降钙素原在感染性疾病诊断中应用价值的临床病例分析

目的结合临床病例,分析降钙素原(PCT)在感染性疾病诊断中的应用价值。方法回顾2012年5月至2013年5月首都医科大学附属友谊医院感染内科586例住院患者的血清降钙素原检测结果,并对感染部位及感染病原体进行统计。另外,对其中63例细菌性肺炎患者的血清PCT、PCT评分及其他实验室辅助检查结果进行进一步分析,并计算PSI评分和CURB-65评分。结果多部位感染组PCT、PCT评分大于单一部位感染组;不同部位感染PCT、PCT评分差异有统计学意义,消化系统感染PCT、PCT评分水平高于泌尿系统和呼吸系统感染;在63例细菌性肺炎中,低危组和中高危组PCT、PCT评分无统计学差异;PCT升高组最高体温、C反应蛋白、红细胞沉降率、碱性磷酸酶染色(NAP)阳性率、NAP积分值高于PCT正常组,而病程短于PCT正常组,差异具有统计学意义。结论 PCT作为一种新的感染性炎性标志物,在感染性疾病的诊断中具有重要临床价值。     

中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞计数与降钙素原对肿瘤患者合并细菌感染的诊断价值

目的分析中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞计数(NLR)与降钙素原(PCT)对肿瘤患者合并细菌感染诊断价值。方法以收治130例肿瘤患者为诊断对象,检测患者PCT和血常规水平,计算NLR值,比较两组NLR和PCT水平。结果感染组NLR和PCT水平均明显高于非感染组(P<0.05)。比较三组敏感度,PCT+NLR最高,PCT最低,比较三组特异性,PCT最高,而NLR最低。结论联合使用PCT+NLR可提升临床检测灵敏度,便于判断肿瘤细菌感染标志物。     

新生儿肺炎患儿痰液降钙素原检测的临床意义

目的初步探讨新生儿肺炎患儿检测痰液中降钙素原的临床意义。方法入选36例新生儿肺炎患儿,临床判断分为细菌感染组(21例)及非细菌感染组(15例),检测其痰液中降钙素原(PCT)和血清中PCT、血白细胞计数(WBC)、C-反应蛋白(CRP),做统计学处理。结果两组患儿痰液PCT、血清PCT比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),但血清CRP、WBC计数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);痰液中PCT与血清PCT相关性较强(γs=0.712);肺炎细菌感染组痰液PCT、血清PCT阳性率均较血清CRP、血WBC计数高(P均<0.05),前两者比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);但痰液PCT浓度较血清PCT高。结论新生儿肺炎患儿痰液PCT和血清PCT均能很好提示肺部细菌感染,痰液PCT可能比血清PCT更早反映病情,因痰液取材简单且创伤少,对指导用药,减少抗生素滥用有较大意义。     

急诊快速PCT检测对评估脓毒症预后的意义

目的:探讨急诊快速Procalcitonin(PCT)检测结果对脓毒症患者病情判断及预后的意义。方法:对急诊收入ICU的61例脓毒症患者急诊首次PCT检测结果、CRP及APECHEⅡ评分进行统计学分析,根据预后分为死亡组及存活组,分析比较组间上述指标的变化及APECHEⅡ评分与PCT的相关性分析。同时按PCT水平,分为PCT2.0ug/L,2.0~10.0ug/L,PCT≥10.0ug/L 3组,比较各组的病死率和住院时间。另外,动态观察患者入院后1周PCT变化指标,并比较其与入院首次PCT质量浓度对患者预后评估的意义。结果:不同预后组的PCT、CRP与APECHEⅡ评分明显不同,死亡组的急诊PCT、CRP及APECHEⅡ评分明显高于存活组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);PCT与APACHEⅡ评分相关性分析:PCT与APACHEⅡ评分之间存在显著正相关(γ=0.85,P0.05);PCT水平与病情判断及预后指标的关系:显示随着PCT值增高,脓毒症患者病死率呈增高趋势,住院时间延长。对脓毒症患者预后的评估,入院首次PCT值与PCT动态监测比较,敏感性相当,但PCT动态监测的特异性更强。结论:急诊快速PCT检测结果对脓毒症病情判断及预后评估有一定指导意义;动态监测其指标变化,对短期预后评估更具意义。     

降钙素原在感染性疾病中的临床应用价值

目的探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)检测在感染性疾病诊断中的应用价值。方法采用半定量固相免疫测定法检测血清PCT水平,统计分析213例感染性疾病患者血培养结果和血清PCT水平。结果若以PCT≥0.5ng/mL为阳性阈值,对照血培养结果,血清PCT检测对细菌性感染的敏感性为76.5%,特异性为96.3%。而病毒感染或非细菌感染性炎症患者血清PCT均小于0.5ng/mL。结论 PCT是快速诊断细菌感染性疾病较为特异的指标,可了解细菌感染的严重程度及指导抗菌治疗。     

