小型节能头灯的制做与应用

医院(特别是儿童医院)在日常的诊断和治疗护理工作中,需要在小局部范围、短时间光源照明.目前市场上各种医用头灯存在着价格昂贵,使用不方便;我院医护人员在加05年10月至2007年3月使用我院自行研制的节能头灯,采用现代电子技术,在夜间给病人注射、换药和其他治疗以及查房巡视等小范围用光场合,取得了良好的效果.     

Cervicogenic exophthalmos: Possible etiology and pathogenesis

BACKGROUND Unilateral exophthalmos is often caused by inflammation, neoplasm, infection,metabolic disease, vascular disorder and several other less common conditions.Reflex sympathetic dystrophy related to unilateral exophthalmos has not been reported in the past literature.CASE SUMMARY We describe a 45-year-old female with unilateral exophthalmos caused by reflex sympathetic dystrophy and its unexpected spontaneous disappearance after a standard anterior cervical discectomy and fixation operation with two PEEK interbody cages and a plate. To our surprise, the patient’s left unilateral exophthalmos improved spontaneously in the morning on postoperative day 2-with no relapse, without any further medication, as of seven years. We have named this condition "cervicogenic exophthalmos."CONCLUSION We would inform other clinicians that unilateral exophthalmos was caused not only by inflammation, vascular disorder, infection, neoplasm, or metabolic disease, but also by reflex sympathetic dystrophy related with cervicogenic spondylosis. To the best of our knowledge, ours is the first related case report and use of the term "cervicogenic exophthalmos" after reviewing previous literature.     

Photodynamic therapy as salvage therapy for residual microscopic cancer after ultra-low anterior resection: A case report

BACKGROUND The rate of positive resection margins(R1) in patients with low rectal cancer is substantial. Recommended remedies such as extended resection or chemoradiotherapy have their own serious drawbacks. It has been reported that photodynamic therapy(PDT) as a remedial treatment for esophageal cancer.Colorectal cancer and esophageal cancer has many similarities,however,PDT as a salvage therapy for rectal cancer is rare.CASE SUMMARY Here,we describe a 56-year-old man who was admitted to the hospital due to a 6-mo history of hemafecia,which had been aggravated for 1 mo. Colonoscopy revealed a 3 × 4 cm ulcerated mass in the rectum 4 cm from the anus.Preoperative pathological examination showed villous adenoma,moderate-tohigh-grade dysplasia,good differentiation,and invasion of the mucosal muscle.The patient had R1 after ultra-low anterior resection,but he refused extended resection and experienced severe liver function impairment after 3 cycles of chemotherapy. Ultimately,the patient underwent PDT to remove R1. After five years of follow-up,there was no liver function impairment,recurrence,metastasis,sexual dysfunction,or abnormal defecation function.CONCLUSION This is the first case worldwide in which R1 of rectal cancer were successfully treated by PDT.     

Endodontic management of the maxillary first molars with two root canals: A case report and review of the literature

BACKGROUND The complex anatomy of the maxillary first molars has always been a major challenge for complete root canal treatment in endodontic therapy. Here, we present two cases of maxillary first molars, each with only two root canals, which have been rarely reported. We also perform a literature review of maxillary first molar anatomy.CASE SUMMARY The two patients were referred to the hospital after 1) finding a cavity in their tooth with a color change and, 2) a toothache during mastication, respectively.Both of these cases were diagnosed as apical periodontitis by X-ray imaging and cone beam computed tomography(CBCT). Non-surgical endodontic therapy was performed with the assistance of a dental operating microscope(DOM). CBCT showed rare but accurate images of both patients, each with two root canals and two roots in their maxillary first molars. Both roots were located in the buccal in the palatal direction, and each root had only one clear root canal. In addition,each maxillary first molar in both patients was symmetrical to that on the opposing side with only two separate root canals. Non-surgical endodontic therapy was performed with the assistance of a DOM. Finally, the teeth were restored using composite resin and the patients were satisfied with the results.CONCLUSION Making full use of CBCT and DOM would contribute to helping dentists make correct diagnoses and successfully treat teeth with rare root canal morphologies.     

世界疼痛日——中国镇痛周暨建立疼痛科新闻发布会隆重召开中华医学会疼痛学分会第七届年会胜利闭幕

世界疼痛日中国镇痛周暨建立疼痛科新闻发布会、中华医学会疼痛学分会第七届年会于2007年10月12～16日在北京九华山庄隆重举行.全国人大副委员长中科院韩启德院士、原全国人大副委员长中科院吴阶平院士、卫生部陈啸宏副部长、卫生部医政司王羽司长、卫生部科教司刘雁飞司长、中华医学会吴明江常务副会长、原卫生部副部长中国医师协会殷大奎会长及有关方面的领导、专家及参加大会的疼痛医学专家代表约五百人参加了新闻发布会.     

