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1.
胸及上腹部手术后肺不张与呼吸衰竭的治疗体会   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
目的 探讨胸及上腹部手术后肺不张与呼吸衰竭的治疗方法。方法 术后肺不张患者 2 8例 ,全部行纤维支气管镜检查 ,术后呼吸衰竭需机械通气 18例 ,包括成人呼吸窘迫综合征 (ARDS) 5例 ,对ARDS患者采取保护性通气策略。结果  2 3例粘稠痰液阻塞一侧主支气管或叶支气管 ,5例气管腔内只有少许粘液。治疗后 2 7例肺完全复张 ,1例死亡。呼吸衰竭患者机械通气时间 2~ 4d ,17例治愈 ,1例死亡。结论 用纤维支气管镜诊治胸及上腹部术后肺不张是相对安全有效的方法 ,但应考虑到各种不利因素 ,做好抢救准备。对呼吸衰竭需机械通气的患者 ,应判明有否ARDS ,采用相应的通气模式及参数  相似文献   

2.
目的 观察无创正压通气(NIPPV)治疗创伤性湿肺的疗效。方法 选择30例行无创正压通气治疗的创伤性湿肺患者为治疗组,24例未用NIPPV治疗的创伤性湿肺患者为对照组,通过对2组患者进行心电监测、血氧饱和度、呼吸频率、血气分析等指标的监测,比较2组患者呼吸频率和动脉血气参数、肺部病变吸收时间、气管插管率、ICU住院时间及预后。结果 30例创伤性湿肺患者经NIPPV治疗后动脉血气指标与临床表现明显改善(P〈0.01);与对照组相比,NIPPV治疗组患者临床症状改善时间、肺部病变吸收时间、ICU住院时间明显缩短(P〈0.01),肺实变率显著减低(P〈0.05),但2组患者气管插管率和病死率差异却无显著性。结论 NIPPV通过调节压力支持与呼吸末正压水平,早期应用可明显改善创伤性湿肺患者病情及缩短病程,但并不能改善其预后。  相似文献   

3.
In the last 2 decades, our goals for mechanical ventilatory support in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or acute lung injury (ALI) have changed dramatically. Several randomized controlled trials have built on a substantial body of preclinical work to demonstrate that the way in which we employ mechanical ventilation has an impact on important patient outcomes. Avoiding ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) is now a major focus when clinicians are considering which ventilatory strategy to employ in patients with ALI/ARDS. Physicians are searching for methods that may further limit VILI, while still achieving adequate gas exchange.  相似文献   

4.
OBJECTIVE: High pressures or volumes may increase the risk of barotrauma in the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). METHODS: The first part of the study analyzed data from a prospective trial of two ventilation strategies in 116 patients with ARDS retrospectively, and ventilatory pressures and volumes were compared in patients with or without pneumothorax. The second part consisted of a literature analysis of prospective trials (14 clinical studies, 2270 patients) describing incidence and risk factors for barotrauma in ARDS patients, and mean values of ventilatory parameters were plotted against incidence of barotrauma. RESULTS: In our clinical trial comparing two tidal volumes, 15 patients (12.3%) developed pneumothorax. There was no significant difference in any pressure or volume between these patients and the rest of the population, including end-inspiratory plateau pressure (P(plat)), driving pressure (P(plat)-PEEP), respiratory rate and compliance. Multiple trauma was more frequent among patients with pneumothorax (27%) than in those without (7%). Duration of mechanical ventilation tended to be longer with pneumothorax. In the literature review, the incidence of barotrauma varied between 0% and 49%, and correlated strongly with P(plat), with a high incidence above 35 cmH(2)O, and with compliance, with a high incidence below 30 ml/cmH(2)O. CONCLUSION: Clinical studies maintaining P(plat) lower than 35 cmH(2)O found no apparent relationship between ventilatory parameters and pneumothorax. Analysis of the literature suggests a correlation when patients receive mechanical ventilation with P(plat) levels exceeding 35 cmH(2)O.  相似文献   

