南宁市煤矿工人皮肤病调查报告

作者报告了1982年4～5月调查南宁市矿务局四个煤矿17～55岁4459名煤矿工人的皮肤病,其发病率为9.5%。井下发病率为14.5%,地面发病率为1.9%,两者差异显著(X~2=197.5,P<0.01)。分析了井下发病率高的原因是,井下通风不良、温度高、潮湿,井下工人个     

煤矿工人肠功能障碍性疾病相关危险因素分析

2013年2月~2014年2月,对某煤矿在职工人采用单纯随机抽样法,选取井下采煤掘进组523人和井下辅助组497人进行问卷调查,对肠功能障碍性疾病危险因素行Logistic回归分析。结果患病情况观察中,井下采煤掘进组患病率40.5%,井下辅助组患病率为15.5%,组间比较具有差异性(P<0.05)。经多因素Logistic回归分析:不良生活习惯、对生活和工作不满、劳累是井下煤矿工人肠功能障碍性疾病发生的危险因素。因特殊职业性质,井下采煤掘进工人肠功能障碍性疾病发病率较高,且具有其独特的流行病学特点,为此需针对其特有的相关危险因素进行防范,以保障煤矿工人的健康。     

非特异性腰背痛的非手术治疗

<正>非特异性腰背痛是指:除外外伤、感染、进行性脊柱畸形以及肿瘤因素所导致的脊柱不稳而引起的腰背部疼痛症状,并且不合并神经根性症状的背部疼痛~([1])。手术治疗作为治疗手段之一,在一定程度上可以缓解根性疼痛及某些特殊病因所导致的腰背痛,但2009年,由英国国家卫生与临床优化研究所国家初级保健协作中心所制定的腰背痛指南中并不鼓     

泉州市部分三级甲等医院护士腰背痛状况及相关因素分析

目的调查分析护士易患腰背痛的相关因素,并提出相应防治对策。方法对泉州市2所三级甲等医院护龄1年以上的171名护士进行问卷调查。结果 74.27%的护士有腰背痛史,近半年内的发病率为59.65%;年龄为(24.65±2.81)岁;易患腰背痛的危险因素有年龄、护龄、社会心理因素、工作性质、组织管理因素等。结论护士易患职业性腰背痛是多种因素协同作用的结果,防治腰背痛关键在于护士应提高自我保护意识,做好初级预防、早期干预及合理的组织管理。     

膝骨关节炎发生的影响因素分析

目的:分析膝骨关节炎发生的影响因素,为预防膝骨关节炎的发生提供可靠依据。方法:选取我院2015年1月~2017年1月收治的200例膝骨关节炎患者为研究对象,回顾性分析患者病例资料,总结其临床特点,分析膝骨关节炎发生的相关危险因素。结果:女性患者临床膝骨关节炎检出率明显高于男性患者(P0.05),且均与年龄正相关;年龄、BMI、关节外伤史、居住环境潮湿等因素与膝骨关节炎的发生密切相关(P0.05);性别、年龄、BMI、职业、关节外伤史、居住环境潮湿均是导致膝骨关节炎发生的危险因素(OR=4.397、2.486、2.308、2.315、2.696、2.678)。结论:性别、年龄、BMI、职业、关节外伤史、居住环境潮湿是膝关节骨性关节炎发生的高危因素,临床应予以重视。     

外伤所致多发性肠套叠误诊为肠破裂1例报告

成人肠套叠国内外有不少报道,原因多继发于肠管病变,因腹部外伤引起者,从文献中尚未查到有关报导。本院曾收治一例。现报告于下:王××,男性,27岁,煤矿工人,住院号:1345。以腰部挫伤,腹部空腔脏器破裂待排除收入院。入院前三小时在井下被矿车撞伤腰背部,伤后感到腰部及腹部疼痛,伴有恶心,无呕吐。     