读片窗及答案

病例 男,62岁.以"发现尿黄5天"为主诉入院.无发热、恶心及厌食等伴随症状.查体:血压150/100mmHg,巩膜轻度黄染,腹软无压痛,肝区无叩击痛,肝肋下未触及.实验室检查:血WBC 13.1×109/L,EO 5.2×109/L,占39.7%.TBIL 36.6μmol/L,DBIL 21.5μmol/L,UDBIL 15.1μmol/L.ALT 88U/L,GGT 201U/L.AFP及CEA阴性.HBsAb阳性,其余4项均阴性.     

结合中医理论对上呼吸道感染的护理

上呼吸道感染一年四季均可发病,但以冬春季节为多.此类病人病程一般在10 d以上,易反复,有的甚至迁延不愈达1个月以上,造成门诊输液量增加、交叉感染机会增多,在医治过程中医护人员也易感染.此病虽然不像癌症使人恐惧,但它的发病率高,有的1年内可发病3次～5次,给身体和生活造成很大的不便.此类病人的症状为鼻塞、流涕、喷嚏、咳嗽、咽干、咽痛、头痛、发热、乏力、全身不适等,护理一般采取对症施护:休息、保持室内空气清新、多饮水、清淡饮食等,而应用中医理论施护则更具体、更有效,对于疾病的痊愈会有极大的促进作用.     

伸缩式垂直升降护理机的适用性探讨

昏迷病人、截瘫病人、慢性消耗性疾病及脑卒中后遗症病人常伴有肢体瘫痪而长期卧床,生活不能自理,大小便失禁,易发生压疮,给病人带来极大痛苦,给家属带来繁重的负担[1].为解决这一难题,人们研究了一些护理器械,如"升降护理装置",这种护理装置由铁床、软布带、支架杆、绑绳钢筋、软网布、定滑轮组件、动滑轮组件、万向节连接件和钢丝绳组成.     

Seroconversion of HBsAG coincides with hepatitis A superinfection: A case report

BACKGROUND Hepatitis B virus(HBV)is a hepatotropic virus that can cause acute and chronic liver damage.According to the world health organization 257 million people are infected with chronic HBV infection worldwide.Super-infection with other hepadnaviruses,including hepatitis A virus(HAV),hepatitis C virus,hepatitis D virus,and hepatitis E virus is associated with increased risk of acute liver failure in patients with chronic HBV.CASE SUMMARY Here,we report a case of a 47-year old male patient with HBV-related compensated Child A cirrhosis,who presented with general fatigue,malaise and laboratory signs of acute hepatitis.Although the patient was regularly seen at a specialized university liver unit,the HAV vaccination status was unclear.Acute HAV super-infection was diagnosed by positive serological and polymerase chain reaction analysis.Following acute HAV super-infection,spontaneous HBsAg elimination and development of an anti-HBs titer were observed.CONCLUSION This case illustrates the importance of carefully checking the vaccination status.In our patient,unspecific immunological responses to HAV led to functional cure of HBV.     

Combined surgical and interventional treatment of tandem carotid artery and middle cerebral artery embolus: A case report

BACKGROUND The 2018 American Heart Association/American Stroke Association guidelines for early management of acute ischemic stroke recommend the use of retrievable stents for mechanical thrombectomy in patients with acute internal carotid artery or middle cerebral artery M1 occlusion that can be treated within 6 h from onset.For cases of carotid artery with ipsilateral middle cerebral artery tandem embolization, the operation is more complicated and challenging. We here report a case of a tandem embolism, and the anatomy of the aortic arch was complex.Direct carotid artery incision and thrombectomy can not only prevent the escape of the carotid embolus but also save time during establishment of the thrombectomy access.CASE SUMMARY The patient was a 70-year-old man. He was admitted to hospital due to sudden inability to speak and inability to move his right limb for 3 h. Imaging confirmed a diagnosis of a tandem embolism in the left carotid artery with left M1 occlusion.Carotid artery incision thrombectomy combined with stent thrombectomy was performed. The operation was successful, and 24 h later the patient was conscious and mentally competent but had motor aphasia. His bilateral limb muscle strength level was 5, and his neurologic severity scores score was 2.CONCLUSION Carotid artery incision thrombectomy combined with stenting for carotid artery plus cerebral artery tandem embolization is clinically feasible. For patients with a complicated aortic arch and an extremely tortuous carotid artery, carotid artery incision can be chosen to establish the interventional path.     