儿童血清与血浆中降钙素原水平差异比较研究

目的分析儿童血浆及血清中降钙素原(PCT)水平的差异,探讨是否可用乙二胺四乙酸二钾(EDTA-K2)抗凝血浆代替血清检测PCT水平。方法应用mini-VIDS全自动酶联荧光分析仪及配套试剂进行血清及血浆PCT全自动定量检测,分别检测90例儿童血清及EDTA-K2抗凝血浆中的PCT水平,分析两组数据的相关性,并将检测数据分为3个水平组进行检验,比较血清及血浆中PCT水平的差异。同时探讨儿童年龄及性别对PCT水平的影响。结果血清与EDTA-K2抗凝血浆中PCT水平具有很好的相关性(r=0.812,P0.05),在低水平组血清及血浆PCT测定值差异无统计学意义(P0.05),而在中高水平组时差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。且儿童的性别和年龄对PCT水平同样存在明显影响作用。结论儿童血清与血浆PCT检测值有统计学差异,对进一步系统地研究血清与EDTA-K2抗凝血浆中PCT水平的差异及临床意义有重要的指导作用。     

老年下呼吸道感染患者中的血清降钙素原与超敏C-反应蛋白的相关性分析

目的探讨血清降钙素原(PCT)与超敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)检测结果在老年下呼吸道感染中的相关性。方法 80例老年下呼吸道感染患者入院后24h内检测PCT、hs-CRP,并进行相关分析。结果 hs-CRP与PCT呈正相关(r=0.342,P<0.01),PCT阳性率为85.0%,明显高于hs-CRP(17.5%),PCT灵敏度分别为85.0%、82.5%;PCT、hs-CRP的特异度分别为90.0%、48.3%;两者相比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=47.032,P<0.01)。结论 PCT与hs-CRP检测结果呈正相关,PCT测定诊断老年下呼吸道感染的特异度高于hs-CRP。     

血清降钙素原与血液细菌培养在菌血症诊断中的应用价值

目的比较血清降钙素原(PCT)与血液细菌培养在菌血症患者诊断中的应用价值。方法对122例临床怀疑菌血症患者采用双抗免疫夹心化学发光法检测其PCT水平,同时进行血液细菌培养。根据血液细菌培养结果,按照培养时间分组,分别统计每组的平均PCT值,然后比较各组PCT值的差异性。结果血液细菌培养报阳时间能反应患者血液中的含菌量,血培养第1～2天阳性组PCT平均含量为(16.29±4.20)μg/L,第3～4天阳性组PCT平均含量为(9.44±2.70)μg/L,第5天后阳性组PCT平均含量为(1.50±0.85)μg/L,血培养阴性组PCT平均含量为(0.30±0.51)μg/L,各研究组相比,差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论在菌血症患者中PCT检测结果与血培养结果是一致的,PCT升高的水平及其动态变化与疾病的严重程度及愈后有关,PCT能及时反映临床过程,PCT检测的便利、快速、动态监测要优于血培养。     

血清降钙素原定量检测与血培养结果比较研究

目的研究降钙素原(PCT)在诊断血流感染中的应用价值。方法采用回顾性研究,对四川省人民医院2013年1~2月200例同时进行PCT和血培养检测患者的资料进行分析。应用全自动连续检测系统BacT/Alert3D120进行血培养,Vitek-2微生物全自动分析仪对病原菌进行鉴定,mini-VIDAS全自动免疫荧光分析仪检测PCT。结果 PCT阳性率为78.5%,血培养阳性率为20.5%。与血培养结果比较,PCT敏感性和特异性分别为87.8%、23.9%,PCT阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为22.9%、88.4%。结论 PCT对于血流感染的诊断具有一定的局限性,PCT对于排除血流感染有较好的参考价值。     

血浆降钙素原和C反应蛋白的变化与术后胆道感染评估的相关性研究

目的探讨血浆降钙素原(PCT)、C反应蛋白(CRP)的变化与术后胆道感染(BTI)评估的临床意义及相关性研究。方法选择从2017年3月到2018年5月入住该院重症医学科的胆道术后患者100例,在术前、术后抽取外周血检测血浆PCT、CRP水平;术中留取胆汁等微生物培养,根据胆汁培养结果分为胆汁培养阳性组和胆汁培养阴性组,比较各组血浆PCT、CRP水平的差异,以及各指标之间的相关性。结果胆道术后患者的PCT、CRP水平呈现上升趋势;胆汁培养阳性组患者的PCT、CRP水平明显高于胆汁培养阴性组患者的PCT、CRP水平,诊断BTI上PCT具有更高的特异度和敏感度。结论胆道术后患者血浆PCT、CRP有上升趋势,胆汁培养阳性患者血浆PCT、CRP上升幅度更明显,动态监测PCT水平的变化趋势有助于BTI严重程度的判断与指导治疗。     

