Hydatidiform mole in a scar on the uterus: A case report

BACKGROUND Cesarean scar molar pregnancy is extremely rare,but the incidence has been rising due to the continuous increase in the rate of cesarean section.The presence of a hydatidiform mole in the scar left on the uterus by the procedure may lead to severe complications.We performed a literature review and found only seven reported cases of cesarean scar molar pregnancy.Accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment are extremely important for the patients’prognosis.CASE SUMMARY A 35-year-old woman,gravida 4,para 1,complained of vaginal bleeding lasting more than 1 mo and amenorrhea lasting more than 2 mo.The patient’s serum human chorionic gonadotropin was 4287800 IU/L.Ultrasound showed a 11.5 cm×7.5 cm mass at the anterior lower wall of the uterus.The patient underwent suction evacuation,and partial grape-like tissue mixed with blood clots was removed.Uterine arterial embolization was performed to control intraoperative and postoperative bleeding.Histological examination confirmed the presence of a hydatidiform mole in uterine scar.After surgery,there was still a mass with heterogeneous intensity near the isthmus of the uterus on magnetic resonance imaging.The patient then underwent chemotherapy.During the 6-mo follow-up period,the mass disappeared and the serum human chorionic gonadotropin level gradually decreased to normal level.CONCLUSION We report a case of cesarean scar molar pregnancy successfully cured by comprehensive treatment.We found that cesarean scar molar pregnancy was subject to intraoperative bleeding,and uterine arterial embolization before surgery may be helpful.     

瘢痕子宫再次剖宫产时前置胎盘风险的评估

目的 探讨瘢痕子宫再次妊娠伴有前置胎盘再次行剖宫产的并发症及其防治.方法 收集分析2006年1月至2010年4月在我院行单胎再次剖宫产337例患者的临床资料,其中伴有前置胎盘者26例,同期单胎初次剖宫产6832例,其中伴有前置胎盘者201例.结果 瘢痕子宫再次妊娠的前置胎盘发生率为7.72%(26/337),明显高于初次剖宫产组的2.94%(201/6832),差异有统计学意义(x2=22.33,P＜0.01);且更易并发中央性前置胎盘(42.30%与0.00%,x2=0.43,P＜0.01).瘢痕子宫伴前置胎盘再次剖宫产组的子宫破裂率、胎盘植入率、产后出血率、子宫切除率分别为26.92%(7/26)、23.08%(6/26)、26.92%(7/26)、7.69%(2/26),而瘢痕子宫不伴前置胎盘组的以上发生率分别为2.57%(8/311)、0.32%(1/311)、1.29%(4/311)、0.00%(0/311),差异有统计学意义(x2值分别为27.97、50.41、42.16、12.79,P均＜0.01).结论 瘢痕子宫再次妊娠时前置胎盘发生率增加,且中央性比例增高,瘢痕子宫伴前置胎盘更易发生子宫破裂、胎盘植入、产后出血,甚至切除子宫,故降低剖宫产率、降低风险、提高产科质量非常重要.

Abstract：

Objective To explore the complications and the treatments of repeated cesarean delivery in scar uterus pregnancy accompanied by the placenta praevia. Methods We performed a retrospective study in 6832 cases underwent first cesarean delivery,within which 201 cases were accompanied by the placenta praevia;and 337 cases underwent repeated cesarean deliver, within which 26 cases were accompanied by the placenta praevia. All subjects accepted cesarean delivery from January2006 toApril 2010 in our hospital. Results The occurrence rate of placenta previa was significantly higher in the repeated cesarean delivery than first-ever cesarean delivery (7. 72% vs 2. 94%, x2 = 22. 33, P ＜ 0. 01 ) , especially the occurrence of complete placenta previa (42. 30% vs 0. 00%, x2 = 80. 43, P ＜ 0. 01 ). The rates of uterus rupture, placenta accreta, postpartum hemorrhage and hysterectomy (r = 26. 92% ,23.08% ,26. 92% and 7. 69%, respectively) in repeated cesarean delivery in scar uterus pregnancy accompanied by the placenta praevia were significantly higher than those of the cases ( r = 2. 57% ,0. 32%, 1.29% and 0. 00%, respectively ) had repeated cesarean delivery in scar uterus pregnancy but no placenta previa ( x2 = 27.97,50. 41,42. 16,12. 79, respectively, Ps ＜ 0. 01 ). Conclusion The incidence of placenta previa increased in scar uterus pregnancy, especially the complete placental previa.Scar uterus pregnancy accompanied by the placenta praevia are more likely to occur uterus rupture,placenta accreta,postpartum hemorrhage and had hysterectomy. Obstetricians should give more effort to reduce the cesarean section rate,improve the quality of medical care.     