采煤工人工业外伤调查报告

煤炭生产是在地下深部作业,生产环境变化极其复杂,有其特殊的劳动卫生条件,有很多不良因素,如粉尘、噪声、气流、气温、温度及一些有害气体等,致使采煤工人不但易患各种与井下作业有关的常见病、多发病,而且工业性外伤发病率也相当高(工业性外伤占发病率的31.5%,占因病休工率的23.23%)。因此,对采煤工人的外伤问     

腰背部肌肉锻炼操在预防ICU护士腰背痛中的应用

[目的]观察自制腰背部肌肉锻炼操在重症监护病房（ICU）护士腰背痛中的应用效果.[方法]选择河北省4所三级甲等医院107名ICU 护士,视觉疼痛评分（visualanalogscale,VAS）大于4分,有与职业相关的腰背痛史大于3个月,将107名ICU 护士随机分为干预组和对照组.干预组给予每次30min人体力学知识培训和20min腰背部肌肉锻炼操指导;对照组只进行30min人体力学知识培训.干预前、干预3周、干预12周和干预24周采用VAS评分对疼痛程度进行评价.[结果]干预12周与干预24周时干预组VAS评分均低于对照组（P=0.001）.[结论]腰背部肌肉锻炼操能有效缓解ICU 护士职业性腰背痛.     

深矿井煤矿作业对工人健康的影响

目的调查深矿井煤矿作业对工人健康的影响。方法对2478名深矿井煤矿工人进行职业健康查体,统计其各查体项目的异常人次率及职业病患病情况。结果所有工人中,检出各类异常者为467人次,检出率为18.8%,且工龄越长,患病危险性越大。不同工种间各项目检查的异常人次率不同,差异具有统计学意义(χ2=46.390,P<0.001)。职业性中暑者21人次,发病人次率为0.8%;职业性尘肺的工人共有3人,占0.1%,患职业性噪声聋的工人共有6人,占0.2%。结论深矿井煤矿工人的健康存在较多问题,中暑是发病率较高的职业病。     

3472名煤矿工人血清中风湿三项（ASO、RF、CRP）水平及类风湿关节炎（RA）、骨性关节炎（OA）发病率的调查

目的 了解煤矿工人血清中风湿三项（ASO、RF、CRP）水平及类风湿关节炎（RA）、骨性关节炎（OA）发病率并探讨不同工作环境对风湿病的影响.方法 采用胶乳增强免疫比浊法测定1841名井上工人及1631名井下工人血清中ASO﹑RF﹑CRP的水平,并进行统计学处理.结果 （1）井下组工人血清中风湿三项水平显著高于井上组工人,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;（2）井上组工人所患类风湿关节炎（RA）、骨性关节炎（OA）疾病显著高于井上组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;（3）井下组工人工作年限与血清中风湿三项水平呈显著正相关（ASO r=0.979 P〈0.05;RF r=0.961 P〈0.05;CRP r=0.985 P〈0.05）.结论 井下工人血清中风湿三项水平显著高于井上工人,且与工作年限呈相关性,工作环境是井下工人风湿三项水平增高及类风湿关节炎（RA）、骨性关节炎（OA）发病率高的主要因素.     

