脉冲整脊技术联合腰椎小关节注射治疗腰椎小关节源性下腰痛的疗效

目的:观察脉冲整脊技术联合腰椎小关节注射治疗腰椎小关节源性下腰痛的疗效。方法:采用随机数字表法将56例腰椎小关节源性下腰痛患者分为研究组和对照组各28例。对照组仅给予腰椎小关节注射治疗,研究组在此基础上对病变腰椎小关节痛点辅以脉冲整脊技术治疗。治疗前后分别采用视觉模拟评分法(VAS)、腰椎JOA评分及其改善率对2组进行评定。结果:治疗1个月后,2组VAS评分均较治疗前明显降低(均P0.05),研究组更低于对照组(P0.05);治疗后,2组JOA评分均较治疗前明显升高(均P0.05),研究组更高于对照组(P0.05)。2组临床疗效比较,研究组明显优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:脉冲整脊技术联合腰椎小关节注射对腰椎小关节源性下腰痛疗效显著,值得临床推广。     

护理健康教育对射频治疗小关节源性下腰痛疗效影响的探讨

目的 采用不同时间点对射频治疗小关节源性下腰痛患者行护理健康教育,评估患者疼痛缓解程度。方法 选择接受射频治疗患者60例,随机分为4组。组1：常规护理组;组2：术前护理指导 常规护理组;组3：术后护理指导 常规护理组;组4：术前护理指导 术后护理指导 常规护理组。分别于术前、术后即刻、术后1周、术后2月行视觉模拟评分(VAS)。结果 术后即刻VAS评分,组2、组4较组1明显下降;术后2月VAS评分,组3、组4较组1明显下降。结论 同时进行术前、术后宣教,可使患者在各时间点都获得较常规护理更为有效的疼痛缓解。     

脉冲射频治疗椎间盘源性下腰痛的近期疗效

目的:观察椎间盘内脉冲射频治疗椎间盘源性下腰痛的近期疗效。方法:对20例椎间盘源性下腰痛患者行间盘内脉冲射频治疗,记录术前、术后1周、1月、3月和6月时患者的疼痛数字评分(numeric rating scales,NRS)和副作用发生情况。结果:术后6个月内患者NRS评分均较术前显著下降,无严重副作用。结论:间盘脉冲射频治疗椎间盘源性下腰痛的近期疗效满意,值得开展深入的前瞻对照研究。     

康复治疗对椎间盘源性下腰痛患者治疗依存性的影响

目的:探讨康复治疗对椎间盘源性下腰痛患者治疗依从性的影响。方法:将椎间盘源性下腰痛患者110例,随机分为对照组和治疗组,各55例。对照组采用腰椎正骨理筋按摩手法牵引、敦煌消定膏外敷;治疗组在对照组的基础上对患者进行康复治疗。比较2组治疗前后的有效率、依从性。结果:治疗组不仅有效率明显好于对照组,而且患者在久坐时,睡眠方式,自身锻炼,日常生活方式和重视程度方面的依从性明显好于对照组(P0.05)。结论:康复治疗不仅提高椎间盘源性下腰痛患者治疗的有效率,而且提高了患者的依从性,对治疗和预防本病的复发具有重要的意义。     

腰椎间盘源性下腰痛

下腰痛是骨科和疼痛科门诊中最为常见的疾患。普遍认为椎间盘突出是间盘疾病导致下腰尊的先决条件。最近研究表明，发生于椎间盘内部的病变也能引起下腰痛，它是由椎间盘自身结构病享所引起，称为腰椎间盘源性下腰痛，其发生机制目前尚不清楚。本文对腰椎间盘源性下腰痛发病机制的研究现状进行了综述。     

等离子射频消融术治疗椎间盘源性腰痛患者的护理

目的总结等离子射频消融术治疗椎间盘源性腰痛（discogenic low back pain,DLBP）患者的疗效和护理方法。方法回顾性分析2009年7月至2010年7月在北京医院治疗的20例椎间盘源性腰痛患者的临床资料,所有患者均接受等离子射频消融术治疗。术前重视心理护理、充分术前准备;术后给予体位护理、穿刺点护理、并发症观察与护理、功能锻炼指导、佩戴围腰、安全宣教及出院指导。患者术前和术后1周、1、3、6、12个月给予疼痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scale,VAs）并计算VAS缓解率;术前及术后6个月给予健康调查简表（the short form-36 health survery questionnaire,SF-36）评分。结果20例椎间盘源性腰痛患者经等离子射频消融术治疗,手术过程顺利,术后均随访12个月。术后1周、1、3、6、12个月时,患者VAS评分缓解率分别为70．8％、68．7％、67．1％、65．4％和64．7％。术前患者SF-36评分为（53．50±5．97）分,术后6个月评分为（80．10±7．01）分。结论等离子射频消融术治疗椎间盘源性腰痛,术后给予合理有效的护理措施和严密观察,对治疗效果有促进作用。     

