Quality of life of caregivers of overweight or obese children and adolescents

This study evaluated the health-related quality of life (HRQL) of caregivers of overweight and obese children and adolescents. Three-hundred and sixty caregives of children and adolescents (ages ranging from 9 to 12 years) diagnosed with overweight (n=96; average age 11.1 years), obesity (n=62; average age 10.9 years) and eutrophy (n=202; average age 10.7 years), regular students of public and private schools in Uberlandia (Minas Gerais), were invited to answer The 36 item Short Form Questionnaire (SF-36). The scores obtained were compared according to the body mass index (BMI) of the children and adolescents, and no significant differences were found between caregivers of overweight, obese and etrophic children and adolescents. Hence, there is no harm to the HRQL of caregivers of overweight and obese children and adolescents.     

体重超标对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者运动耐量与生存质量的影响

目的探讨慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）患者中体重超标人群与体重正常人群运动耐量及生活质量的差异。方法将入选的113例COPD患者分为三组：正常体重组（43例）,超重组（34例）,肥胖组（36例）。对所有的受试对象进行静息肺功能检查,踏车实验,圣·乔治呼吸问卷评分。采用SPSS13．0统计软件进行分析。结果体重正常组的FEV。／FVC为（47．28±3．82）％,超重组为（52．50±8．23）％,肥胖组为（53．20±8．30）％,三组间比较差异有统计学意义（F=8．76,P〈0．01）;组间比较正常组与超重组、肥胖组间差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．01）,超重组与肥胖组间差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）;心肺功能运动试验中三组的V02max／kg分别为体重正常组（21．80±3．67）ml·kg^-1·min^-1,超重组（20．19±4．14）ml·kg^-1·min^-1,肥胖组（18．98±3．22）ml·kg^-1·min^-1,差异有统计学意义（F=5．82,P〈0．01）,组问比较正常组与超重组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,超重组与肥胖组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）,正常组与肥胖组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;三组间的圣·乔治呼吸问卷评分各项指标与总分差异均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论体重适度增加可提高静息肺通气功能,但明显超出正常水平则会影响患者的运动耐量与运动肺通气。     

Breastfeeding attitude,health-related quality of life and maternal obesity among multi-ethnic pregnant women: A multi-group structural equation approach

BackgroundIdentifying the factors influencing breastfeeding attitude is significant for the implementation of effective promotion policies and counselling activities. To our best knowledge, no previous studies have modelled the relationships among breastfeeding attitude, health-related quality of life and maternal obesity among multi-ethnic pregnant women; the current study attempts to fill this research gap.ObjectivesThis study investigated the relationships among maternal characteristics, health-related quality of life and breastfeeding attitude amidst normal weight and overweight/obese pregnant women using a multi-group structural equation modelling approach.DesignExploratory cross-sectional design was used.SettingAntenatal clinics of a university-affiliated hospitalParticipantsPregnant women were invited to participate; 708 (78.8%) agreed to participate in the study.MethodsWe examined a hypothetical model on the basis of integrating the concepts of a breastfeeding decision-making model, theory of planned behaviour-based model for breastfeeding and health-related quality of life model among 708 multi-ethnic pregnant women in Singapore. The Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale and Medical Outcomes Study Short Form Health Survey were used to measure breastfeeding attitude and health-related quality of life, respectively.ResultsTwo structural equation models demonstrated that better health-related quality of life, higher monthly household income, planned pregnancy and previous exclusive breastfeeding experience were significantly associated with positive breastfeeding attitude among normal and overweight/obese pregnant women. Among normal weight pregnant women, those who were older with higher educational level were more likely to have positive breastfeeding attitude. Among overweight/obese pregnant women, Chinese women with confinement nanny plan were less likely to have positive breastfeeding attitude. No significant difference existed between normal weight and overweight/obese pregnant women concerning estimates of health-related quality of life on breastfeeding attitude (Critical Ratio = −0.193). The model satisfactorily fitted the data (Incremental Fit Index = 0.924, Tucker–Lewis Index = 0.905, Comparative Fit Index = 0.921 and Root Means Square Error of Approximation = 0.025). Health-related quality of life was found to affect breastfeeding attitude in multi-ethnic pregnant women.ConclusionsThis relationship implied the importance of early culturally specific interventions to enhance health-related quality of life for improving positive breastfeeding attitude among pregnant women across different ethnic groups.     

