精神分裂症患者脑白质的磁共振扩散张量成像研究

目的应用磁共振扩散张量成像技术(DTI)对精神分裂症患者额叶及胼胝体压部脑白质损伤情况与临床症状之间的关系进行初步研究。方法对22例精神分裂症患者和20例健康志愿者进行脑部DTI扫描后,测量双侧额叶和胼胝体压部的各向异性分数值(FA),应用成组t检验对精神分裂症患者和正常健康对照组的相应区域进行比较,并用部分相关性检验对精神分裂症患者脑中各部位相应FA值与PANSS量表评分之间的关系进行统计。纤维束成像技术(DTT)重建胼胝体和扣带束。结果精神分裂症患者双侧额叶和胼胝体压部的FA值与正常对照组存在显著性差异(P<0.05),额叶FA值与PANSS量表评分之间存在正相关性(r=0.703,P<0.05),纤维束成像技术不能显示病例组和对照组的差别。结论精神分裂症患者与正常健康对照组存在脑白质细微结构的差异,DTI技术能够在一定程度上反映精神分裂症患者脑白质受损与临床症状的关系。     

Cardiorespiratory fitness is positively correlated with cerebral white matter integrity in healthy seniors

High cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an important protective factor reducing the risk of cardiac-related disability and mortality. Recent research suggests that high CRF also has protective effects on the brain's macrostructure and functional response. However, little is known about the potential relationship between CRF and the brain's white matter (WM) microstructure. This study explored the relationship between a comprehensive measure of CRF (VO₂ peak, total time on treadmill, and 1-minute heart rate recovery) and multiple diffusion tensor imaging measures of WM integrity. Participants were 26 healthy community dwelling seniors between the ages of 60 and 69 (mean = 64.79 years, SD = 2.8). Results indicated a positive correlation between comprehensive CRF and fractional anisotropy (FA) in a large portion of the corpus callosum. Both VO₂ peak and total time on treadmill contributed significantly to explaining the variance in mean FA in this region. The CRF-FA relationship observed in the corpus callosum was primarily characterized by a negative correlation between CRF and radial diffusivity in the absence of CRF correlations with either axial diffusivity or mean diffusivity. Tractography results demonstrated that portions of the corpus callosum associated with CRF primarily involved those interconnecting frontal regions associated with high-level motor planning. These results suggest that high CRF may attenuate age-related myelin declines in portions of the corpus callosum that interconnect homologous premotor cortex regions involved in motor planning.     

扩散张量成像观察重度吸烟者脑白质微观结构完整性

目的 采用基于示踪空间统计分析的扩散张量成像（TBSS-DTI）观察重度吸烟者（HS）脑白质微观结构的完整性。方法 根据中文版尼古丁依赖量表（FTND）筛选34名HS（HS组）和年龄、性别及教育水平匹配的非吸烟志愿者（NS）34名（NS组）,行TBSS-DTI采集,测量异常脑白质区扩散参数,包括轴向扩散系数（Da）,径向扩散系数（Dr）,平均扩散系数（MD）及FA,应用多元回归分析扩散参数与HS吸烟相关参数的相关性。结果 与NS组比较,HS组胼胝体左前部（包括胼胝体膝部和嘴体部）FA值降低。FA值降低脑区Da显著降低、Dr显著升高（P均<0.05）。胼胝体左前部Dr和MD与烟龄呈正相关（Dr：r=0.356,P=0.049;MD：r=0.405,P=0.024）。结论 HS胼胝体左前部白质微观结构完整性异常,并与烟龄相关,提示重度尼古丁依赖导致脑白质进行性退行性变。     

利用DTI对胶质瘤周围白质形态与参数的初探

目的 利用弥散张量成像(DTI)探讨正常人与胶质瘤患者脑白质纤维在形态和参数的区别,为临床诊疗提供客观依据.方法采用GE 3.0 T MR成像系统采集图像,利用自主开发的DTI图像处理平台分析9例脑部DTI图像,并用跟踪软件追踪白质纤维走行.结果通过图像处理所得的三维纤维跟踪图像再现了胶质瘤与周围脑白质的位置关系;病灶区及周围组织的 FA, RA, MD 值发生改变.结论 DTI技术有助于脑部胶质瘤的鉴别和诊断,能够协助术前手术计划的制定.     