降钙素原在感染性发热诊断中的意义

目的分析感染性发热患者中细菌感染和病毒感染血清降钙素原(PCT)水平的差别,探讨血清PCT在感染性发热诊断中的意义。方法采用半定量固相免疫测定法测定48例细菌感染性发热患者、40例病毒感染性发热患者以及30例健康对照组血清中的PCT,将检测结果分成4个水平,PCT<0.5 ng/mL,0.5 ng/mL≤PCT<2.0 ng/mL,2.0 ng/mL≤PCT<10.0 ng/mL和PCT≥10.0 ng/mL,分析PCT水平与细菌病毒感染之间的关系。以PCT≥0.5 ng/mL为阳性诊断标准。结果细菌感染组患者血清PCT水平高于病毒感染组和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P≤0.05),病毒感染组与对照组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论检测PCT能有效地鉴别细菌性和非细菌性感染性发热,有利于早期正确治疗。     

Clinical safety of platelets photochemically treated with amotosalen HCl and ultraviolet A light for pathogen inactivation: the SPRINT trial

BACKGROUND: A photochemical treatment (PCT) method utilizing a novel psoralen, amotosalen HCl, with ultraviolet A illumination has been developed to inactivate viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and white blood cells in platelet (PLT) concentrates. A randomized, controlled, double-blind, Phase III trial (SPRINT) evaluated hemostatic efficacy and safety of PCT apheresis PLTs compared to untreated conventional (control) apheresis PLTs in 645 thrombocytopenic oncology patients requiring PLT transfusion support. Hemostatic equivalency was demonstrated. The proportion of patients with Grade 2 bleeding was not inferior for PCT PLTs. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: To further assess the safety of PCT PLTs, the adverse event (AE) profile of PCT PLTs transfused in the SPRINT trial is reported. Safety assessments included transfusion reactions, AEs, and deaths in patients treated with PCT or control PLTs in the SPRINT trial. RESULTS: A total of 4719 study PLT transfusions were given (2678 PCT and 2041 control). Transfusion reactions were significantly fewer following transfusion of PCT than control PLTs (3.0% vs. 4.1%; p = 0.02). Overall AEs (99.7% PCT vs. 98.2% control), Grade 3 or 4 AEs (79% PCT vs. 79% control), thrombotic AEs (3.8% PCT vs. 3.7% control), and deaths (3.5% PCT vs. 5.2% control) were comparable between treatment groups. Minor hemorrhagic AEs (petechiae [39% PCT vs. 29% control; p < 0.01] and fecal occult blood [33% PCT vs. 25% control; p = 0.03]) and skin rashes (56% PCT vs. 42% control; p < 0.001) were significantly more frequent in the PCT group. CONCLUSION: The overall safety profile of PCT PLTs was comparable to untreated PLTs.     

Dynamic change of procalcitonin, rather than concentration itself, is predictive of survival in septic shock patients when beyond 10 ng/mL

Procalcitonin (PCT) concentration of greater than 10 ng/mL is compatible for septic shock. Its predictive value for survival is not well established, mainly because of much overlap and variation of PCT in this condition. We hypothesized that dynamic change of PCT, rather than PCT itself, is predictive of hospital survival when greater than 10 ng/mL. Thirty-seven septic shock patients with PCT concentration of greater than 10 ng/mL were enrolled in this prospective cohort study. Patients were divided into survivors (n = 25) and nonsurvivors (n = 12) based on 28-day hospital outcome. Subsequent PCT measurements were taken 5 days after enrollment. Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) scores were recorded simultaneously. Dynamic changes of the PCT and SOFA score were defined as the difference between the subsequent and initial measurement. There were no significant differences between survivors and nonsurvivors in age, sex, initial measurement of PCT, and SOFA. All survivors had a decrease in PCT concentration; median decrease was 9.73 ng/mL. All nonsurvivors had an increase in PCT concentration; median increase was 5.95 ng/mL. Significant decrease in PCT concentration (>25%) was observed in all the 25 survivors, whereas there was none in 12 nonsurvivors. Procalcitonin of initial, subsequent measurements, and dynamics significantly correlated with their counterparts of SOFA score. In conclusion, significant decrease in PCT concentration, rather than PCT concentration itself, may be a useful indicator of survival in septic shock patients when PCT concentration is greater than 10 ng/mL. Procalcitonin concentration highly correlated with the SOFA score in septic shock patients even when the PCT concentration is greater than 10 ng/mL.     

Ammonia transport by early and late proximal convoluted tubule of the rat.