脉冲射频治疗椎间盘源性下腰痛的护理体会

<正>椎间盘源性下腰痛是指椎间盘内各种病变刺激椎间盘内疼痛感受器所引起的腰痛,不伴有神经根性症状,无神经受压或节段活动过度的放射学证据,可引起功能的丧失[1]。近年来,微创、安全、无痛苦的介入治疗方法在椎间盘源性下腰痛治疗中异军突起,逐渐成为治疗椎间盘源性下腰痛的重要方法[2]。我院采用脉冲射频治疗椎间盘源性下腰痛患者26例,术后随访12个月以上均取得了满意效果,现将护理经验总结如下。     

前路与后路腰椎间盘切除后Cage植入治疗与射频治疗改善椎间盘源性下腰痛的效果比较

目的:比较采用射频疗法与前路和后路椎体间融合术治疗椎间盘源性下腰痛疗效差别。方法:①于1999-01/2005-08在解放军总医院骨科、北京大学第三医院骨科有完整临床资料的椎间盘源性腰痛患者53例,男33例,女20例;年龄33～58岁。纳入对象影像学检查显示无明显神经根受压、腰椎不稳等其他腰椎疾病;符合国际疼痛学会1988年制定的椎间盘造影阳性标准;均对治疗方案知情同意。②所有入选病例依据治疗方法不同分为3组:射频组21例:行经皮穿刺射频汽化成型术;前路椎体间融合组14例:行腹膜外椎间盘切除、Cage植入、结合后路经椎板关节突螺钉固定、髂骨取骨植骨融合术;后路椎体间融合组18例:行后路椎间盘切除、椎间Cage植入结合椎弓根螺钉内固定后外侧植骨融合术。③统计手术时间和出血量,术后1年进行放射学评估融合情况。采用目测类比评分评估患者疼痛程度(无痛为0分,腰痛到无法忍受的最大程度为10分)。参照Oswestry功能障碍指数评估患者腰部功能恢复程度(分值越高表示功能受限程度越重)。分别于术前、术后1年进行评分。改善率=[(术前评分-术后评分)/术前评分]×100%。分级标准,优:改善率≥75%。良:改善率50%～75%;可:改善率25%～50%;差:改善率<25%。④计量资料差异比较采用连续型重复测量资料的方差分析。结果:椎间盘性下腰痛患者53例均进入结果分析。①手术时间和出血量比较:后路椎体间融合组手术时间和手术出血量明显长于/高于其他2组(P<0.05),射频组明显短于/小于前路椎体间融合组(P<0.05)。②术后疼痛改善情况:射频组良9例,可10例,差2例;前路椎体间融合组和后路椎体间融合组疼痛评分改善均为优。射频组目测类比评分改善率明显低于其他2组(P<0.05)。③术后功能改善情况:射频组良5例,可13例,差3例;前路椎体间融合组优12例,良2例;后路椎体间融合组优6例,良12例。射频组Oswestry功能障碍指数改善率明显低于前、后路椎体间融合组(P<0.05),前路椎体间融合组Oswestry功能障碍指数改善率明显高于后路椎体间融合组(P<0.05)。④椎体融合情况:前、后路椎体间融合组术后1年椎体融合率均为100%。结论:射频治疗创伤小但疗效差,前路椎间盘切除Cage植入结合后路经椎板关节突螺钉固定与后路椎间盘切除椎间融合结合椎弓根固定可明显改善疼痛,前者创伤相对小,功能恢复更好,是治疗椎间盘源性腰痛的最佳选择。     