Establishing the reproducibility of two approaches to quantify white matter tract integrity in stroke

Diffusion tensor imaging can provide unique and detailed information about white matter anatomy following stroke. Fiber tract reconstruction using tract-based techniques and cross-sectional region of interest delineation are two common approaches to quantify white matter integrity. After stroke, white matter tract integrity can be affected both locally and distally to the primary lesion location. It has been shown that tract disruption is associated with degree of functional impairment and response to skill training in participants with stroke. However, the reliability and validity of these approaches has not been systematically evaluated nor have the two approaches been directly compared in individuals with chronic stroke.Ten well-recovered individuals with chronic, right-sided, ischemic stroke in the sub-cortex and ten age-, gender- and handedness-matched healthy participants were studied. Semi-automated tractography of the ipsi- and contralesional corticospinal tract and cross-sectional region of interest drawing of the posterior limb of the internal capsule were performed bilaterally. Fractional anisotropy (FA) values and the hemispheric asymmetry in FA were the primary measures of tract integrity. Two raters performed each analysis method twice to evaluate inter- and intra-rater reliability. Participants with stroke were compared to healthy individuals to determine validity of each analysis approach. Correlational analyses were conducted to examine the relationships between the two approaches and the association between approaches and upper extremity motor impairment.Both analyses methods generally demonstrated good to excellent intra- and inter-rater reliability in each group (p < 0.05). Stroke participants demonstrated lower mean FA values in both ipsi- and contralesional tract integrity, and larger FA hemispheric asymmetry as compared with healthy individuals (p < 0.05). Comparison between the analysis approaches revealed significant associations between approaches across both groups and within each group (p < 0.05). In stroke, individual tract integrity was not correlated between approaches for ipsilesional (r = 0.26) or contralesional (0.15) tracts, nor was FA hemispheric asymmetry (r = 0.18). Additionally, contralesional mean FA quantified with the cross-sectional approach correlated with upper extremity motor impairment (r = 0.69).Importantly, this study is the first to systematically characterize the reliability of tract-based and cross-sectional DTI analysis approaches in well-recovered individuals with chronic stroke and matched healthy participants. Results suggest both tract-based and cross-sectional approaches to evaluate white matter tract integrity are reliable, can differentiate between groups of stroke and healthy participants, and are associated with one another. However, only mean FA values for the contralesional side derived using the cross-sectional approach were related to upper extremity impairment. Our findings suggest that each approach provides complimentary rather than redundant information regarding integrity and support the use of both approaches in combination in future investigations in well-recovered individuals with stroke.     

Changes in white matter diffusion anisotropy in adolescents born prematurely

Being born with very low birth weight (VLBW, birth weight相似文献   

White matter defects in first episode psychosis patients: A voxelwise analysis of diffusion tensor imaging

ObjectiveDisruptions in white matter structure have consistently been shown in schizophrenia — but mainly in patients in whom the illness is well-established. In order to determine whether white matter abnormalities are present at illness onset, and to minimise the potentially confounding effects of chronic illness and treatment, we used diffusion tensor imaging to study a large cohort of first episode psychotic patients who were medication-naive.MethodsSixty two first episode patients and 54 controls matched on age, sex, years of education and laterality index underwent diffusion tensor imaging. Data were acquired on a GE Signa NVi 1.5 Tesla System. Fractional anisotropy maps were generated on a voxel-by-voxel basis. An optimized voxel-based morphometry technique was conducted with two-stage registration approach. Group differences were examined using a non-parametric statistical method.ResultsThe voxelwise analysis revealed four clusters where fractional anisotropy values were significantly lower in patients than controls. These were localised bilaterally to regions of white matter corresponding to superior and inferior longitudinal fasciculus, forceps major, anterior and superior thalamic radiation and corpus callosum.ConclusionsReductions in white matter integrity are present early in the course of the schizophrenia and localised in fascicule that connect brain regions implicated in the disorder.     