Free-flow micropuncture experiments were performed to examine ammonia transport separately in early and late proximal convoluted tubule (PCT) of the rat. In control rats, ammonia was secreted along the early PCT but was reabsorbed along the late PCT. In rats with chronic metabolic acidosis, ammonia secretion along the early PCT was increased compared with controls, and ammonia absorption by the late PCT was converted to small net ammonia secretion. In the acidotic rats, ammonia secretion rate in the early PCT was six times higher than that in the late PCT. Thus, most or all of ammonia secretion by the PCT occurred along its early portion. In control and acidotic rats, luminal NH3 concentration in the early PCT was significantly higher than that in the late PCT, indicating that ammonia is not in diffusion equilibrium throughout the renal cortex. It is proposed that differences in ammonia transport rate in early vs. late PCT may be due to differences in ammonia production rate and/or to differences in the rate of an ammonia backflux that detracts from net ammonia secretion.     

Plasma procalcitonin measured by time-resolved amplified cryptate emission (TRACE) in liver transplant patients. A prognosis marker of early infectious and non-infectious postoperative complications

BACKGROUND: Elevated procalcitonin (PCT) levels are observed after major surgery, such as orthotopic liver transplantation (OLTx). The aim of this observational study was to evaluate PCT kinetics during the first 5 following days after surgery to establish the prognostic value of PCT changes in the outcome of OLTx, and to predict medical, technical and infectious complications. PCT was also evaluated in the differential diagnosis of infection vs. rejection. METHODS: A total of 64 OLTx were performed in 58 patients; they were split into two groups: with and without complications. Out of these patients, 18 developed infection, and nine rejection. PCT was measured before and during surgery, 12 h after transplantation and daily for the 5 following days. PCT was also measured the day when infection or rejection was diagnosed, and on the previous day. PCT was determined by time-resolved amplified cryptate emission (TRACE) technology. RESULTS: PCT elevation began at 12 h after surgery, reaching a peak on the 1st day in both groups. Significantly higher PCT concentrations were found in the group of patients developing complications, on the 5 postoperative days. It was found that a 24 h PCT value higher than 1.92 microg/L increased by 9.1-time-fold the risk of complications. When infection was diagnosed, a second peak of PCT was observed, but no PCT elevation was shown in rejection. CONCLUSIONS: Daily monitored PCT provides valuable information about the early outcome of OLTx.     

降钙素原在老年社区获得性肺炎中的意义

目的研究降钙素原（PCT）对老年社区获得性肺炎（CAP）病情严重程度的评估价值。方法以317例老年CAP设为重症肺炎组（111例）及普通肺炎组（206例）,并以67例健康体检老人为对照,观察PCT的检测情况,并研究PCT与PSI、CURB-65评分的相关性。结果 PCT在重症肺炎组、普通肺炎组及正常对照组依次降低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;不同PCT分级患者PSI、CURB-65评分也均有统计学差异（P〈0.05）;PCT与PSI呈正相关（r=0.689,P〈0.05）,PCT与CURB-65评分也呈正相关（r=0.511,P〈0.05）,相关系数PSI较高。结论 PCT能较好的反映CAP患者病情严重程度,对CAP患者PCT进行监测对临床治疗方案的选择、预后的评估均有重要的临床应用价值。     

The value of procalcitonin measurement in localized skin and skin structure infection,diabetic foot infections,septic arthritis and osteomyelitis

Serum procalcitonin (PCT) is an established diagnostic marker for severe or systemic bacterial infections such as pneumonia, sepsis and septic shock. Data regarding the role of PCT in localized infections without systemic inflammatory response syndrome are scarce. The aim of this review is to assess the value of PCT measurements in localized infections such as skin and skin structure infections, diabetic foot infections, septic arthritis (SA) and osteomyelitis. It appears that serum PCT is unlikely to change the clinical practice in skin and skin structure infection. However, serum PCT could have a role in diagnosis and monitoring of diabetic foot infections in hospitalized settings. There are conflicting reports regarding the ability of serum PCT to distinguish SA from non-SA; synovial PCT may be more appropriate in these settings, including in implant-related infections. Better designed studies are needed to evaluate the usefulness of PCT with or without other biomarkers in localized infections.     

肝硬化并发严重感染患者C反应蛋白、前降钙素测定的临床意义

目的:分析肝硬化并发严重感染时血清前降钙素、C反应蛋白的变化及其临床意义。方法:对25例肝硬化并发自发性细菌性腹膜炎和败血症的患者,测定其血清和腹水的前降钙素(PCT)和反应蛋白(CRP)。结果:合并严重感染时,PCT明显增高,增高幅度与感染程度呈正比,且与未合并感染者的差异有显著性(P<0.05);同时还发现PCT的增高与CRP的升高呈正相关。结论:PCT是诊断肝硬化并发严重感染的一个新型、敏感的实验室指标,对于鉴别感染与否,是否为细菌性感染具有较好的特异性。