脊椎小关节介入治疗在慢性脊柱源性疼痛应用进展

慢性脊柱源性疼痛(Chronic Spinal Pain,CSP)是临床上常见的一种疾病,反复发作且久治难愈,不仅痛苦,而且严重影响生活质量。研究显示,约有49%~61%的慢性头颈痛患者、30%~53%的慢性胸壁痛患者以及27%~36%腰痛患者的症状源于小关节病变。临床针对CSP的诊断和治疗可采用微创介入手段,主要包括脊神经后支阻滞、小关节内注射、脊神经后支射频治疗及内镜下脊神经后支切断术等。以上治疗可缓解疼痛,改善症状,其短期疗效已得到认证,但长期疗效仍有争议。本文拟就脊柱微创介入治疗CSP的解剖学基础、操作方法、主要适应证、禁忌证及并发症等作一综述,旨在为临床合理应用提供理论和循证医学证据。     

对退行性腰椎关节源性腰痛行脊神经后支标准射频手术治疗的随机对照研究

目的:通过随机对照研究,评价腰脊神经后支标准射频术治疗退行性腰椎关节源性腰痛的安全性和有效性.方法:选取2008年6月至2010年6月间广东医学院附属南山医院患者96名纳入研究,所有患者均经诊断性腰椎脊神经后支阻滞有效,明确为腰椎关节源性腰痛.随后随机分为2组,A组采用X线影像引导下腰脊神经后支射频热凝术治疗,B组采用口服药物保守治疗,随访期2年.利用视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scores,VAS)进行治疗前后疗效评定.以VAS评分小于治疗前的50％视为优良疗效,反之视为疗效不佳.利用Kaplan-Meier生存曲线与Log-Rank检验进行2组疗效对比.记录手术并发症与用药不良发应.结果:A组VAS评分回到术前50％的平均时间是196 d,B组为35d (P＜0.01).在第27周(治疗后200 d),A组32名患者疗效评价仍为优良,B组为1名.A组疗效优良率显著高于B组(P＜0.01).B组15例患者出现胃部不适,纳差,经对症治疗后消失.A组2例患者术后出现神经支配区域的皮肤麻木,无感染及脊神经前支损伤等并发症.结论:对于退行性腰椎小关节源性腰痛,腰椎脊神经后支射频热凝术相比保守治疗,能够更有效的长期缓解疼痛,且操作安全,不良反应很少.     

No immediate analgesic effect of diadynamic current in patients with nonspecific low back pain in comparison to TENS

Background and design

Chronic nonspecific low back pain (CNSLBP) has major socioeconomic as well as personal impact in many industrialized and developing countries. Physiotherapy is a common intervention for this group of patients and using anti-pain physical modalities is a common part of the physical therapy. In a randomized controlled trial we investigated the immediate effect of the Diadynamic current in comparison to TENS on reducing the pain in patients suffering from non specific chronic low back pain.

Analyzing chronic low back pain: the relative contribution of pain coping strategies

Sixty-two chronic low back pain patients were administered the Coping Strategies Questionnaire (CSQ) to assess the frequency of use and perceived effectiveness of a variety of cognitive and behavioral pain coping strategies. Analysis of individual variables revealed that CSQ factors, gender, physical examination findings, and chronicity of pain had significant effects on one or more of a series of pain, psychological distress or behavioral measures. To assess the relative contribution of each of these variables hierarchical stepwise regression analyses were carried out. These analyses revealed that the Helplessness factor of the CSQ explained 50% of the variance in psychological distress (Global Severity Index of the SCL-90R), and 46% of the variance in depression (Beck Depression Inventory). Patients scoring high on this CSQ factor had significantly higher levels of psychological distress. None of the demographic or medical status variables explained a significant proportion of variance in the psychological distress measures. The Diverting Attention and Praying factor of the CSQ explained a moderate (9%), but significant amount of variance in pain report. Patients scoring high on this factor had higher scores on the McGill Pain Questionnaire. Coping strategies were not strongly related to pain behavior measures such as guarding or uptime. A consideration of pain coping strategies may allow one to design pain coping skills training interventions so as to fit the needs of the individual low back pain patient.     