Intrauterine cystic adenomyosis:Report of two cases

BACKGROUND Cystic adenomyosis is a special type of adenomyosis. Its clinical manifestations lack specificity. Pelvic ultrasound and nuclear magnetic resonance imaging can help clarify the diagnosis. Because cystic uterine adenomyosis is rare in clinical work, it can be easily misdiagnosed or its diagnosis can be missed. Early surgical treatment and postoperative drug treatment can alleviate dysmenorrhea,menorrhagia, anemia, and other symptoms.CASE SUMMARY Two cases complained about abnormal vaginal bleeding and were diagnosed with intrauterine cystic adenomyosis by gynecological ultrasound and pathological examination. The clinical manifestations included dysmenorrhea,hypermenorrhea, and a history of cesarean section. Both cases underwent a surgery, and chocolate-like liquid was released from the cystic mass in the uterus and the manifestations were relieved.CONCLUSION Intrauterine cystic adenomyosis could be diagnosed by pathological examination and treated by hysterectomy or hystscopy to release the liquid inside.     

甲氨蝶呤联合宫腔镜手术治疗子宫切口妊娠的护理

胚胎着床在前次子宫下段即剖宫产切口瘢痕处即子宫下段剖宫产切口瘢痕处妊娠（cesarean scar pregnancy,CSP）,是一种罕见的异位妊娠（切口妊娠）。随着医学技术的不断进步和各项检查水平     

子宫动脉栓塞联合清宫术治疗瘢痕妊娠临床分析

目的评价子宫动脉栓塞联合B超监测下清宫术治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠（cesarean scar pregnancy,CSP）的效果。方法回顾性分析51例行子宫动脉栓塞联合B超监测下清宫术的CSP患者临床资料。结果51例患者停经时间36～76（47．5±9．6）d,术前28例有阴道出血病史,23例无临床症状;入院24h行子宫动脉栓塞术,术后24-48h行B超监测下清宫术,术中出血量（33．7±1．3）mL,住院时间4～9（4．8±1．3）d;子宫动脉栓塞术后24h轻度发热5例,有轻微下腹部疼痛6例,均经对症治疗后痊愈。结论CSP患者行双侧子宫动脉栓塞术结合B超监测下清官术可迅速止血,创伤小、安全、有效。     

阴道镜对宫颈病变的诊断价值研究

Objective To research the value of colposcopy examination for all kinds of cervical lesions. Methods Analyze the results of 3,258 cases of patients, who have taken the colposcopy examination in our hospital from Jan, 2005 to Jun, 2008. Results Among the 3,258 cases colposcopy examination, there were 458 cases with the abnormal colposcope and having the needle biopsy through the colposcopy,including 137 cases of low degree lesion by the pathological diagnosis, 84 cases of high degree lesion(CIN2～ CIN3) , 18 cases of cervical invasive carcinoma, 79 cases of chronic inflammation, and 150 cases of cervical benign tumor. Conclusion The colposcope picture has higher coincidence rate in the colposcope xgc and the histopathology diagnosis, and is important in finding the cervical cancer, cervical precancerous lesion, human papillomavirus infection and complicated precancerous lesion in the early stage.     