Diffusion tensor imaging pipeline measures of cerebral white matter integrity: An overview of recent advances and prospects

Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) is a leading cause of age-related microvascular cognitive decline, resulting in significant morbidity and decreased quality of life. Despite a progress on its key pathophysiological bases and general acceptance of key terms from neuroimaging findings as observed on the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), key questions on CSVD remain elusive. Enhanced relationships and reliable lesion studies, such as white matter tractography using diffusion-based MRI (dMRI) are necessary in order to improve the assessment of white matter architecture and connectivity in CSVD. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and tractography is an application of dMRI that provides data that can be used to non-invasively appraise the brain white matter connections via fiber tracking and enable visualization of individual patient-specific white matter fiber tracts to reflect the extent of CSVD-associated white matter damage. However, due to a lack of standardization on various sets of software or image pipeline processing utilized in this technique that driven mostly from research setting, interpreting the findings remain contentious, especially to inform an improved diagnosis and/or prognosis of CSVD for routine clinical use. In this minireview, we highlight the advances in DTI pipeline processing and the prospect of this DTI metrics as potential imaging biomarker for CSVD, even for subclinical CSVD in at-risk individuals.     

大学生手机依赖者大脑白质纤维结构的磁共振弥散张量成像研究

目的运用弥散张量成像(diffusion tensor imagine,DTI)方法观察手机依赖组与正常被试组之间的大脑白质纤维束微结构完整性的差异,探讨手机依赖症大脑白质纤维束微结构改变的特征。材料与方法 25名手机依赖症者与23名健康对照者参加本研究,研究对象均为广州中医药大学深圳创新班的在校大学生。采用西门子3.0 T Trio MRI扫描仪进行DTI数据采集,组间各向异性分数(fractional anisotropy,FA)比较采用基于体素分析(voxel-based analysis,VBA)方法,采用双样本t检验分析两组差异,并进行Alpha Sim校正,取个数大于26的体素集合,校正后P0.005的像素被认为差异具有统计学意义;人口学统计比较采用SPSS 13.0软件中的两样本t检验。结果与正常组相比,手机依赖症组多个脑区FA值降低,主要包括额上回、眶额回、岛叶、中脑腹侧被盖区、海马、丘脑、小脑等功能区(P0.005);未发现FA值升高区域(P0.005)。结论手机依赖组在上述区域的白质纤维束微结构已发生变化,区域主要涉及奖赏环路、控制及执行能力等相关脑区。     

磁共振扩散张量成像在显示正常人脑白质纤维中的应用

目的应用DTI技术显示正常人脑白质纤维,探讨其与解剖学描述的一致性。方法20名健康志愿者行颅脑MRI与颅脑单次激发回波平面扩散张量成像扫描(b值=0,500s/mm2),在SiemensLeonardo工作站应用纤维束跟踪软件(SiemensStandar12dirs)进行后处理重建出白质纤维束。结果对主要白质纤维如皮质脊髓束、皮质核束、胼胝体、扣带、上纵束、下纵束、上枕额束、下枕额束、钩束进行模拟显示,不同纤维需要选择适合的感兴趣区、各向异性阈值、角度阈值、步长和体素内采样数目等参数,显示结果与解剖学描述具有较好的一致性。结论利用扩散张量成像技术可模拟显示正常人脑白质纤维,与解剖学描述具有较好的一致性,是在活体中研究人脑白质纤维的一种较可靠的方法。