Low back pain: prevalence and associated risk factors among hospital staff

Title. Low back pain: prevalence and associated risk factors among hospital staff. Aim. This paper is a report of a study conducted to describe the prevalence and risk factors for lower back pain amongst a variety of Turkish hospital workers including nurses, physicians, physical therapists, technicians, secretaries and hospital aides. Background. Hospital workers experience more low back pain than many other groups, the incidence varies among countries. Work activities involving bending, twisting, frequent heavy lifting, awkward static posture and psychological stress are regarded as causal factors for many back injuries. Method. A 44‐item questionnaire was completed by 1600 employees in six hospitals associated with one Turkish university using a cross‐sectional survey design. Data were collected over nine months from December 2005 to August 2006 and analysed using Chi square and multivariate logistic regression techniques. Findings. Most respondents (65·8%) had experienced low back pain, with 61·3% reporting an occurrence within the last 12 months. The highest prevalence was reported by nurses (77·1%) and the lowest amongst secretaries (54·1%) and hospital aides (53·5%). In the majority of cases (78·3%), low back pain began after respondents started working in the hospital, 33·3% of respondents seeking medical care for ‘moderate’ low back pain while 53·8% (n = 143) had been diagnosed with a herniated lumbar disc. Age, female gender, smoking, occupation, perceived work stress and heavy lifting were statistically significant risk‐factors when multivariate logistic regression techniques were conducted (P < 0·05). Conclusion. Preventive measures should be taken to reduce the risk of lower back pain, such as arranging proper rest periods, educational programmes to teach the proper use of body mechanics and smoking cessation programmes.     

Back pain and isometric back muscle strength of workers in a Danish factory.

105 factory workers (38 females and 67 males) have been questioned about their frequency of back pain. 60% of the females and 61% of the males have previously experienced episodes of back pain. 21% of the females and 37% of the males have been absent from work due to back pain. The incidence of back pain is not related to age, height, sort of work, or isometric muscle strength of the back (IS). For the males the incidence rises with increasing weight, i.e. combination of height and obesity, but is not related to any two single factors. For the females there is no correlation between the incidence of pain and weight. IS is correlated to height and age in the males but not in the females. Standards for IS are presented and suggested as a guide to evaluation of the working capabilities of individual subjects with back pain.     

Effect of underground working on vitamin D levels and bone mineral densities in coal miners: a controlled study

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of underground working on 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OHD) levels and bone mineral density (BMD) values in coal miners. Fifty coal miners working underground and 50 surface workers as controls, matched for age and body mass index, from Zonguldak, Turkey, were recruited to the study. Levels of 25-OHD, biochemical bone markers, and lumbar spine and femur BMD values were measured in all study participants. Lumbar spine and femur BMD values were significantly higher in underground workers compared with surface workers, but there was no significant difference in 25-OHD levels between the two groups. Duration of underground working, age, 25-OHD levels, cigarette consumption and dietary calcium intake were not correlated with BMD values. Underground physical working does not seem to be a significant risk factor for low 25-OHD levels or low BMD values.     

高原汽车驾驶员腰痛的流行病学调查

目的了解高原汽车驾驶员腰痛的患病情况、流行特征。方法通过问卷方式调查高原汽车驾驶员腰痛的流行病学特征。结果(1)高原汽车驾驶员腰痛的患病率为86.1%,明显高于对照组(P<0.01)。(2)高原缺氧反应、吸烟、长途驾驶均与腰痛有关。结论本组平均年龄小而腰痛患病率高与高原恶劣的工作环境和劳动强度过大等因素有关。腰痛是与职业相关的亚临床症候群。     

Prognostic factors for duration of sickness absence due to musculoskeletal disorders

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this prospective cohort study with 1-year follow-up was to determine prognostic factors for duration of sickness absence due to musculoskeletal disorders. METHODS: Workers were included when on sickness absence of 2 to 6 weeks due to musculoskeletal disorders. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect personal and work-related factors, pain, functional disability, and general health perceptions. Statistical analysis was done with Cox proportional hazard regression with an interaction variable with time for every risk factor of interest. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed on musculoskeletal disorders and, separately, for low back pain. RESULTS: The main factors that were associated with longer sickness absence were older age, gender, perceived physical workload, and poorer general health for neck, shoulder and upper extremity disorders, and functional disability, sciatica, worker's own perception of the ability of return to work, and chronic complaints for low back pain. Workers with a high perceived physical work load returned to work increasingly slower over time than expected, whereas workers with a high functional disability returned to work increasingly faster over time. CONCLUSIONS: High pain intensity is a major prognostic factor for duration of sickness absence, especially in low back pain. The different disease-specific risk profiles for prolonged sickness absence indicate that low back pain and upper extremity disorders need different approaches when applying intervention strategies with the aim of early return to work. The interaction of perceived physical workload with time suggests that perceived physical workload would increasingly hamper return to work and, hence, supports the need for workplace interventions among workers off work for prolonged periods.     