有氧运动对维持性血液透析患者生理功能、心肺耐力及生活质量的影响

目的探讨12周有氧运动对维持性血液透析(maintenance hemodialysis,MHD)患者生理功能、心肺耐力、健康相关生活质量的影响。方法入选在北京博爱医院就诊的MHD患者14例,所有患者运动前应用Bruce方案平板运动测定最大摄氧量(peak oxygen uptake,VO2peak)、代谢当量(metabolic equivalents,METs)、负荷运动时间等,记录血压和心率。生理功能的评估采用6min步行试验(six-minute walking test,6MWT);心肺耐力的评定采用VO2peak、METs和负荷运动时间;健康相关生活质量的评估采用美国慢性肾脏病临床实践指南(Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative,K/DOQI)推荐的简易健康相关生活质量评分表(SF-36,the Health-Related Short Form)。有氧运动定义为中等运动强度(50%～80%VO2peak)的平板运动,运动训练在透析间期进行,每周3次,每次30min,共持续12周,运动前15min热身运动,运动结束后5min放松训练,12周运动结束后再次评价上述指标,比较其前后结果有无统计学差异。结果 12周有氧运动后6MWT结果有所改善(Z=-1.132,P=0.241);VO2peak明显提高(Z=-2.226,P=0.028)、负荷运动时间显著延长(Z=-2.701,P=0.007),代谢当量有所提高(Z=-1.632,P=0.103);SF-36评分明显改善(Z=-2.701,P=0.007)。结论 12周有氧运动训练对MHD患者生理功能、心肺耐力、健康相关生活质量有部分改善作用。     

中青年血液透析患者体力活动水平及生活质量的研究

目的了解中青年血液透析患者的体力活动水平和生活质量状况,分析患者体力活动与其生活质量之间的关系。方法采用国际体力活动短问卷(international physical activity questionnaire-short vision,IPAQ-SV)和简明健康调查量表(Medical Outcomes Study Health Status Short Form,SF-36)对77例中青年血液透析患者体力活动水平及生活质量状况进行测评。结果在77例血液透析患者中,14例体力活动活跃,31例体力活动适中,32例体力活动不足;体力活动水平与生理健康和心理健康均呈正相关(r分别为0.351和0.274,P<0.05)。结论部分中青年血液透析患者的体力活动不足,可能会降低病人的生活质量,应鼓励中青年血液透析患者根据自身的身体状况参与锻炼。     

The effect of aerobic and resistance exercise training on the health related quality of life,physical function,and muscle strength among hemodialysis patients with Type 2 diabetes

IntroductionDiabetic patients who undergo hemodialysis commonly suffer from reduction of both exercise capacity and muscle strength. These factors may have a negative effect on health related quality of life (HRQoL) and physical function. We investigated the effect of aerobic and resistance exercise training on the HRQoL, physical function, and muscle strength among hemodialysis patients with Type 2 diabetes.MethodsTwenty-eight diabetic patients who were on hemodialysis in the Milad Hospital (Tehran, Iran) were recruited for the study. Subjects were randomized into control (n = 13) and exercise training groups (n = 15). The exercise training group performed combined aerobic and resistance exercise training at moderate intensity (11–15/20 on the Borg scale) during hemodialysis treatment, 3 times a week for 8 weeks. The primary outcomes consisted of physical function measured by a 6-min walk test (6MWT), HR-QoL measured by the Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), and lower limb muscle strength measured using a hand-held Digital Dynamometer.ResultsThe 6MWT distance increased significantly in the exercise training group (36%). Bilateral hip flexor strength (right, 24.5%; left, 30.4%) and abductor strength (right, 27.6%; left, 25.2%) decreased significantly in the non-exercising control group but no significant change was found in the exercise group (P > 0.05). There were no significant changes in any of the 8 generic subscales of HR-QoL neither in the exercise training group nor controls following an 8- week study.Conclusions8 weeks of combined aerobic-resistance exercise training among diabetic hemodialysis patients seem to be effective in improvement of physical function and lower limb muscle strength.     

Burden of burn: a norm-based inquiry into the influence of burn size and distress on recovery of physical and psychosocial function

This prospective, longitudinal study examined the influence of baseline physical and psychological burden on serial assessments of health-related quality of life among adults with major burns from three regional burn centers (n = 162). Physical burden groups were defined by % TBSA burned: <10%, 10% to 30%, or >30%. Psychological burden groups were defined by in-hospital distress using the Brief Symptom Inventory Global Severity Index T-score with scores of < 63 or > or = 63. Analyses compared groups across level of burden and with published normative data. Assessments reflected health and function (Short Form 36) during the month before burn, at discharge, and at 6 and 12 months after burn. Physical functioning was significantly more impaired and the rate of physical recovery slower among those with either large physical burden or large psychological burden. Notably, psychosocial functioning also was more impaired and the rate of psychosocial recovery slower among those with greater psychological burden. These results suggest that, in addition to aggressive wound closure, interventions that reduce in-hospital distress may accelerate both physical and psychosocial recovery.     