Fisher判别分析在预测异位妊娠中的价值探讨

Objective To discuss the value of Fisher discriminant analysis of serum progesterone and the growing rate of β-human chorionic gonadotropin in the prediction of early ectopic pregnancy. Methods 66 patients with ectopic pregnancy (11 cases were successfully treated expectantly and 55 cases were treated surgically including 40 cases of rupture of fallopian tube and 15 cases of tubal abortion) and 55 patients with intrauterine pregnancy and 50 patients with threatened abortion were chosen. Serum progesterone,β-HCG,48 hβ-HCG and the 48 h growing rate of β-HCG in each group were measured and a Fisher discriminant analysis was used. Results The serum progester-one was (30.27± 18.20) nmol/L in ectopic pregnancy group,( 108.44±23.27 ) nmol/L in intrauterine pregnancy group and (91.68±34.90) nmol/L in threatened abortion group. The first β-HCG was ( 3767.63 ± 3530.38 ) U/L in ectopie pregnancy group,(29 028.65 ± 10 874.01 )U/L in intrauterine pregnancy group and (13 457.47±16 367.65)U/L in threatened abortion group. The second β-HCG was (4349.24±3536.22)U/L in ectopic pregnancygroup,(56 139.46 ± 23 296.87 ) U/L in intrauterine pregnancy group and (23 270.63 ± 23 811.68 ) U/L in threat-ened abortion group. The growing rate of β-HCG ( β-HCG/the first serum β-HCG) was 1.29 ± 0.28 in ectopic preg-nancy group,1.93 ± 0.36 in intrauterine pregnancy group and 1.97±0.28 in threatened abortion group. There was significant difference in serum progesterone,the first β-HCG and the second β-HCG as well as the growing rate of β-HCG among the groups(P<0.05 or <0.01). Fisher discriminant analysis of combing progesterone and the growing rate of β-HCG were connected with diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy,however,the only one serum β-HCG was not con-nected with diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. 98.5% of ectopic pregnancy,65.6% of intrauterine pregnancy and 64.0% of threatened abortion were correctly classified in the Fisher discfiminant analysis,with overall correct rate of 77.8%. Conclusion Fisher discriminant analysis of combing progesterone and the growing rate of β-HCG can bet-ter predict the early ectopic pregnancy.     

Fisher判别分析在预测异位妊娠中的价值探讨

Objective To discuss the value of Fisher discriminant analysis of serum progesterone and the growing rate of β-human chorionic gonadotropin in the prediction of early ectopic pregnancy. Methods 66 patients with ectopic pregnancy (11 cases were successfully treated expectantly and 55 cases were treated surgically including 40 cases of rupture of fallopian tube and 15 cases of tubal abortion) and 55 patients with intrauterine pregnancy and 50 patients with threatened abortion were chosen. Serum progesterone,β-HCG,48 hβ-HCG and the 48 h growing rate of β-HCG in each group were measured and a Fisher discriminant analysis was used. Results The serum progester-one was (30.27± 18.20) nmol/L in ectopic pregnancy group,( 108.44±23.27 ) nmol/L in intrauterine pregnancy group and (91.68±34.90) nmol/L in threatened abortion group. The first β-HCG was ( 3767.63 ± 3530.38 ) U/L in ectopie pregnancy group,(29 028.65 ± 10 874.01 )U/L in intrauterine pregnancy group and (13 457.47±16 367.65)U/L in threatened abortion group. The second β-HCG was (4349.24±3536.22)U/L in ectopic pregnancygroup,(56 139.46 ± 23 296.87 ) U/L in intrauterine pregnancy group and (23 270.63 ± 23 811.68 ) U/L in threat-ened abortion group. The growing rate of β-HCG ( β-HCG/the first serum β-HCG) was 1.29 ± 0.28 in ectopic preg-nancy group,1.93 ± 0.36 in intrauterine pregnancy group and 1.97±0.28 in threatened abortion group. There was significant difference in serum progesterone,the first β-HCG and the second β-HCG as well as the growing rate of β-HCG among the groups(P<0.05 or <0.01). Fisher discriminant analysis of combing progesterone and the growing rate of β-HCG were connected with diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy,however,the only one serum β-HCG was not con-nected with diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. 98.5% of ectopic pregnancy,65.6% of intrauterine pregnancy and 64.0% of threatened abortion were correctly classified in the Fisher discfiminant analysis,with overall correct rate of 77.8%. Conclusion Fisher discriminant analysis of combing progesterone and the growing rate of β-HCG can bet-ter predict the early ectopic pregnancy.     

