声辐射力脉冲成像鉴别诊断肾肿瘤

目的 探讨声辐射力脉冲成像(ARFI)鉴别诊断肾良恶性肿瘤的价值,以及ARFI所示肿瘤硬度与CEUS反映的肿瘤灌注之间的关系。 方法 对经手术或穿刺病理证实的35例肾肿瘤患者依次行ARFI及CEUS检查,运用声触诊组织量化(VTQ)技术测量肿瘤组织的剪切波速度(SWV),采用ROC曲线评价SWV对肾良恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断价值并确定界值,并将ARFI所示肿瘤硬度与CEUS反映的肿瘤灌注情况进行对比。 结果 35例肾肿瘤患者中,VTQ测量的肾良恶性肿瘤的SWV值分别为(2.25±0.33)m/s和(2.72±0.46)m/s(P<0.05);以SWV=2.355 m/s为界值,鉴别诊断肾良恶性肿瘤的敏感度为83.30%,特异度为72.70%。22例(22/35,62.86%)肾肿瘤SWV值高于肾皮质,其中CEUS表现为高强化19例,低强化3例;13例(13/35,37.14%)肾肿瘤SWV值低于肾皮质,其中CEUS表现为高强化5例,低强化8例。不同硬度的肾肿瘤血流灌注程度不同,质地硬者灌注较高,质地软者灌注较低(P<0.05)。 结论 ARFI技术有助于鉴别良恶性肾肿瘤,其所示肾肿瘤硬度与血流灌注有关。     

声脉冲辐射力成像技术观察谷氨酰胺对大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝病的治疗作用

目的 利用声脉冲辐射力成像(ARFI)技术定量观察谷氨酰胺对大鼠非酒精性脂肪性肝病(NAFLD)的治疗作用。方法 将36只雄性SD大鼠随机均分为对照组、模型组和谷氨酰胺治疗组,检测各组大鼠血清丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、甘油三酯(TG)和胆固醇(TC)水平,测量肝组织谷胱甘肽(GSH)、肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和丙二醛(MDA)水平;观察肝脏组织病理改变;应用ARFI获取肝脏不同区域剪切波速度(SWV)。比较不同组别大鼠上述指标的差异。结果 建模后12周末模型组血清ALT、AST、TG和TC,肝组织TNF-α和MDA水平明显高于对照组,GSH水平明显低于对照组(P均<0.05),谷氨酰胺治疗后上述指标均有所改善(P均<0.05);8周末和12周末高脂模型组肝前区和肝中区SWV值均较对照组明显增加(P均<0.05),谷氨酰胺治疗组较高脂模型组有所降低(P<0.05)。结论 谷氨酰胺对大鼠NAFLD具有一定治疗作用;ARFI可对其进行定量评估。     

声脉冲辐射力弹性成像技术检测正常儿童肝脏弹性

目的 采用声触诊组织量化(VTQ)技术检测正常儿童肝脏弹性,比较不同年龄阶段正常儿童肝脏剪切波速度(SWV)测值。方法 对458名正常儿童进行声脉冲辐射力弹性成像(ARFI),分为新生儿组(0~28天)71名、婴儿组(29天≤年龄<1岁)53名、幼儿组(1岁≤年龄<3岁)61名、学龄前组(3岁≤年龄<6岁)86名、学龄期组(6岁≤年龄<10岁)112名、青春期组(10岁≤年龄<18岁)75名,比较各组间SWV差异;对40名青春期组儿童于平静呼吸状态下和屏气状态下测量SWV,分析呼吸动度对SWV值的影响;对35名学龄期及60名青春期儿童分别于不同取样深度测量SWV值,比较不同取样深度SWV值差异。结果 所有儿童肝脏平均SWV值为(1.11±0.08)m/s。各组间SWV值差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);呼吸动度和取样深度对SWV测值均无明显影响(P均>0.05)。结论 ARFI可用于儿童肝脏弹性检测,不同年龄段儿童肝脏SWV值无明显差异,以(1.11±0.08)m/s作为正常儿童标准肝脏弹性测值,可为儿童肝纤维化的研究提供参考。     

