内科住院患者参与口服用药安全现状的调查

目的了解内科住院患者参与口服用药安全的认知、态度和行为(knowledge,attitude,practice,KAP)现状及相关影响因素。方法自行设计调查问卷,2009年3-5月采用方便抽样的方法对上海市4所三级甲等医院心内科、呼吸科、消化科的275名住院患者进行调查。结果患者参与口服用药安全的认知、态度水平中等,分别为(3.71±0.56)分、(3.36±0.84)分;行为水平较低,为(2.63±0.41)分。文化程度高者、居住于城市者认知水平较高,文化程度高者、呼吸科患者态度水平较高;不同人口学特征的患者其行为水平无差异。结论内科住院患者参与口服用药安全的认知、态度处于中等水平,行为水平较低,且受到相关主客观因素的影响。     

128起给药错误分析

目的:描述给药错误的分类、给患者造成的后果、造成给药错误的原因。方法:对128起给药错误事件进行回顾性分析。结果:护士给药错误占所有给药错误的69.6%,护士转录错误占16.4%。给药错误的分类中,剂量错误占34.5%,其次为药物错误,占19.4%。96.1%的给药错误未对患者造成伤害。造成给药错误的原因中,医护人员个人因素占67.9%,其中违反操作规则,疏忽、粗心,转录错误为主要原因;组织系统因素占17.7%,其中工作频繁被打断、注意力分散、安排没有经验的员工为主要原因。结论:管理者应鼓励医护人员主动上报所有的给药错误,对给药错误的资料进行分析,对组织系统因素进行改善。     

Prescription and transcription errors in multidose‐dispensed medications on discharge from hospital: an observational and interventional study

Background Medication errors frequently occur when patients are transferred between health care settings. The main objective of this study was to investigate the frequency, type and severity of prescribing and transcribing errors for drugs dispensed in multidose plastic packs when patients are discharged from the hospital. The secondary objective was to correct identified errors and suggest measures to promote safe prescribing. Methods The drugs on the patients' multidose drug dispensing (MDD) order sheets and the medication administration records were reconciled prior to the MDD orders being sent to the pharmacy for dispensing. Discrepancies were recorded and the prescribing physician was notified and given the opportunity to change the order. Discrepancies categorized as unintentional and related to the discharge process were subject to further analysis. Results Seventy‐two (25%) of the 290 reviewed MDD orders had at least one discharge error. In total, 120 discharge errors were identified, of which 49 (41%) were assessed as being of moderate and three (3%) of major severity. Orders with a higher number of medications and orders from the orthopaedic wards had a significantly higher error rate. Conclusion The main purpose of the MDD system is to increase patient safety by reducing medication errors. However, this study shows that prescribing and transcribing errors frequently occur when patients are hospitalized. Because the population enrolled in the MDD system is an elderly, physically vulnerable group with a high number of prescribed drugs, preventive measures to ensure safe prescribing of MDD drugs are warranted.     

The contribution of patient interviews to the identification of drug‐related problems in home medication review

What is known and Objective: To determine to what extent patient interviews contribute to the identification of drug‐related problems (DRPs) in home medication reviews, in terms of number, type and clinical relevance. Methods: We performed a cross‐sectional study within the intervention arm of a randomized controlled trial. Patients were recruited from 10 Dutch community pharmacies. Patients were eligible if they were home‐dwelling, aged 65 years and over and used five or more different drugs, including at least one cardiovascular or antidiabetic drug. The community pharmacist interviewed the patient at home about the medicines and identified potential DRPs in combination with medication and clinical records. This medication review was assessed and modified by an independent pharmacist reviewers’ panel. Outcomes were the number and type of DRPs and recommendations and percentage of clinical relevant DRPs. Clinical relevance of DRPs was assessed by DRPs assigned a high priority, DRPs followed by recommendations for drug change and DRPs followed by implemented recommendations for drug change. Results: A total of 1565 potential DRPs and recommendations (10 per patient).were identified for 155 patients (median age, 76 years; 54% women). Fifty‐eight per cent of all recommendations involved a drug change; 27% of all DRPs were identified during patient interviews and 74% from medication and clinical records. Compared to DRPs identified from patient medication and clinical records, DRPs identified during patient interviews were more frequently assigned a high priority (OR = 1·8 [1·4–2·2]), were more frequently associated with recommendations for drug change (OR = 2·4 [1·9–3·1]) and were implemented recommendations for drug change (OR = 2·8 [2·1–3·7]). What is new and Conclusion: This study shows that more than a quarter of all DRPs were identified during patient interviews. DRPs identified during patient interviews were more frequently assigned a higher clinical relevance.     

老年住院患者对药物知识掌握情况的调查与分析

目的了解老年住院患者对药物知识的掌握情况。方法采用问卷调查和深入访谈法,对干部病房60名老年住院患者进行用药相关知识调查。结果老年患者缺乏用药知识,尤其是药物不良反应、服药注意事项及药物药理等方面的知识。结论老年患者用药知识缺乏现象明显,不同患者对用药知识需求存在差异,提示护士在日常工作中应加强对患者进行有针对性的药物知识宣教。     

The uptake of technologies designed to influence medication safety in Canadian hospitals

Background There are many technologies designed to improve medication safety. Although limited evidence supports their use, there are pressures to implement them. Objective To determine the uptake of technologies designed to improve medication safety, plans for adopting technologies, attitudes towards technology use, and perceptions of medication error. Methods We performed a cross‐sectional survey of pharmacy directors at Canada’s 100 largest acute‐care hospitals. Results Seventy‐eight per cent of surveyed hospitals responded. Responding hospitals averaged 499 beds and 29% were teaching facilities. Hospital frequently used clinical pharmacy services (97% of hospitals), pharmacy‐based intravenous admixture services (81%), computerized decision support modules for pharmacy order entry systems (77%), unit‐dose drug distribution systems (75%) and computerized medication administration records (67%). Hospitals infrequently used bar‐coding (9% of hospitals) and computerized physician order entry (9%). A majority of respondents and hospitals favoured expanded use of new technologies and planned for increased uptake. Respondents chose as their hospital’s next investment: automated dispensing (33%), bar‐coding (25%) and computerized physician order entry (12%). Conclusion Canadian hospitals appear poised to make sizeable investments in poorly evaluated technologies that address medication safety.