Fisher判别分析在预测异位妊娠中的价值探讨

Objective To discuss the value of Fisher discriminant analysis of serum progesterone and the growing rate of β-human chorionic gonadotropin in the prediction of early ectopic pregnancy. Methods 66 patients with ectopic pregnancy (11 cases were successfully treated expectantly and 55 cases were treated surgically including 40 cases of rupture of fallopian tube and 15 cases of tubal abortion) and 55 patients with intrauterine pregnancy and 50 patients with threatened abortion were chosen. Serum progesterone,β-HCG,48 hβ-HCG and the 48 h growing rate of β-HCG in each group were measured and a Fisher discriminant analysis was used. Results The serum progester-one was (30.27± 18.20) nmol/L in ectopic pregnancy group,( 108.44±23.27 ) nmol/L in intrauterine pregnancy group and (91.68±34.90) nmol/L in threatened abortion group. The first β-HCG was ( 3767.63 ± 3530.38 ) U/L in ectopie pregnancy group,(29 028.65 ± 10 874.01 )U/L in intrauterine pregnancy group and (13 457.47±16 367.65)U/L in threatened abortion group. The second β-HCG was (4349.24±3536.22)U/L in ectopic pregnancygroup,(56 139.46 ± 23 296.87 ) U/L in intrauterine pregnancy group and (23 270.63 ± 23 811.68 ) U/L in threat-ened abortion group. The growing rate of β-HCG ( β-HCG/the first serum β-HCG) was 1.29 ± 0.28 in ectopic preg-nancy group,1.93 ± 0.36 in intrauterine pregnancy group and 1.97±0.28 in threatened abortion group. There was significant difference in serum progesterone,the first β-HCG and the second β-HCG as well as the growing rate of β-HCG among the groups(P<0.05 or <0.01). Fisher discriminant analysis of combing progesterone and the growing rate of β-HCG were connected with diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy,however,the only one serum β-HCG was not con-nected with diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. 98.5% of ectopic pregnancy,65.6% of intrauterine pregnancy and 64.0% of threatened abortion were correctly classified in the Fisher discfiminant analysis,with overall correct rate of 77.8%. Conclusion Fisher discriminant analysis of combing progesterone and the growing rate of β-HCG can bet-ter predict the early ectopic pregnancy.     

Fisher判别分析在预测异位妊娠中的价值探讨

Objective To discuss the value of Fisher discriminant analysis of serum progesterone and the growing rate of β-human chorionic gonadotropin in the prediction of early ectopic pregnancy. Methods 66 patients with ectopic pregnancy (11 cases were successfully treated expectantly and 55 cases were treated surgically including 40 cases of rupture of fallopian tube and 15 cases of tubal abortion) and 55 patients with intrauterine pregnancy and 50 patients with threatened abortion were chosen. Serum progesterone,β-HCG,48 hβ-HCG and the 48 h growing rate of β-HCG in each group were measured and a Fisher discriminant analysis was used. Results The serum progester-one was (30.27± 18.20) nmol/L in ectopic pregnancy group,( 108.44±23.27 ) nmol/L in intrauterine pregnancy group and (91.68±34.90) nmol/L in threatened abortion group. The first β-HCG was ( 3767.63 ± 3530.38 ) U/L in ectopie pregnancy group,(29 028.65 ± 10 874.01 )U/L in intrauterine pregnancy group and (13 457.47±16 367.65)U/L in threatened abortion group. The second β-HCG was (4349.24±3536.22)U/L in ectopic pregnancygroup,(56 139.46 ± 23 296.87 ) U/L in intrauterine pregnancy group and (23 270.63 ± 23 811.68 ) U/L in threat-ened abortion group. The growing rate of β-HCG ( β-HCG/the first serum β-HCG) was 1.29 ± 0.28 in ectopic preg-nancy group,1.93 ± 0.36 in intrauterine pregnancy group and 1.97±0.28 in threatened abortion group. There was significant difference in serum progesterone,the first β-HCG and the second β-HCG as well as the growing rate of β-HCG among the groups(P<0.05 or <0.01). Fisher discriminant analysis of combing progesterone and the growing rate of β-HCG were connected with diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy,however,the only one serum β-HCG was not con-nected with diagnosis of ectopic pregnancy. 98.5% of ectopic pregnancy,65.6% of intrauterine pregnancy and 64.0% of threatened abortion were correctly classified in the Fisher discfiminant analysis,with overall correct rate of 77.8%. Conclusion Fisher discriminant analysis of combing progesterone and the growing rate of β-HCG can bet-ter predict the early ectopic pregnancy.     