慢性乙型肝炎肝硬化患者超声辐射力脉冲成像参数与肝功能Child-Pugh分级的相关性

目的 探讨乙型肝炎肝硬化患者肝功能Child-Pugh分级与声辐射力脉冲成像(ARFI)定量参数剪切波速度(SWV)之间的相关性.方法 对临床诊断为肝硬化的40例慢性乙型肝炎患者及40名健康体检者行ARFI,测量肝脏SWV;检测肝硬化患者血清学指标,根据结果及临床表现进行肝功能Child-Pugh分级.比较肝硬化患者与健康人及不同Child-Pugh分级患者间SWV的差异,分析肝脏SWV与Child-Pugh分级及血清学指标之间的相关性.结果 健康人肝脏SWV 显著低于肝硬化患者;随Child-Pugh分级上升,SWV明显增加(P<0.001),SWV与Child-Pugh分级呈正相关(r=0.62,P<0.001).肝硬化患者SWV与凝血酶原时间呈正相关(r=0.65,P<0.001),与血清白蛋白水平呈负相关(r=-0.59,P<0.001).结论 肝硬化患者SWV显著高于健康人,并与肝功能Child-Pugh分级呈正相关.     

声辐射力脉冲成像技术术前评估胆道闭锁患儿肝硬化

目的 探讨声辐射力脉冲（ARFI）成像技术术前评估胆道闭锁患儿肝硬化的价值。方法 选取64例经胆道造影检查确诊的胆道闭锁患儿，于Kasai手术前3天内行ARFI检查，并在术中行肝组织活检，根据活检病理结果分为肝硬化组和非肝硬化组。于声触诊组织量化模式下测定肝脏剪切波速度（SWS）值，比较2组间SWS值的差异，并绘制ROC曲线，评价SWS值术前诊断胆道闭锁患儿肝硬化的价值。结果 64例胆道闭锁患儿中，肝硬化组8例，SWS值为（2.51±0.50） m/s；非肝硬化组56例，SWS值为（1.74±0.31） m/s，肝硬化组SWS值明显高于非肝硬化组（t=6.039，P<0.001）。ROC曲线分析显示ARFI技术诊断肝硬化的最佳临界值为2.16 m/s，曲线下面积为0.930（P<0.001），诊断敏感度、特异度分别为87.50%、92.86%。结论 ARFI成像技术在无创评价预测胆道闭锁患儿术前肝硬化中有一定的价值，可为临床选择治疗方案和判断疾病预后提供指导信息。     

声触诊组织量化技术无创评价慢性肝病的初步研究

目的探讨声触诊组织量化(VTQ)技术无创评价肝纤维化程度的临床应用价值。方法 62例肝纤维化患者(S1~S3期组)、36例肝硬化患者(S4期组)及50例健康志愿者(对照组),应用VTQ技术定量检测肝实质剪切波速度。结果对照组、S1~S3期组及S4期组患者剪切波速度分别为(1.11±0.19)m/s、(1.62±0.41)m/s及(2.48±0.53)m/s,三者比较差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。S1~S3期组ROC曲线下面积为0.801,S4期组ROC曲线下面积为0.956。剪切波速度以1.30m/s为界值,诊断S1~S3期的敏感性为81%,特异性为79%;以1.81m/s为界值,诊断S4期的敏感性为92%,特异性为85%。结论 VTQ可无创测量肝实质剪切波速度,客观反映肝组织的弹性模量,有望为定量评估肝纤维化和肝硬化提供一种客观、准确的新方法。     