Knowledge translation from continuing education to physiotherapy practice in classifying patients with low back pain

Objectives:Physical therapists have used continuing education as a method of improving their skills in conducting clinical examination of patients with low back pain (LBP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate how well the pathoanatomical classification of patients in acute or subacute LBP can be learned and applied through a continuing education format. The patients were seen in a direct access setting.Methods:The study was carried out in a large health-care center in Finland. The analysis included a total of 57 patient evaluations generated by six physical therapists on patients with LBP. We analyzed the consistency and level of agreement of the six physiotherapists’ (PTs) diagnostic decisions, who participated in a 5-day, intensive continuing education session and also compared those with the diagnostic opinions of two expert physical therapists, who were blind to the original diagnostic decisions. Evaluation of the physical therapists’ clinical examination of the patients was conducted by the two experts, in order to determine the accuracy and percentage agreement of the pathoanatomical diagnoses.Results:The percentage of agreement between the experts and PTs was 72–77%. The overall inter-examiner reliability (kappa coefficient) for the subgroup classification between the six PTs and two experts was 0.63 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0.47–0.77], indicating good agreement between the PTs and the two experts. The overall inter-examiner reliability between the two experts was 0.63 (0.49–0.77) indicating good level of agreement.Discussion:Our results indicate that PTs’ were able to apply their continuing education training to clinical reasoning and make consistently accurate pathoanatomic based diagnostic decisions for patients with LBP. This would suggest that continuing education short-courses provide a reasonable format for knowledge translation (KT) by which physical therapists can learn and apply new information related to the examination and differential diagnosis of patients in acute or subacute LBP.     

Knowledge translation from continuing education to physiotherapy practice in classifying patients with low back pain

Abstract

Objectives:

Physical therapists have used continuing education as a method of improving their skills in conducting clinical examination of patients with low back pain (LBP). The purpose of this study was to evaluate how well the pathoanatomical classification of patients in acute or subacute LBP can be learned and applied through a continuing education format. The patients were seen in a direct access setting.

Methods:

The study was carried out in a large health-care center in Finland. The analysis included a total of 57 patient evaluations generated by six physical therapists on patients with LBP. We analyzed the consistency and level of agreement of the six physiotherapists’ (PTs) diagnostic decisions, who participated in a 5-day, intensive continuing education session and also compared those with the diagnostic opinions of two expert physical therapists, who were blind to the original diagnostic decisions. Evaluation of the physical therapists’ clinical examination of the patients was conducted by the two experts, in order to determine the accuracy and percentage agreement of the pathoanatomical diagnoses.

Results:

The percentage of agreement between the experts and PTs was 72–77%. The overall inter-examiner reliability (kappa coefficient) for the subgroup classification between the six PTs and two experts was 0·63 [95% confidence interval (CI): 0·47–0·77], indicating good agreement between the PTs and the two experts. The overall inter-examiner reliability between the two experts was 0·63 (0·49–0·77) indicating good level of agreement.

Discussion:

Our results indicate that PTs’ were able to apply their continuing education training to clinical reasoning and make consistently accurate pathoanatomic based diagnostic decisions for patients with LBP. This would suggest that continuing education short-courses provide a reasonable format for knowledge translation (KT) by which physical therapists can learn and apply new information related to the examination and differential diagnosis of patients in acute or subacute LBP.     

The reliability of clinical judgments and criteria associated with mechanisms-based classifications of pain in patients with low back pain disorders: a preliminary reliability study

Mechanisms-based classifications of pain have been advocated for their potential to aid understanding of clinical presentations of pain and improve clinical outcomes. However, the reliability of mechanisms-based classifications of pain and the clinical criteria upon which such classifications are based are not known. The purpose of this investigation was to assess the inter- and intra-examiner reliability of clinical judgments associated with: (i) mechanisms-based classifications of pain; and (ii) the identification and interpretation of individual symptoms and signs from a Delphi-derived expert consensus list of clinical criteria associated with mechanisms-based classifications of pain in patients with low back (±leg) pain disorders. The inter- and intra-examiner reliability of an examination protocol performed by two physiotherapists on two separate cohorts of 40 patients was assessed. Data were analysed using kappa and percentage of agreement values. Inter- and intra-examiner agreement associated with clinicians’ mechanisms-based classifications of low back (±leg) pain was ‘substantial’ (kappa  = 0.77; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.57–0.96; % agreement  = 87.5) and ‘almost perfect’ (kappa  = 0.96; 95% CI: 0.92–1.00; % agreement = 92.5), respectively. Sixty-eight and 95% of items on the clinical criteria checklist demonstrated clinically acceptable (kappa ⩾ 0.61 or % agreement ⩾ 80%) inter- and intra-examiner reliability, respectively. The results of this study provide preliminary evidence supporting the reliability of clinical judgments associated with mechanisms-based classifications of pain in patients with low back (±leg) pain disorders. The reliability of mechanisms-based classifications of pain should be investigated using larger samples of patients and multiple independent examiners.     

