Influence of Hispanic Ethnicity in Prevalence of Diabetes Mellitus in Sleep Apnea and Relationship to Sleep Phase

Abstract

Introduction: Recent studies have shown a strong association between insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This association has not been previously reported in the Hispanic population. The objective of this study was to study the prevalence of diabetes in a cohort of Hispanic patients with OSA in comparison with a white cohort. Method: We performed a retrospective chart review of 103 Hispanic patients and 69 white patients with OSA. All patients had undergone full-night baseline polysomnography. We excluded charts of patients who underwent split-night studies and those who did not have rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Results: Both groups were well matched in terms of age, gender distribution, and body mass index. The prevalence of self-reported diabetes in Hispanic patients with OSA was 42.71% compared with 24.28% of whites (P = 0.005). A REM apnea hypopnea index (AHI) of > 20 was significantly associated with an increased prevalence of diabetes in the Hispanic population; this association was not seen in the white population. Conclusion: There was a very high prevalence of diabetes in an unselected cohort of Hispanic patients with OSA compared with white patients.     

脑卒中患者睡眠障碍特点研究

目的观察脑卒中患者睡眠障碍的特点。方法应用专业量表对350例脑卒中患者的睡眠状况进行评估及统计分析。结果脑卒中患者睡眠障碍主要表现为入睡困难、早醒、睡眠维持障碍、睡眠结构紊乱、日间过度睡眠、发作性睡病等;女性患者的睡眠障碍发生率高于男性(P<0.05)。结论脑卒中患者的睡眠障碍发生率显著高于一般人群;女性脑卒中患者睡眠障碍总体发生率高于男性患者;女性患者入睡困难、早醒、睡眠维持障碍、睡眠结构紊乱的发生率高于男性患者;男性患者日间过度睡眠、发作性睡病及其他类型的发生率高于女性患者。     

Management of Patients With Terminal Cancer

A physician can do many things to help the terminal cancer patient live out his remaining days in comfort and dignity. Reassurance that pain can and will be controlled should be given early, and there are many ways to control pain without resorting to morphine. Even little things such as adjustment of eyeglasses and attention to minor medical problems can make a big difference.     

孕期睡眠与子代出生体质量相关性的研究进展

目前孕期睡眠与子代出生体质量之间关系的研究结论尚不一致，多项研究认为孕妇孕期睡眠呼吸障碍（sleepdisordered breathing,SDB）、孕期睡眠不足、睡眠质量差与子代低出生体质量相关。孕妇睡眠姿势与子代出生体质量相关性的研究较少，有研究发现孕妇仰卧位睡眠可导致子代低出生体质量。孕期睡眠障碍和子代出生体质量之间的关联模式尚须进一步的纵向研究证实，同时客观的睡眠时间和睡眠质量测量方法有待探讨。本文主要从SDB、睡眠持续时间、睡眠质量及睡眠姿势4个方面来阐述孕期睡眠与子代出生体质量之间关系的研究进展。     

外伤性截肢病人睡眠质量的研究

[目的]了解外伤性截肢病人的睡眠质量及影响因素。[方法]采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)量表及自行设计的影响睡眠质量因素调查表对200例外伤性截肢病人进行问卷调查。[结果]200例病人PSQI得分为9.01分±3.74分,显著高于国内常模(P<0.01);79.00%的病人存在睡眠质量问题,影响因素有幻肢痛、肢体残缺等。[结论]外伤性截肢病人睡眠质量明显低于国内常模,应加强其睡眠护理,提高睡眠质量及生活质量。     

Sleep duration and overweight/obesity in children: Review and implications for pediatric nursing

Purpose. The purpose of this study was to review evidence from the last 5 years (2006–2011) regarding a relationship between sleep duration and childhood overweight/obesity. Conclusions. Among the 25 studies selected from PubMed and Web of Knowledge databases, all indicated significant associations between short sleep duration and childhood overweight/obesity. Studies explored a range of pediatric populations, methodologies, and potential contributing factors. Practice Implications. Childhood sleep duration may be a modifiable risk factor in preventing obesity. In addition to identifying and assessing patients' sleep habits, nurses play important roles as educators regarding the importance of adequate sleep and promoting it in children.     

Perceived sleep quality of psychiatric patients

This paper aims at acquiring knowledge about the quality of sleep of adult and elderly psychiatric patients who receive clinical or outpatient nursing care, and identifying key factors in perceiving a sleep problem. To do so, a sample of 1699 psychiatric patients were asked whether they perceived a sleep problem and were invited to fill in the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) and additional questions. Five hundred and sixty (33%) questionnaires were returned. As a result, we find that 36% of the patients perceived a sleep problem, while the PSQI assessed 66% of the sample as being 'bad sleepers'. Forty-nine per cent of the respondents used sleep medication one or more times a week. Five items of the PSQI were shown to be predictors of a perceived sleep problem. Four of these are insomnia symptoms, while the fifth is the use of sleep medication. Moreover, the patients who used sleep medication most scored significantly worse on all PSQI components than patients who used sleep medication less than once a week. In conclusion, many psychiatric patients perceive a sleep problem and all nurses could be confronted not only with the night-time consequences of this, but also with daytime consequences. Therefore, sleep problems must not be viewed as an isolated problem but must be seen in relation with social functioning.