声辐射力脉冲弹性成像技术评估大鼠非酒精性脂肪肝及肝纤维化

目的 探讨利用声辐射力脉冲成像（ARFI）技术评估大鼠肝脏非酒精性脂肪肝（NAFLD）及肝纤维化的价值。方法 通过喂养高脂食物建立不同阶段NAFLD大鼠模型。解剖大鼠，取右叶肝脏嵌入明胶仿体内用于ARFI检查，测量大鼠肝脏剪切波速度（SWV），将其余肝组织用于组织学评估，并根据NAFLD活动性评分（NAS），将大鼠分为正常组（NAS=0），单纯性脂肪肝（SS）组（1≤ NAS≤ 2），边界组（3≤ NAS≤ 4）、非酒精性脂肪性肝炎（NASH）组（NAS≥5）。通过ROC曲线分析评估ARFI判断不同程度NAFLD及肝纤维化的能力。结果 正常组、SS组、边界组、NASH组间SWV值总体差异有统计学意义（F=31.53，P<0.001）。以SWV值≥2.54 m/s鉴别正常组与SS组、以SWV值≥2.90 m/s鉴别SS组与NASH组，对应的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.922[95%CI(0.871,0.973),P<0.001]、0.882[95%CI(0.807,0.956),P<0.001]，敏感度分别为93.5%、83.3%，特异度分别为100%、84.2%。以SWV值≥3.48 m/s诊断≥F2期肝纤维化、以SWV值≥3.61 m/s诊断≥F3期肝纤维化、以SWV值≥4.50 m/s诊断肝硬化（F4期）的AUC分别为0.963[95%CI(0.909,1.000),P<0.001]、0.997[95%CI(0.990,1.000),P<0.001]、0.993[95%CI(0.982,1.000),P<0.001]，敏感度分别为92.9%、100%、100%，特异度分别为97.6%、98.9%、96.8%。结论 ARFI技术测量的SWV值可有效评估NAFLD及含有NAFLD的肝纤维化程度。     

声脉冲辐射力成像技术对慢性肝病肝纤维化的弹性研究

目的 应用声脉冲辐射力成像(acoustic radiation force impulse,ARF1)技术评价慢性肝病患者肝脏弹性的诊断价值.方法 采用ARFI技术对88例慢性肝病患者、80例中重度脂肪肝患者及健康成人84例进行检测,比较肝组织的弹性参数(剪切波速度),评价肝纤维化程度.结果 慢性肝病组的剪切波速度为(2.08±0.63)m/s,与健康成人组及脂肪肝组之间差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01);而健康成人组与脂肪肝组剪切波速度分别为(1.15±0.43)m/s和(1.03±0.37)m/s,两者间比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);肝硬化患者[(2.47±=0.59)m/s]较慢性肝病测值增高,差异显著(P＜0.01);慢性肝病并发肝癌的患者,肿瘤边缘部测值(3.36±0.97)m/s与慢性肝病背景比较,差异有显著统计学意义(P＜0.001).结论 声脉冲辐射力成像技术能够无创量化反映慢性肝病肝纤维化弹性程度,是很好的评价慢性肝病的超声成像技术,具有很好的临床应用价值.     

声触诊组织成像量化技术在临床诊断慢性乙型肝炎肝纤维化中的应用

目的 探讨声触诊组织成像量化(VTQ)技术诊断慢性乙型肝炎(HBV)感染者肝纤维化的价值。方法 应用VTQ技术对61例慢性HBV感染者(慢性乙肝组)和60例肝硬化患者(肝硬化组)进行检测,分析VTQ与肝功能、肾功能和凝血功能指标的相关性。结果 对VTQ值与临床检验指标进行多重线性回归分析,回归模型中,VTQ值与胆碱酯酶(CHE)、血清白蛋白(ALB)呈负相关,与国际标准化比值(INR)呈正相关性,其中CHE对VTQ值影响最大。肝硬化组VTQ值显著高于慢性乙肝组(P＜0.01)。以VTQ≥1.22 m/s区分慢性乙肝及肝硬化患者,鉴别效能为0.726(95%CI:0.637~0.803,P=0.0001),敏感度和特异度分别为83.05%和62.30%。结论 VTQ在诊断慢性HBV感染者肝纤维化严重程度方面有较好的应用价值。     