剖宫产瘢痕处妊娠患者的护理

目的了解剖产瘢痕处妊娠治疗前后的临床特点,为提供针对性护理提供依据。方法对18例治疗成功的剖宫产瘢痕处妊娠的患者治疗和护理进行总结,分析治疗前后症状、血HCG和B超下孕囊变化情况。结果18例患者中3例药物保守治疗成功,13例患者行药物配合宫腔镜或腹腔镜下刮宫或妊娠组织清除术,2例在外院行妊娠组织清除术或刮宫术后。结论腹痛和阴道出血是剖宫产瘢痕处妊娠最常见临床表现,对瘢痕处妊娠的妇女根据其治疗方法采取个体化的护理措施非常重要。     

超声对子宫切口妊娠的诊断价值

目的 探讨超声对子宫切口妊娠的诊断价值.方法 20例子宫切口包块患者,超声观察其声像图特征.结果 子宫切口妊娠孕囊型14例,不均质包块型5例.超声正确诊断子宫切口妊娠18例,误诊1例为滋养细胞疾病,漏诊1例,超声提示子宫前壁下段不均质包块.结论 超声检查对子宫切口妊娠具有较高的诊断价值.     

子宫动脉化疗栓塞在切口妊娠治疗中的研究

目的探讨子宫动脉化疗栓塞在剖宫产术后子宫切口妊娠治疗中的可行性和安全性。方法回顾分析2006年7月-2011年3月收治的152例剖宫产切口瘢痕妊娠行介入治疗的病例资料。结果 152例子宫动脉化疗栓塞操作均成功。阴道大出血或不规则出血均得到有效控制。人绒毛膜促性腺激素β亚型较术前下降,差异有统计学意义(Z=9.295,P=0.000),术后2～22 d行清宫术,术中失血3～100 mL,平均27 mL。3例行子宫切除术,子宫切除率2%。1例发生栓子脱落导致左下肢胫前动脉栓塞并发症。结论子宫动脉化疗栓塞治疗剖宫产术后切口妊娠可有效控制大出血、降低清宫风险、降低子宫切除风险,是治疗切口妊娠的有效可行方法之一。     

腹腔镜治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠

目的探讨腹腔镜技术治疗剖宫产瘢痕妊娠（CSP）的价值。方法回顾性分析2009年6月至2011年6月在南方医科大学附属南海人民医院住院治疗的14例剖宫产瘢痕妊娠患者,其中6例患者因血β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素较高,平均24 271.5 U/L,阴道彩超提示：子宫增大,剖宫产切口部位见孕囊或不均质中低回声包块,长径3.3～4.8 cm,平均4.1 cm,包块周围有丰富血流信号,均突向浆膜层。6例患者均采用腹腔镜下子宫瘢痕部位病灶切除术＋子宫修补术治疗。结果 6例均顺利完成手术,出血少,避免子宫切除术,达到微创、有效、恢复快的治疗效果。结论 CSP行腹腔镜下局部病灶切除＋子宫修补术不仅可以有效终止妊娠,同时可以修补瘢痕缺陷、修复子宫,保留生育功能,是一种有价值的方法。     

剖宫产术后切口瘢痕妊娠的个体化诊治研究

目的探讨剖宫产切口瘢痕妊娠的临床诊断及个体化治疗方法。方法回顾分析本科自1992年2月—2012年1月收治的36例剖宫产切口瘢痕妊娠患者的临床资料,根据患者的不同情况,分别予以甲氨蝶呤(MTX)、介入栓塞+Foley气囊导尿管宫腔压迫、子宫病灶切除+子宫修补或子宫切除的不同的个体化治疗,并加以总结。结果根据患者不同情况分别采取3种治疗方法中的一种,所有患者均痊愈出院。结论甲氨蝶呤(MTX)治疗、MTX栓塞介入+Foley气囊导尿管宫腔压迫、子宫病灶切除+子宫修补或子宫切除3种方法治疗剖宫产切口瘢痕妊娠是安全、有效的,可根据患者不同情况作相应的个体化选择。     

