首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
随着母乳喂养自我效能概念的提出,母乳喂养自我效能对婴儿喂养方式的预测作用逐渐受到国内外学者的重视。母乳喂养自我效能量表及其简表作为母乳喂养自我效能的研究工具,已在多个国家推广运用,均显示其具有良好的信度、效度。影响母乳喂养自我效能的因素较多,如产妇的年龄、产次、母乳喂养行为、文化程度、配偶的支持等。临床护理中正确运用母乳喂养自我效能研究工具进行母乳喂养评价和指导,能及时发现母乳喂养中存在的问题并帮助产妇及时解决母乳喂养问题,从而提高整体母乳喂养水平。  相似文献   

2.
目的翻译并修订工作场所母乳喂养支持量表(WBSS),并检验其信效度。方法采用Brislin翻译模式对WBSS进行翻译-回译;通过文化调试和预试验对量表条目进行修改完善。采用便利抽样法,于2020年6—9月,选取铜仁市妇幼保健院320名儿保科儿童母亲作为研究对象。采用中文版WBSS调查儿童母亲的工作场所母乳喂养支持情况。采用临界比值法和相关系数法进行量表的项目分析;采用内容效度指数(CVI)和探索性因子分析评价量表的效度;采用Cronbach'sα系数、折半信度系数和重测信度系数评价量表的信度。结果中文版WBSS条目水平CVI为0.833~1.000,量表水平的平均CVI为0.958;探索性因子分析共提取3个公因子,累计方差贡献率为57.973%。中文版WBSS的Cronbach'sα系数为0.805,折半信度系数为0.800,重测信度系数为0.948。最终形成的中文版WBSS共包括3个维度(同事支持、环境支持、设施支持)12个条目。结论中文版WBSS具有良好的信度和效度,可以用于工作场所母乳喂养支持状况的评估。  相似文献   

3.
孕妇对母乳喂养自信心及其影响因素的研究   总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6  
目的分析孕妇对母乳喂养自信心现状及其影响因素。方法采用自行设计的基本资料问卷、中文版母乳喂养自信心量表和社会支持量表,对2009年9月至12月在厦门市3所三级甲等医院产科门诊随访的201例孕妇进行母乳喂养自信心及其影响因素研究。结果孕妇对母乳喂养自信心平均水平为(3.50±0.68)分。母乳喂养间接经验、决定时间、爱人对母乳喂养的态度和社会支持度是孕妇对母乳喂养自信心的主要影响因素,其中社会支持对母乳喂养的态度影响最大。结论孕妇对母乳喂养自信心有待提高,护理工作者要充分利用母乳喂养间接经验的模范示范作用,尽早开展以家庭为中心的母乳喂养宣教,并为孕妇提供广泛的社会支持,提高孕妇对母乳喂养的自信心,从而提高母乳喂养率和延长母乳喂养时间。  相似文献   

4.
顾红芳 《全科护理》2021,19(7):980-983
目的:分析住院初产妇母乳喂养自信心影响因素,并提出针对性的干预措施。方法:采用方便抽样方法,选择2019年3月—2019年5月在医院分娩的初产妇共148例为研究对象。采用自行设计的一般资料调查表、母乳喂养知识掌握调查表和中文版母乳喂养信心量表,在产妇出院当天进行问卷调查,并将问卷结果进行单因素分析和Logistic多元回归分析。结果:本组初产妇母乳喂养自信心得分为(84.01±17.53)分。单因素分析显示,不同年龄、初产妇职业、主要照顾者、分娩方式、孕期健康教育讲座参与情况、喂养知识掌握情况的初产妇母乳喂养自信心得分比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Logistic多元回归分析显示,初产妇职业、主要照顾者、母乳喂养知识掌握情况是初产妇母乳喂养自信心的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论:初产妇母乳喂养自信心较低,母乳喂养自信心受多因素的影响,需结合初产妇个体情况,予以针对性干预,以提高母乳喂养自信心,从而强化母乳喂养依从性。  相似文献   

5.
目的 测量母乳喂养家庭支持问卷的信度和效度.方法 通过查阅文献以及专家讨论编制问卷,邀请来自产科、助产教育方面的5位副高级以上并对母乳喂养领域比较熟悉的专家对问卷各条目进行评定,综合专家的意见对条目进行修订.方便选取北京地区某三级甲等医院住院分娩的初产妇101例填写自行编制的母乳喂养家庭支持问卷,回收完整有效问卷100份,应用Cronbach's α信度系数及因素分析法测量该问卷的信度和效度.结果 本母乳喂养家庭支持问卷具有良好的信度,Cronbach' sα信度系数为0.886.问卷的结构由2个主要因子组成,即心理支持(因子1)和行为支持(因子2),通过主成分分析所得到的初始因子的总方差解释率达到了70%以上,所有条目对于其所属公因子的负荷大于0.7.100例产妇初出院后7d的全母乳喂养率为31%,感知到的家庭支持为中等程度,(2.67±0.45)分,采取母乳喂养的初产妇的家庭支持(2.99±0.49)分,高于混合喂养(2.72 ±0.30)分及人工喂养者(2.28±0.27)分,差异有统计学意义(F=29.28,P<0.01).结论 母乳喂养家庭支持问卷具有良好的信度和效度,在今后的临床及研究工作中可以加以利用.  相似文献   