磁共振弹性成像与DWI诊断肝纤维化分期

目的 探讨磁共振弹性成像（MRE）与DWI诊断慢性肝病肝纤维化分期的价值。方法 37例慢性肝病患者均接受MRE与DWI（b=0、50、100、150、200、300、500、800 s/mm²）检查,分别测量肝组织弹性值与表观扩散系数（ADC）值,分析其与肝纤维化分期的相关性,采用受试者工作特征曲线（ROC）对二者诊断慢性肝病肝纤维化分期的效能进行比较。结果 肝弹性值、ADC值与肝纤维化分期呈线性相关（r=0.932、-0.606,P均<0.001）。不同肝纤维化分期弹性值、ADC值差异有统计学意义（F=39.701,P<0.001;F=5.031,P=0.003）。诊断肝纤维化≥F1、≥F2、≥F3期,MRE的ROC曲线下面积大于ADC值,且差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;诊断F4期两者曲线下面积无统计学差异。弹性值诊断肝纤维化≥F1、≥F2、≥F3、F4期的临界值为2.80、3.11、3.66、3.99 kPa,ADC值诊断的临界值为1.16×10^-3 mm²/s、1.16×10^-3 mm²/s、1.03×10^-3 mm²/s、0.97×10^-3 mm²/s。结论 MRE对肝纤维化分期诊断价值优于DWI技术,而DWI对进展期肝纤维化及肝硬化有一定的诊断价值。     

肝、脾硬度预测食管胃底静脉曲张及出血风险

目的 探讨肝脏、脾脏硬度诊断乙型肝炎（简称乙肝）肝硬化患者食管胃底静脉曲张（EGV）和评估静脉曲张破裂出血风险的价值。方法 对71例确诊为乙肝肝硬化患者行胃镜、声脉冲辐射力弹性成像（ARFI）等相关检查,对EGV程度分级并测定患者的肝、脾脏剪切波速度（SWV）,绘制ROC曲线,比较其诊断EGV和评估静脉破裂出血高风险的价值。结果 有EGV乙肝肝硬化患者的肝脏SWV（LSWV）和脾脏SWV（SSWV）均高于无EGV乙肝肝硬化患者（P均<0.001）;以胃镜结果为金标准,LSWV、SSWV诊断EGV的ROC曲线下面积（AUC）分别为0.877和0.910（P均<0.001）,最佳界值点分别为2.01 m/s和2.84 m/s,敏感度为93.5%和76.1%,特异度为76.0%和92.0%;其预测静脉曲张破裂出血高风险的AUC分别为0.882和0.914（P均<0.001）,最佳界值点分别是2.27 m/s和2.94 m/s,敏感度为77.1%和85.7%,特异度为83.3%和91.7%。结论 肝脏、脾脏硬度有助于诊断乙肝肝硬化患者EGV以及预测静脉曲张破裂出血风险。     

声脉冲辐射力成像技术鉴别诊断肝脏良恶性局灶性病变

目的探讨声脉冲辐射力成像技术(ARFI)对肝脏良恶性局灶性病变的鉴别诊断价值。方法对64例患者76个肝脏局灶性病变进行ARFI检查并分析,包括声触诊组织成像技术(VTI)和声触诊组织量化技术(VTQ)。所有患者均经手术或穿刺病理证实或两种增强影像学检查(CEUS、CT、MRI)确诊。采用ROC曲线评价剪切波速(SWV)对肝脏局灶性病变良恶性的鉴别诊断价值,并确定临界点。结果 VTI声像图中,31个(31/40,77.50%)恶性病灶和13个(13/36,36.11%)良性病灶呈灰黑色(P<0.05);良性病灶SWV明显低于恶性病灶[(1.67±0.61)m/s vs(2.80±1.07)m/s,P<0.01)。以SWV=2.04m/s为临界点鉴别肝脏局灶性病变的良恶性,其敏感度、特异度和准确率分别是82.50%、80.60%和81.58%。结论 ARFI有助于鉴别诊断肝脏良恶性局灶性病变,具有良好的临床应用前景。     

Elasticity standard values of the thoracolumbar fascia assessed with acoustic radiation force impulse elastography on healthy volunteers: A cross section study