彩色多普勒超声对子宫下段切口处早期胚胎着床的诊断价值

目的探讨子宫下段剖腹产切口处早期胚胎着床的灰阶超声及彩色多普勒超声的特征. 方法 28例子宫下段剖腹产切口处早期妊娠的患者均行超声检查,记录各病例的二维图像及收缩期峰值血流速度和血流阻力指数.结果子宫下段剖腹产切口处早期胚胎着床的二维图像具有特征性表现,部分病例彩色多普勒频谱表现为高速低阻特征.结论彩色多普勒超声是无创性诊断子宫下段切口处早期妊娠的可靠方法.     

剖宫产疤痕部位妊娠9例临床分析

目的:探讨剖宫产疤痕部位妊娠的临床诊断和治疗。方法:回顾性分析我院2001年3月至2008年10月收治的9例剖宫产疤痕部位妊娠的临床资料。结果:9例病人早期症状无特异性,多有停经后阴道流血史,因误诊行人工流产术中易发生大出血,术前诊断为33.3%,彩超是诊断此病的可靠依据。结论:剖宫产疤痕部位妊娠的诊断一旦确诊,应及时终止妊娠。治疗包括保守和手术治疗。治疗以杀灭胚胎、清除病灶、控制出血、尽量保留患者生育功能为目的。     

卡贝缩宫素应用于疤痕子宫剖宫产术中的疗效观察

目的 观察卡贝缩宫素应用于疤痕子宫剖宫产术中收缩子宫,减少产后出血的效果.方法 将76例疤痕子宫行剖宫产术的妇女随机分为实验组(38例)与对照组(38例);实验组于剖宫产术中胎儿娩出后静脉推注卡贝缩宫素100μg,并于宫体注射缩宫素20U;对照组于剖宫产术中胎儿娩出后立即静脉推注缩宫素20U,并于宫体注射缩宫素20U.比较两组产后2h及24h出血量及发生产后出血的病例数.结果 实验组产后2h及24h出血量明显少于对照组(P<0.01),产后出血的发生率明显少于对照组.结论 卡贝缩宫素应用于疤痕子宫剖宫产手术中,能有效收缩子宫下段,减少产后出血,预防产后出血.     

剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠的诊断及急诊处理

目的:探讨剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠的诊断治疗方法及急诊处理措施。方法:回顾性分析2007-09-2011-09我科住院治疗的剖宫产术后子宫瘢痕妊娠患者临床资料25例。结果:25例患者均有剖宫产史,停经史,血HCG升高。其中10例患者在人流术前阴道超声诊断瘢痕妊娠;13例在人流时出血100～300ml,再经阴道超声诊断;2例人流术中出血800～1000ml休克,急行剖腹探查术中发现。术前明确诊断10例,用米非司酮+MTX+B超宫腔镜下清宫,效果满意;15例人流中出血较多者,其中5例经宫颈注射缩宫素,双合诊按压子宫下段30min后宫腔填塞纱布;另8例用22号Foleys尿管注液20～30ml压迫,术后24～48h取出,行双侧子宫动脉栓塞术,2d后行B超下清宫;2例出血过多伴休克剖腹探查时行子宫下段瘢痕处妊娠组织切除及子宫修补。25例患者均保全了子宫,保留了生育功能。结论:HCG、阴道超声在子宫瘢痕妊娠的诊断中的重要价值。应用米非司酮,MTX或子宫动脉栓塞,用B超或宫腔镜下清宫是治疗子宫瘢痕妊娠的有效方法。宫腔填塞纱布及Fo-leys尿管球囊注液局部压迫,对人流大出血时能取得很好的急诊止血作用,适合基层医院的紧急止血,为进一步及后续保留子宫治疗提供机会。