Prevalence of facet joint pain in chronic low back pain in postsurgical patients by controlled comparative local anesthetic blocks

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prevalence of facet joint pain in patients with chronic low back pain (CLBP) after surgical intervention(s). DESIGN: A prospective, nonrandomized, consecutive study. SETTING: An ambulatory interventional pain management setting. PARTICIPANTS: The prevalence of facet joint pain was evaluated in patients with CLBP after various surgical intervention(s) referred to an interventional pain management practice. The sample was derived from 282 patients with persistent CLBP after various surgical intervention(s). Of these, 242 patients consented to undergo interventional techniques. A total of 117 consecutive patients with chronic, nonspecific low back pain, after lumbar surgical intervention(s) were evaluated with controlled, comparative local anesthetic blocks. INTERVENTIONS: Controlled, comparative local anesthetic blocks (1% lidocaine or 1% lidocaine followed by .25% bupivacaine) under fluoroscopic visualization using 0.5mL to block each facet joint nerve. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: A positive response was defined as at least 80% reduction of pain with ability to perform previously painful movements. A positive response was considered to be pain relief from the lidocaine block lasting at least 1 hour or at least 2 hours or greater than duration of relief with lidocaine when bupivacaine was used. Controlled, comparative local anesthetic blocks were used to eliminate false-positive results. Valid information is only obtained by performing controlled blocks in the form of comparative local anesthetic blocks, in which, on 2 separate occasions, the same joint is anesthetized by using local anesthetics with different durations of action. If patients obtained appropriate response with both blocks, they were considered a positive. If they obtained appropriate response with lidocaine but not with bupivacaine, they were considered false-positive, whereas if the response was negative with lidocaine, they were considered negative. RESULTS: The prevalence of lumbar facet joint pain in patients with recurrent pain after various surgical intervention(s) was 16% (95% confidence interval, 9%-23%). The false-positive rate with a single block with lidocaine was 49%. CONCLUSIONS: Facet joints are clinically important pain generators in a small but significant proportion of patients with recurrent CLBP after various surgical intervention(s).     

Immediate effect of pain neuroscience education for recent onset low back pain: an exploratory single arm trial

Study Design: A prospective, single-arm, pre-postintervention study.

Objective: To determine the preliminary usefulness of providing pain neuroscience education (PNE) on improving pain and movement in patients presenting with non-chronic mechanical low back pain (LBP).

Background: PNE has been shown to be an effective intervention for the treatment of chronic LBP but its usefulness in patients with non-chronic LBP has not been examined.

Methods: A single group cohort pilot study was conducted. Eighty consecutive patients with LBP < 3 months completed a demographics questionnaire, leg and LBP rating (Numeric Pain Rating Scale – NPRS), disability (Oswestry Disability Index), fear-avoidance (Fear-Avoidance Beliefs Questionnaire), pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale), central sensitization (Central Sensitization Inventory), pain knowledge (Revised Neurophysiology of Pain Questionnaire), risk assessment (Keele STarT Back Screening Tool), active trunk flexion and straight leg raise (SLR). Patients received a 15-minute verbal, one-on-one PNE session, followed by repeat measurement of LBP and leg pain (NPRS), trunk flexion and SLR.

Results: Immediately after intervention, LBP and leg pain improved significantly (p < 0.001), but the mean change did not exceed minimal clinically important difference (MCID) of 2.0. Active trunk flexion significantly improved (p < 0.001), with the mean improvement (4.7 cm) exceeding minimal detectible change (MDC). SLR improved significantly (p = 0.002), but mean change did not exceed MDC.

Conclusions: PNE may be an interesting option in the treatment of patients with non-chronic mechanical LBP. The present pilot study provides the rationale for studying larger groups of patients in controlled studies over longer periods of time.     

Parenteral corticosteroids for Emergency Department patients with non-radicular low back pain

Although not recommended for low back pain, the efficacy of systemic corticosteroids has never been evaluated in a general low back pain population. To test the efficacy of systemic corticosteroids for Emergency Department (ED) patients with low back pain, a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of long-acting methylprednisolone was conducted with follow-up assessment 1 month after ED discharge. Patients with non-traumatic low back pain were included if their straight leg raise test was negative. The primary outcome was a comparison of the change in a numerical rating scale (NRS) 1 month after discharge. Of 87 subjects randomized, 86 were successfully followed to the 1-month endpoint. The change in NRS between discharge and 1 month differed between the two groups by 0.6 (95% confidence interval −1.0 to 2.2), a clinically and statistically insignificant difference. Disability, medication use, and healthcare resources utilized were comparable in both groups. Corticosteroids do not seem to benefit patients with acute non-radicular low back pain.     