IntroductionDetermining the normal values for acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) shear wave elastography of the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) and define possible factors of influence.MethodsWe measured the shear wave velocity (SWV) in m/s and the diameter (anterior-posterior) in mm of the TLF bilateral in 267 healthy participants with the Acuson S3000™ (Siemens) using the virtual touch image quantification mode (VTIQ). The parameters were tested for correlations with the anthropometric data of the participants, between different age groups and the genders, as well as information obtained from the history, such as smoking and sporting activities.ResultsWe determined a mean SWV of 3.28 ± 0.55 m/s for the left thoracolumbar fascia and 3.44 ± 0.55 m/s for the right. The diameter on the right was 2.7 ± 0.8 mm. On the left, it was 2.7 ± 0.9 mm. Neither body mass index (BMI) nor gender had a significant effect on either of the measured parameters (p > 0.05). The same goes for regular medication, sporting activity or the consumption of alcohol (p > 0.05). The results concerning the effect of smoking and age were inconclusive as they only had a significant influence to either the right or the left side of the TLF but not on the other side.ConclusionsWe collected the normal value for ARFI shear wave elastography of the TLF in 267 healthy participants. Furthermore, neither gender, BMI, sports activity nor the consumption of alcohol affected the elasticity or the diameter of the thoracolumbar fascia.     

定量声辐射脉冲弹性成像技术评价肝肿瘤特性的初步研究

目的 探讨声辐射脉冲(acoustic radiation foroe impulse,ARFI)弹性成像技术定量评价肝肿瘤特性的价值.方法 肝肿瘤患者43例56个病灶行AR FI定量检测,其中肝细胞性肝癌21例,肝转移癌8例,胆管细胞癌5例,血管瘤9例.测量肿瘤及其周围背景肝组织剪切波速度,并对30例健康志愿者肝剪切波速度进行测量对比.统计分析不同病理类型肿瘤弹性成像特征及剪切波速度差异,并与背景肝组织、正常肝组织进行比较.结果 肝细胞性肝癌和胆管细胞癌硬度大于肝转移癌(P＜0.05),肝细胞癌和胆管细胞癌硬度无明显差异(P=0.179).恶性肿瘤的硬度明显大于血管瘤和正常肝组织(P=0.000),34.5%(9/26)的肝细胞肝癌硬度小于背景肝组织,33.3%(4/12)的血管瘤硬度小于背景肝组织.以1.5m/s为剪切波速度截断值,提示肝恶性肿瘤的敏感性、特异性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为79.5%、83.3%、94.5%、52.6%.结论 定量ARFI弹性成像技术有望成为一种新的定量鉴别肝血管瘤与恶性肿瘤组织参数特征的无创性检查方法.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the potential value of acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI)elastography in the characterization of solid liver tumors.Methods Forty-three patients with 56 liver tumors were evaluated with ARFI,which included 21 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC),8 patients with metastase,5 patients with cholangiocarcinoma(CCC),and 9 patients with hemangioma.The shear wave velocity of the tumor and background liver parenchyma were calculated,and results were compared with 30 healthy subjects.Statistical analysis was performed on the shear wave velocity for differentiation of normal liver,background liver parenchyma,and tumors.Results HCC and CCC had greater stiffness than metastase (P ＜0.05),there were no statistical differences between HCC and CCC (P = 0.179).Malignant liver tumors had significantly greater stiffness than hemangioma and normal liver (P = 0.000).34.5% (9/26) HCC and 33.3% (4/12) hemangioma appeared softer than the background liver.With a cut-off value of 1.5 m/s for the shear wave velocity,the sensitivity,specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value for malignancies were 79.5%,83.3%,94.5% and 52.6%,respectively.Conclusions ARFI elastography quantification is a promising noninvasive technique for assessing solid liver tumors.Use of ARFI elastography quantification may lead to new quantitative tissue characterization parameters for differentiating hemangioma and malignant liver tumors.     