5.
Traditional ventilator management of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), emphasizing normalization of blood gases, promoted high rates of conventional barotrauma. Research revealed a broader range of ventilator-induced lung injury, physiologically and histopathologically indistinguishable from ARDS itself. It is now known that overdistention and cyclic inflation of injured lung can exacerbate lung injury and probably promote systemic inflammation, effects minimized by low tidal volumes/plateau pressures and by application of positive end-expiratory pressure. No compelling data suggest a safe interval for nonprotective ventilation in humans; historically defined "low" tidal volumes may remain excessive for certain patients. Protective ventilation, however, entails carbon dioxide accumulation ("permissive hypercapnia"). Despite extensive study, debate remains, even over whether consequent respiratory acidosis is harmful, tolerable with physiologic adaptation, or intrinsically adaptive. Its gross systemic effects seem generally tolerated by critically ill patients; however, subsets, including those with ischemic heart disease, left or right heart failure, pulmonary hypertension, or cranial injury, may be at higher risk. In controlled trials demonstrating mortality benefit from lung-protective ventilation, acidosis was more tightly controlled than in negative studies. Decreased acidosis-associated dyspnea probably explains reduced use of sedatives and paralytics noted in those trials. There may thus be disparate goals in ARDS management: rapid institution of a restrictive ventilatory strategy, and avoidance of significant acidosis. We review data pertaining to ARDS physiology, ventilator-induced lung injury, lung-protective ventilatory strategies, and the physiology of respiratory acidosis. Tracheal gas insufflation is considered as a means to reconcile the clinical goals of ventilatory reduction and control of acidosis.  相似文献   

6.
为进一步规范和完善急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acute respiratory distress syndrome,ARDS)的诊断和分级,2011年欧洲重症医学学会发布了新的ARDS定义和诊断标准。综述迄今为止的研究资料,仅肺保护性通气策略被充分的证据证明可降低ARDS患者病死率,现有的证据虽不能证明其他的机械通气措施和非机械通气措施可改善ARDS患者生存率,但这些治疗措施能不同程度改善ARDS患者其他临床结局。在现有循证医学证据的基础上,我们可以考虑根据ARDS不同的严重程度予以强度递增的治疗措施,进行个体化的综合治疗。  相似文献   

7.
压力和容量控制通气在ARDS肺保护通气策略中的比较   总被引:16,自引:2,他引:14  
目的 比较急性呼吸窘迫综合征 (ARDS)时实行肺保护通气策略中 ,压力控制通气 (PCV)和容量控制通气 (VCV)模式对患者呼吸力学、血气及血流动力学的影响 ,并探讨其临床意义。方法  5 0例 ARDS患者按随机表法分为 PCV组和 VCV组进行机械通气治疗 ,均实行允许高碳酸血症策略和肺开放策略 ,比较两组患者呼吸力学、血气及血流动力学各指标的变化。结果  PCV组通气 2 4 h气道峰压低于 VCV组 ,而平均气道压高于 VCV组 ;两组通气 2 4 h后中心静脉压明显升高 ,而 VCV组上升更明显 ;两组治疗后心率显著减慢 ,PCV组改善更明显 ;两组同时间点平均动脉压比较均无显著性差异 ;两组均未发生气压伤 ;两组治疗2 4 h后 Pa O2 比治疗前均明显升高 ,PCV组改善更明显。结论 对于 ARDS患者在实行肺保护通气策略时 ,PCV和 VCV通气模式均可改善氧合 ,防止气压伤的发生 ,对患者血流动力学影响小 ,PCV模式控制气道峰压更有效 ;主张对于 ARDS患者尽量采用 PCV模式实行肺保护通气策略  相似文献   

8.