Superficial temperature and pain tolerance in patients with chronic low back pain

IntroductionLow back pain is a common and very prevalent disease and can impose limitations that negatively impact patients. The objective of this study was to verify and compare the association between lumbar superficial temperature and pressure pain tolerance thresholds in individuals with chronic nonspecific low back pain and healthy controls.MethodsThis was a cross-sectional observational study involving 38 individuals with nonspecific chronic low back pain and 19 healthy controls. Volunteers underwent thermographic (infrared sensor), pain perception (visual analog scale), and pressure pain tolerance thresholds (algometry) evaluations in the right and left paravertebral muscles and L4-L5 ligament.ResultsA lower tolerance to pressure pain was found in patients compared to controls at all evaluated sites (p ≤ 0.003). Superficial temperature was significantly higher in the sites evaluated in the low back pain group (p < 0.001). In patients with low back pain, pain perception was weakly and inversely correlated with pressure pain tolerance (r = -0.31; p = 0.05) and moderately correlated to the temperature of the evaluated sites (r = 0.51 to 0.59, p ≤ 0.001). Also, an inverse and weak to moderate association was observed between pressure pain tolerance thresholds and temperature in patients only (r = -0.36 to −0.49; p ≤ 0.02).ConclusionIndividuals with low back pain have lower pressure pain tolerance thresholds and higher superficial temperature in the lumbar region when compared to healthy individuals. The associations observed show that the higher the pain perception, the lower the pain tolerance and the higher the superficial temperature in the lumbar region. Also, the higher the temperature, the lower the pain tolerance.     

The concept of consequences of disease in patients with low back pain

This paper is based on 212 patients operated on 1 year earlier for lumbar disc herniation. We should have liked to find severity scales for impairment in the ICIDH. The severity scale for disability was not practical for use with low back pain patients. Assignment to the different scale categories of occupation handicap was relatively easy. As a theoretical model of the process of an individual's illness we found it helpful to use that proposed by Purola. The ICIDH concepts seem like a bridge between the medical (internal system) and social connexions (external system) of illness.

Résumé Ce document se fonde sur 212 patients ayant été opérés l an avant d'une hernie discale lombaire. Nous aurions aimé trouver des échelles de gravité de la déficience dans l'ICIDH. L'échelle de gravité de l'incapacité n'est pas d'application pratique pour les patients souffrant de douleurs du bas du dos. L'affectation aux différentes catégories d'échelle de handicap professionnel est relativement facile. Comme modèle théorique du processus de maladie d'un individu, nous avons trouvé utile le modèle proposé par Purola. Les concepts ICIDH semblent représenter une sorte de pont entre connections médicales (système interne) et sociales (système externe) d'une maladie.

Zusammenfassung Diese Untersuchung beruht auf 212 Patienten, die um 1 Jahr früher wegen Lumbalbandscheibenvorfall operiert wurden. Wir waren bestrebt, schwierige Fälle für Verschlechterung in der ICIDH zu finden. Der Grad der Behinderung eignete sich nicht bei Patienten mit Kreuzschmerzen. Die Unterteilung der verschiedenen, berufsbedingten Behinderungen war relativ einfach. Das theoretische Modell von Purola war besonders nützlich für die Krankheitsentwicklung eines Patienten. Das ICIDH-Konzept erscheint wie eine Brücke zwischen medizinischen (internes System) und sozialen (externes System) Zusammenhängen von Krankheiten.

Resumen Esta comunicación está basada sobre 212 pacientes operados l año antes de prolapso de disco lumbar. Nos hubiera agradado encontrar escalas de gravedad de impedimento en ICIDH. La escala de gravedad para incapacitación no se consideró práctica para su uso con personas que padecen de dolor lumbar. La asignación a las distintas categorías de la escala de minusvalidez ocupacional resultó relativamente fácil. Encontramos de utilidad el empleo como modelo teórico del proceso de la enfermedad de un individuo el propuesto por Purola. Los conceptos del ICIDH parecen servir de puente entre las conexiones médicas (sistema interno) y las sociales (sistcma externo) de la enfermedad.