声辐射脉冲力技术定量鉴别诊断良恶性乳腺肿块

目的 探讨声辐射脉冲力(ARFI)技术在定量诊断乳腺良恶性肿块中的应用价值.方法 对175例患者227个乳腺肿块进行常规二维、彩色多普勒超声检查,同时采用ARFI技术测量剪切波速度(SWV),取样框分别置于肿块内部、肿块与周围腺体组织交界处以及周围腺体组织,以病理结果为金标准.结果 良性肿块内部及交界处SWV分别为(2.38士0.52)m/s、(2.14±0.61)m/s;恶性肿块内部及交界处SWV分别为(7.62士2.51)m/s、(5.32±2.63)m/s.恶性肿块内部及交界处SWV值均明显高于良性肿块(P均＜0.05);良性肿块内部与交界处SWV值均明显高于周围腺体(P均＜0.05).绘制ROC曲线,以3.29 m/s为分界值,ARFI技术诊断良恶性肿块的敏感度为78.9％,特异度为98.3％,准确率为77.5％,曲线下面积为0.914.结论 ARFI在乳腺良恶性肿块诊断与鉴别诊断中具有重要临床意义.     

ARFI elastography in patients with chronic autoimmune liver diseases: A preliminary study

ObjectiveAcoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) is a new software-based technique that evaluates liver stiffness during B-mode ultrasonography. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of ARFI in distinguishing patients with chronic autoimmune liver disease from healthy subjects.Material and methodsWe enrolled 9 adult patients (8 women, 1 man; age 48.1 ± 12.8 years) with chronic autoimmune disease (primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC, n = 3), autoimmune hepatitis (AIH, n = 2), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC, n = 1) and overlap syndromes, (n = 3) who underwent a liver biopsy and 11 healthy volunteers (age 34.7 ± 10.4 years; 7 women, 4 men). Liver stiffness was evaluated and expressed as the shear wave velocity (SWV) in m/sec. We used a US scanner Siemens-Acuson S2000, evaluating the right liver lobe and the left liver lobe.ResultsThe SWV was significantly higher in cases (right lobe: 1.51 ± 0.44; left lobe: 1.57 ± 0.40) than in controls (right lobe: 1.08 ± 0.10; left lobe: 1.12 ± 0.13) (right lobe: P = 0.002; left lobe: P = 0.013). We found no significant correlation between right and left lobe SWVs in cases (P = 0.779) or controls (P = 0.385). The SWV cut-off that best distinguished cases from controls was 1.25 m/sec (accuracy: AUC=0.885; sensitivity: 70.6%; specificity: 95.5%).ConclusionsARFI elastography is a noninvasive ultrasonographic technique that can differentiate healthy subjects from patients with fibrotic stages of chronic liver disease.     

Normal Values of Liver Shear Wave Velocity in Healthy Children Assessed by Acoustic Radiation Force Impulse Imaging Using a Convex Probe and a Linear Probe

Acoustic radiation force impulse (ARFI) is an image-guided ultrasound elastography method that allows quantification of liver stiffness by measurement of shear wave velocity. One purpose of the work described in this article was to determine the normal liver stiffness values of healthy children using ARFI with two different probes, 4 C1 and 9 L4. Another purpose was to evaluate the effects of site of measurement, age, gender and body mass index on liver stiffness values. This prospective study included 60 healthy children (newborn to 14 y) divided into four age groups. One thousand two hundred ARFI measurements were performed, that is, 20 measurements per patient (5 measurements in each lobe, with each probe). Means, standard deviations (SD) and confidence intervals for velocity were calculated for each hepatic lobe and each probe in each age group and for the whole group. Mean shear wave velocity measured in the right lobe was 1.19 ± 0.04 m/s (SD = 0.13) with the 4 C1 transducer and 1.15 ± 0.04 m/s (SD = 0.15) with the 9 L4 transducer. Age had a small effect on shear wave measurements. Body mass index and sex had no significant effects on ARFI values, whereas site of measurement had a significant effect, with lower ARFI values in the right hepatic lobe. ARFI is a non-invasive technique that is feasible to perform in children with both the 4 C1 and 9 L4 probes. The aforementioned velocity values obtained in the right lobe may be used as reference values for normal liver stiffness in children.