that CBL learning fosters an inner maturity toward personal aging.     

Selected correlates of white nursing students' attitudes toward black American patients

Multivariate analyses were used to examine the relationships between white nursing students' attitudes toward black American patients and variables selected within a theoretical framework of prejudice which included socialization factors and personality-based factors. The variables selected were: authoritarianism and self-esteem (personality-based factors), parents' attitudes toward black Americans, peer attitudes toward black Americans, interracial contact and socioeconomic status (socialization factors). The study also examined the differences in the relationship among white nursing students enrolled in baccalaureate degree, associate degree and diploma nursing programs. Data were collected from 201 senior nursing students enrolled in the three types of nursing programs in Rhode Island during the late fall and winter of 1979-1980. Although baccalaureate degree, associate degree and diploma students were similar in terms of peer attitudes toward black Americans, fathers' attitudes toward black Americans, self-esteem and attitudes toward black American patients, they were significantly different in terms of age, socioeconomic status, mothers' attitudes toward black Americans, interracial contact and authoritarianism. The major findings of this study indicate that the socialization explanation of prejudice is more significant than the personality-based explanation. The variables socioeconomic status, interracial contact and peer attitudes toward black Americans (all socialization variables) accounted for 22.0% of the total variance in attitudes toward black American patients for the total sample of nursing students. However, this relationship was not generalizable across the three different types of nursing programs.     

The effect of knowledge on nursing students' attitudes toward individuals with AIDS

The purpose of this study was to determine if increased knowledge changes nursing students' attitudes toward individuals with AIDS. A pretest/post-test design was used to administer a questionnaire, developed and validated in the United States, and adapted for use in this study. Subjects were total population of first to fourth year baccalaureate undergraduate nursing students attending a 1-day AIDS workshop. Questions dealt with knowledge and fears concerning AIDS and caring for AIDS patients, and attitudes toward homosexuality and toward the terminally ill. With the level of significance set at (p less than .05), post-test results indicated that all groups of students displayed a knowledge gain (p = .000) and a more positive attitude toward caring for AIDS patients (p = .001), particularly by e, first and third year students (p = .001). Although positive, younger students and students who had cared for AIDS patients were less positive. In this study, AIDS education had a positive influence on attitudes of nursing students. This finding supports the use of education to foster positive attitudes toward AIDS and individuals with AIDS.     

Medical and nursing students' attitudes toward cardiopulmonary resuscitation and current practice guidelines

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Every member of a healthcare organisation should be able to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation (CPR-D). The purpose of this cohort study was to examine medical and nursing student's beliefs and attitudes toward CPR-D and current practice guidelines. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A pilot questionnaire concerning beliefs and attitudes toward CPR-D was distributed to 120 fourth year medical students. After statistical analyses (Cronbach's alpha), the questionnaire was modified to increase its reliability. The second version was distributed via e-mail to 100 final sixth year medical students and to 120 final fourth year nursing students. The students had 2 weeks to answer the questionnaire. A reminder was sent via e-mail after 1 week. RESULTS: The questionnaire was answered by 71 of 120 fourth year students (59.1%), 56 of 100 (56.0%) sixth year medical students and 76 of 120 (63.3%) nursing students. Seventy percent of the fourth year, 85.8% of the final (sixth) year medical students and 70.0% of the final (fourth) year nursing students felt confident about their ability to perform basic life support (p<0.01) and 24.0% of the fourth year, 84.0% of the final year medical students and 22.7% of the nursing students about defibrillation (p<0.001). The perceived ability to defibrillate correlated significantly with a positive attitude toward nurse-performed defibrillation (p<0.01) and negatively with fear of damaging the patient's heart by defibrillation (p<0.01). Negative attitude toward defibrillation correlated with perceived organisational attitudes toward practise guidelines (p<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Medical students' attitudes mature as hoped for, but the nursing students need encouragement. More information is needed to diminish anxiety concerning defibrillation. Negative beliefs and attitudes toward defibrillation affect the students' attitudes toward practice guidelines.     

Reshaping students' attitudes toward individuals with mental illness through a clinical nursing clerkship

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the degree to which a psychiatric clinical clerkship alters nursing students' attitudes toward individuals with mental illness. The goal of the 4-week clerkship is to provide students with the knowledge, skills, and professional attitudes that will enable them to care for individuals with mental illness in different health care settings. A pencil-and-paper questionnaire was administered to 126 third-year students before and after the clerkship. Students were presented with four hypothetical patients with schizophrenia and were asked to what extent the patient was responsible for his condition, the emotions students felt, and whether students were willing to care for the patient or to segregate him in the hospital. After the clinical clerkship, students became more compassionate and less frightened by psychiatric patients, were more willing to care for individuals with mental illness, and expressed less need to segregate them from the community. In addition, in accord with professional attitudes, students became aware of their own attitudes (the responsibility attributed to patients) and their emotional responses, but these were no longer associated with reluctance to provide care.     

Effect of psychiatric clinical learning site on nursing students' attitudes toward mental illness and psychiatric nursing

As a component of an undergraduate nursing program evaluation, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the psychiatric clinical learning site on students' attitudes toward mental illness and psychiatric nursing. A pretest-posttest quasi-experimental design was utilized. The dependent measures included an Environmental Rating Scale, an Attitude Toward Mental Illness Scale, and an Attitude Toward Psychiatric Nursing Scale. The non-probability sample of convenience included 45 students enrolled in the senior level psychiatric nursing module of a baccalaureate nursing program at a midwest, metropolitan liberal arts college. The subjects were randomly assigned to a Veterans Administration (VA) Medical Center and a private hospital. The results indicated that after controlling for students' attitudes toward mental illness and psychiatric nursing prior to the psychiatric nursing module, clinical site location did not account for any significant variance in students' attitudes after the module. However, correlation analysis of the specific components of the Environmental Rating Scale did demonstrate statistically significant associations with a decrease in authoritative, restrictive attitudes toward mental illness, and an increase in the milieu therapy and community mental health orientations to psychiatric nursing.     

基于中医护理程序的移动护理信息系统在中医医院的构建和应用

[目的]以医院信息管理系统(hospital information system,HIS)为基础,移动手持电脑设备(personal digital assistant,PDA)为硬件,局域网为网络平台,基于中医护理程序建立医院护理信息管理系统,实现体现中医特色的中医院移动护理信息管理。[方法]依据中医护理程序,建立包括中医护理评估、中医护理辨证、中医护理施护、中医护理效果评价几个功能模块的护理管理信息系统,临床护士可随时对该系统进行信息处理、分析,对病人施行辨证施护和整体护理。[结果]实施基于中医护理程序的移动护理信息系统后,我院中医护理技术的运用、中医护理成效及护理满意度相关指标较实施前显著提高(P<0.05)。[结论]将中医护理程序融入移动护理信息系统应用到医院信息管理中,有力地提高了中医护理技术在我院临床护理工作中的应用,有效地提升了我院中医护理质量,同时提高了我院护理工作的满意度。