Purpose

High-frequency oscillation combined with tracheal gas insufflation (HFO-TGI) improves oxygenation in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). There are limited physiologic data regarding the effects of HFO-TGI on hemodynamics and pulmonary edema during ARDS. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of HFO-TGI on extravascular lung water (EVLW).

Materials and methods

We conducted a prospective, randomized, crossover study. Consecutive eligible patients with ARDS received sessions of conventional mechanical ventilation with recruitment maneuvers (RMs), followed by HFO-TGI with RMs, or vice versa. Each ventilatory technique was administered for 8 hours. The order of administration was randomly assigned. Arterial/central venous blood gas analysis and measurement of hemodynamic parameters and EVLW were performed at baseline and after each 8-hour period using the single-indicator thermodilution technique.

Results

Twelve patients received 32 sessions. Pao2/fraction of inspired oxygen and respiratory system compliance were higher (P < .001 for both), whereas extravascular lung water index to predicted body weight and oxygenation index were lower (P = .021 and .029, respectively) in HFO-TGI compared with conventional mechanical ventilation. There was a significant correlation between Pao2/fraction of inspired oxygen improvement and extravascular lung water index drop during HFO-TGI (Rs = − 0.452, P = .009).

Conclusions

High-frequency oscillation combined with tracheal gas insufflation improves gas exchange and lung mechanics in ARDS and potentially attenuates EVLW accumulation.  相似文献   

9.
目的 评价静脉注射重组人脑利钠肽(rhBNP)对急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者肺通气功能、尿量及肺损伤评分的影响.方法 30例ARDS患者随机分为rhBNP治疗组(n=15)和对照组(n=15), rhBNP治疗组在肺保护性通气策略为主的ICU综合治疗基础上持续 24 h静脉注射rhBNP 0.01 μg·kg~(-1)·h~(-1);对照组采取肺保护性通气策略为主的综合ICU治疗.比较两组患者治疗前后氧合指数(PaO_2/FiO_2)、尿量、心率、中心静脉压(CVP)及肺损伤评分、急性生理和慢性健康评分Ⅱ(APACHEⅡ)变化.结果 rhBNP治疗组治疗前后心率、CVP无明显变化,PaO_2/FiO_2、尿量明显增加(P<0.05),肺损伤评分、APACHEⅡ评分明显降低(P<0.05).对照组治疗前后尿量并无增加,PaO_2/FiO_2、肺损伤评分降低(P<0.05),两组尿量、PaO_2/FiO_2、肺损伤评分及APACHEⅡ评分比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 静脉注射rhBNP能显著改善机械通气ARDS患者的肺通气功能,并有显著利尿作用.  相似文献   

10.
There appears to be a great similarity between all of the various types of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndromes (ARDS) in that they are all characterized by progressively increasing interstitial edema in the lungs and a reduced functional residual capacity. Early diagnosis is mandatory and therapy should be started as soon as there is a reasonable suspicion, based on the patient's injury or illness and the previous condition of his lungs, that acute respiratory failure is developing. Sepsis, shock, CNS or thoracic disease and trauma are important associated factors. Blood gas changes usually cannot be appreciated clinically until the respiratory problem is quite severe. Accordingly, serial blood gas analyses should be performed on any patient who has a reasonable chance of developing ARDS. We have found that changes in the estimated AaDO2 on room air are especially helpful. Any deterioration in the patient's clinical condition, blood gases or ventilatory effort should be considered as an indication for early ventilatory assistance. Control of the primary process, careful dehydration, high tidal volumes, and PEEP are the mainstays of therapy. Serial blood gases and careful observation of the patient's effective compliance are essential to determine the optimal ventilator setting and the optimal amount of PEEP. Recently intermittent mandatory ventilation (IMV) with very large amounts of PEEP have been reported to be of value. Early administration of massive steroids should be considered if the patient fails to respond promptly to correction of the underlying etiologic problem, particularly sepsis, careful progressive dehydration and optimal expansion of the alveoli, with high tidal volumes and PEEP.  相似文献   

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