Do psychological factors increase the risk for back pain in the general population in both a cross‐sectional and prospective analysis?

This study aimed to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of background, individual and workplace psychological risk factors to investigated their relationship with spinal pain. Because there is some doubt as to whether the results of cross-sectional findings hold in longitudinal studies, a prospective study was superimposed upon a cross-sectional design of the effects of psychological variables on back pain and function to determine, whether similar results are obtained. Participants were workers randomly selected from the general population, where 372 had not experienced pain during the past year, and 209 had experienced considerable pain problems. A cross-sectional comparison of these groups using multivariate statistics indicated that the most potent risk factors were psychological distress (odds ratio=13.2) and poor function (odds ratio=6.4). Much smaller levels of risk were found for perceived workload, gender and foreign birth. Those participants with no pain were followed for one year to determine development of a spinal pain problem. Although few participants developed a significant pain problem, the prospective analyses showed that psychological distress (odds ratio=2.2), catastrophizing (odds ratio=3.0), and workload (odds ratio=2.3) produced the highest odds ratios. Taken together these results underscore the need for a multidimensional view of the development of pain disability. Moreover, individual psychological factors such as distress and catastrophizing as well as work place factors like work load were found to be highly related to the development of back pain in a sample of workers from the general population. The cross-sectional and prospective results were similar in character and demonstrate that cross-sectional studies may provide valuable information. Because psychological variables were relevant very early on, these factors may be important targets for pain prevention programs.     

内镜室医务人员腰背痛危险因素的调查研究

目的了解内镜室医务人员腰背痛的发生现状及其影响因素。方法采用一般资料调查表、腰背痛危险因素调查表、改良Oswestry腰背痛调查量表对广州市7家医院内镜窒115名医务人员进行调查。结果内镜室医务人员腰背痛发生率为45．2％。站立时间大于4h、职业伤害定期上报和精神高度紧张是腰背痛发生的主要因素。结论内镜室医务人员腰背痛发生率较高,应提高人文关怀,建立安全工作环境等以预防内镜室医务人员腰背痛的发生。     

The problem of back pain in physiotherapists

The epidemiology, subjective perception of the cause, consequences and attitudes towards their back pain were compared in a representative group of 249 physiotherapists and a control group of 236 predominantly female workers from a wide range of non-medical occupations. In addition, the physiotherapists were asked about their involvement in back care education for others, their own training and their present speciality. A self-completion questionnaire was used and the results were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS-X).

There were no significant differences between the groups in the occurrence of lifetime prevalence (ever had back pain?), annual prevalence (back pain last year), annual incidence (new cases of back pain last year), and point prevalence (back pain now). The anatomical distribution was similar, as was the number of episodes. Earlier precautions to avoid further back pain did not affect the recurrence rate.

Significantly more of the physiotherapists than the control groups identified the presence of occupational risk factors (P < 0.001)—physiotherapists attributed their back pain to work more frequently (P < 0.001) and the initial episode to an incident at work (P<0.01). For physiotherapists, lifting (P<0.05) and twisting (P<0.001) were more frequent mechanisms associated with the onset of back pain than for the control group.

Younger physiotherapists were seen to be particularly vulnerable, having a higher than expected annual prevalence of back pain. This group was more satisfied with their own training in lifting skills, though only 52% reported continued training after qualification and only 63% had had training in the clinical field. The physiotherapists showed an ability to cope with their back pain. No speciality was consistently implicated.

The possible explanations are discussed and the effectiveness of back care education is questioned. An ergonomic analysis of the working environment is recommended, in addition to a more realistic training programme for physiotherapists.