6.
目的 了解哺乳期乳腺炎患者母乳喂养自信心现状并分析其影响因素,为进一步制定母乳喂养支持策略提供参考。方法 采用便利抽样法选取2021年8月~2022年1月就诊于重庆市某三甲医院乳腺科的165例哺乳期乳腺炎患者作为研究对象,使用一般资料调查表、母乳喂养自信心量表(BESE)对其进行调查,应用单因素、多元线性回归等方法进行影响因素分析。结果 165例哺乳期乳腺炎患者母乳喂养自信心得分为(65.67±10.67)分,处于偏低水平,多元线性回归分析结果显示,是否存在乳头凹陷、患乳腺炎次数、分娩次数及是否有足够的产假为其主要影响因素(P<0.05)。结论 哺乳期乳腺炎患者母乳喂养自信心较低,医护人员应实施针对性的干预措施,积极调动其社会支持系统,提升其母乳喂养技能与信心。同时,保健机构需加强对相关因素的宣传与干预,用人单位应积极保障母乳喂养条件,以进一步提升哺乳期的母乳喂养质量。  相似文献   

7.
母乳喂养自信心的护理干预对初产妇母乳喂养的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
黄俊岭 《天津护理》2011,19(2):65-67
目的:探讨实施针对提高母乳喂养自信心的护理干预方法,提高初产妇母乳喂养成功率。方法:选择自然分娩和剖宫产术后138例健康初产妇,随机分为干预组72例、对照组66例。在产后使用修订版母乳喂养自信心量表(BSES)评估初产妇的母乳喂养自信心水平,干预组通过对产妇实施针对提高母乳喂养自信心的护理干预。产后42天了解两组初产妇的母乳喂养情况。结果:产后42天,干预组和对照组初产妇母乳喂养自信心量表评分分别为136.18±12.35和125.70±18.43,差异具有显著统计学意义(P〈0.01)。干预组的母乳喂养率及纯母乳喂养率均高于对照组(P〈0.05)。结论:对初产妇实施针对提高母乳喂养自信心的护理干预,能增强初产妇母乳喂养自信心,提高母乳喂养率和纯母乳喂养率,能在一定程度上预测和促进母乳喂养行为。  相似文献   

8.
目的探讨网络信息支持对初产妇母乳喂养效果的影响。方法采用方便抽样法,选取2013年8月-2014年8月入产科检查的孕妇192例作为研究对象。按照随机数字表法将产妇分为对照组(94例)和实验组(98例)。对照组采用常规护理措施,实验组在常规护理基础上,采用网络信息支持干预。分别于产后1周、3个月调查产妇的母乳喂养率,采用母乳喂养自信心量表(breastfeeding self-efficacy scale,BSES)评估母乳喂养自信心,采用母乳喂养知识问卷调查产妇母乳喂养知识掌握程度。结果实验组产妇在产后1周、3个月的母乳喂养率均高于对照组;实验组母乳喂养自信心高于对照组;实验组母乳喂养知识掌握程度好于对照组。结论网络信息支持可提高初产妇母乳喂养率,加强母乳喂养自信心。  相似文献   

9.
目的 调查母乳喂养现状,分析影响母乳喂养率的因素,解决影响母乳喂养中问题,提高母乳喂养率.方法 采用自行设计的问卷对260例产妇进行母乳喂养状况进行调查分析.结果 260例产妇中纯母乳喂养率为76.2%.分娩方式、开奶时间、乳头异常以及家属态度、产妇自信心、产后抑郁等社会心理因素影响母乳喂养率(P<0.01,P<0.05).结论 应针对母乳喂养的影响因素采取相应的措施,以提高母乳喂养率.  相似文献   

10.
母乳喂养测评量表的建立及应用   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 建立母乳喂养测评量表,并对母乳喂养有效性进行测定.方法 采用临床调研、专家咨询、文献回顾、理论研究、预调查的方法建立母乳喂养测评量表 应用特制的测评量表对出院母婴进行临床调查,并对量表的信效度进行分析.结果 母乳喂养测评量表Cronbach's α为0.82 Spearman秩相关系数为0.901 5 内容效度与结构效度分析具有合理、稳定的专业结构.应用量表对出院母婴进行测定,平均母乳喂养有效率为40.22%.结论 建立的母乳喂养测评量表以母婴的临床交互过程为基础,具有较高的信效度,临床母乳喂养评定效果良好.  相似文献   

11.
Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.  相似文献   

12.
Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.  相似文献   

13.
This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.  相似文献   

14.
目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4%(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7%(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3%(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1% (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9% (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8%(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大<6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8~10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1%(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9%(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2%(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 %(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.  相似文献   

15.
ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.  相似文献   

16.
The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.  相似文献   

17.
18.
目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高<20%视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P<0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P<0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P<0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.  相似文献   

19.
Ranganath C  Heller AS  Wilding EL 《NeuroImage》2007,35(4):1663-1673
Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.  相似文献   

20.
Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号