Quality of life improves after renal artery stenting

Although treatment of renal artery stenosis (RAS) with stents has been shown to improve blood pressure (BP) and renal function in some patients, little is known about the effect on health-related quality of life. A composite quality of life survey was administered in a cross-sectional cohort fashion to 149 patients presenting with angiographically and hemodynamically confirmed RAS either before (baseline, n = 37) or after (follow-up, n = 112) stent revascularization. BP, renal function, and antihypertensive medication use were also assessed. Systolic BP was lower in the revascularized patients (166 +/- 23 vs. 153 +/- 26, p < .01). The Short Form-36 Physical Component Summary (PCS) scores were higher (better) in revascularized patients (37 +/- 9 vs. 31 +/- 9, p < .01), whereas Mental Component Summary scores were equivalent (49 +/- 13 vs. 51 +/- 11, p = ns). Sleep dysfunction scores were lower (better) in the revascularized patients (32 +/- 26 vs. 48 +/- 32, p < .001), whereas self-reported appetite was higher (better; 62% +/- 29% vs. 73% +/- 27%,p < .05). After matching for age and gender, Short Form-36 PCS remained higher in the revascularized cohort (37 +/- 8 vs. 32 +/- 8, p < .05). Importantly, in multivariate analysis, revascularization was the most significant determinant of a higher PCS score (r2 = .07, beta = 5.21, p < .01). The current data suggest that renal artery stenting may improve health-related quality of life in patients with renovascular disease.     

Changes in aerobic capacity and visceral fat but not myocyte lipid levels predict increased insulin action after exercise in overweight and obese men

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of moderate intensity physical activity on the interactions between central abdominal adiposity, myocyte lipid content, and insulin action in overweight and obese, sedentary men. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: Myocyte lipid (biochemical triglyceride and long-chain acyl CoA [LCAC] from vastus lateralis biopsy and soleus and tibialis anterior intramyocellular lipid by (1)H-magnetic resonance spectroscopy), regional body and abdominal fat (dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and magnetic resonance imaging), serum lipids, insulin action (hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp), and substrate oxidation were measured in 18 nondiabetic, sedentary, and overweight to obese men (aged 37.4 +/- 1.3 years and BMI 30.9 +/- 0.7 kg/m(2), range 26.4-37.6) at baseline, after the first two to four bouts of aerobic exercise (55-70% of VO(2max) for 40 min/session), and at completion of 4.1 +/- 0.2 exercise sessions/week for 9.7 +/- 0.5 weeks (postexercise measurements performed 24-36 h after the last exercise bout). RESULTS: Mean whole body insulin-stimulated glucose uptake and basal fat oxidation rate increased 16 and 41%, respectively, after two to four bouts of exercise, without further increase at program end. Mean aerobic capacity increased 11%, and central abdominal fat decreased 5% at program end, but myocyte lipid levels were not significantly changed. Posttraining increases in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake were predicted by increase in aerobic capacity (r = 0.726, P = 0.001) and magnitude of reduction in visceral fat (r = -0.544, P = 0.02) and not by changes in myocyte lipid or LCAC levels. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that in overweight and obese sedentary men, increase in insulin sensitivity with moderate intensity exercise is predicted by improvement in aerobic capacity and reduction in visceral fat but is independent of myocyte triglyceride or LCAC levels.     

Quality of life of patients with cervicogenic headache: a comparison with control subjects and patients with migraine or tension-type headache

OBJECTIVE: To establish the health-related quality of life of patients with cervicogenic headache and to compare it with a random Dutch sample of control subjects and with patients with migraine without aura or with episodic tension-type headache. METHODS: Thirty-seven patients with cervicogenic headache, 42 patients with episodic tension-type headache, and 39 patients with migraine without aura completed a Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form questionnaire. RESULTS: Domain scores for "physical functioning" of patients with cervicogenic headache were worse than those of patients with migraine or tension-type headache. Physical functioning scores were lower for patients with tension-type headache than for those with migraine. Migraineurs reported a diminished score for "social functioning" compared to patients with tension-type headache. All Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form domain scores were significantly lower for patients with cervicogenic headache relative to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with cervicogenic headache have a quality of life burden that is substantial. Although impairment in the quality of life of patients with cervicogenic headache is comparable to patients with migraine without aura and those with episodic tension-type headache, there are some specific differences.