与气管切开病人的沟通

分析2000年5月－2001年7月气管切开30例患的各期心理变化，总结对气管切开患如何正确使用语言和非语言交流技巧，以促进护患之间心理沟通，根据患的体语和病情变化，及时了解气管切开患的心理需求，使病人增强战性疾病的信心，缩短住院时间，提高治愈率。     

Libyan family with beta-thalassemia trait associated with hypercholesterolemia with widespread xanthomas

We describe a Libyan family with beta-thalassemia trait associated with unusually high concentrations of hemoglobin A2 and hypercholesterolemia. The family consists of the father, mother, and three sons. The marriage was consanguineous. The concentrations of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in serum were very high in two sons who also had widespread xanthomas. The erythrocyte membranes showed a high cholesterol/phospholipid ratio, with no significant susceptibility to lipid peroxidation in vitro.     

Family work with people with dementia

Family interventions (FI) are used where there is a psychotic illness. This article argues for their use in dementia cases. It looks at the example of a family where the father had recently received a diagnosis of Lewy bodies with dementia. The focus is on the process of working with the patient and his close relatives using an adapted FI model.     

胺碘酮治疗心衰合并心律失常患者的护理

目的 分析胺碘酮在心力衰竭合并心律失常治疗中常见的不良反应,并总结护理经验.方法 选择我院急性心衰合并室性心律失常患者75例,所有患者均先经抗心力衰竭治疗,胺碘酮治疗过程全程实施精心护理,分析治疗后患者恢复情况.结果 75例急性心衰合并心律失常患者,经全程护理及相应治疗后,72例恢复窦性心律;3例经电除颤治疗后恢复窦性心律;胺碘酮注射治疗的并发症包括静脉炎、低血压及反复发作的心律失常;无死亡病例出现.结论 在静脉注射胺碘酮治疗心衰合并心律失常过程中,实施全程精心护理,严密监测患者生命体征的变化,精确合理用药,可取得较好的救治效果.     

Medpor填充联合钛板及钛钉固定治疗眼眶爆裂性骨折病人的护理

[目的]总结多孔聚乙烯高分子合成材料(Medpor)填充联合钛板及钛钉固定治疗眼眶爆裂性骨折病人的护理。[方法]对40例眼眶爆裂性骨折病人行Medpor填充联合钛板及钛钉固定治疗,同时加强护理。[结果]术后所有患眼眼球内陷均得以矫正,双眼突出度基本一致,复视情况消失或得到明显改善,眼球各方向运动良好,效果满意。[结论]加强眼眶爆裂性骨折病人行Medpor填充联合钛板及钛钉固定治疗的护理有利于病人的术后康复。     

左旋门冬酰胺酶在联合化疗中毒副反应的护理

目的观察长春新碱、柔红霉素、左旋门冬酰胺酶（L-ASP）、泼尼松联合方案（VDLP）治疗急性淋巴细胞白血病（ALL）中L-ASP的毒副作用及总结护理要点。方法2002年10月～2004年3月对18例初治ALL患者。采用VDLP方案化疗，观察其疗效及L-ASP的毒副作用，并给予治疗及护理。结果5例发生急性胰腺炎，10例发生肝功能损害。2例出现皮疹，1例发生继发性高血糖。治疗1疗程后完全缓解13例，部分缓解3例。死亡2例。结论L-ASP在治疗ALL联合化疗效好，但其毒性反应需引起临床的高度重视，护理人员除了严密监控L-ASP使用过程，还应加强其毒副反应的预防和治疗，早期发现、早期治疗及对症护理，可确保化疗顺利完成。     

Learning to communicate with children with disabilities

A positive incident during a placement in a special school is used to illustrate that reflecting on positive incidents helps the student nurse to recognise good practice and personal strengths. The incident involving a child's achievement in mastering new communication skills led to improved understanding of the role of the special educational needs teacher and the speech and language therapist and the positive effect of early professional intervention. It also emphasised the benefits of Makaton and picture aids for children with communication problems. A major benefit of the placement experience was that it improved the student's confidence in approaching and interacting with children with special needs and speech difficulties. It also highlighted the value of nurses learning basic Makaton in order to enhance their communication skills. Using reflection to review positive experiences can be as effective in highlighting strengths and weaknesses as reflecting upon negative experiences.