口腔冲洗器治疗固定正畸患者牙龈炎疗效观察

目的观察口腔冲洗器对固定正畸患者牙龈炎的治疗效果。方法随机选择42例12~45岁错畸形患者,分为治疗组和对照组,治疗组为常规刷牙加使用口腔冲洗器护理口腔,对照组只做常规刷牙护理口腔。分别在治疗后1个月、2个月检测4颗下切牙牙龈指数（GI）、菌斑指数（PLI）、龈沟出血指数（SBI）。结果治疗组牙周指数明显低于对照组。结论口腔冲洗器能有效防治牙龈炎,改善固定正畸患者的牙周组织健康状况。     

替硝唑含漱液治疗固定正畸中牙周组织炎症的疗效观察

目的观察替硝唑含漱液治疗固定正畸中牙周组织炎症的疗效。方法选取11～18岁青少年固定正畸患者100名，随机分成治疗组50例（使用替硝唑含漱液和常规口腔卫生保健措施）和对照组50例（常规口腔卫生保健措施），在放置固定矫治器前后分别以牙龈指数（GI）、菌斑指数（PLI）和龈沟出血指数（SBI）测定上下颌双侧前磨牙和第一磨牙的牙周情况，并进行统计学分析。结果固定正畸治疗前、后1周两组牙周临床指标GI、PLI和SBI值无明显差异；治疗1个月后治疗组牙周临床指标值无明显变化，对照组患者牙周临床指标值开始升高；3个月后对照组患者GI、PLI和SBI值分别达2．34±0．18、2．84±0．38和2．83±0．46，5个月后分别达到3．32±0．78、3．16±0．12和3．71±0．75，经统计学处理，与治疗组有显著性差异（P〈0．05）。结论替硝唑含漱液能有效降低固定正畸治疗中牙周组织炎症的发生率。     

浓替硝唑含漱液治疗牙龈炎和牙周炎疗效分析

目的观察浓替硝唑含漱液在治疗牙龈炎、牙周炎中的临床疗效。方法将入选的60例患者随机分两组,其中治疗组30例采用浓替硝唑含漱液治疗,对照组30例采用复方氯己定含漱液治疗,治疗14 d,观察用药前后牙龈指数(GI)、龈沟出血指数(SBI)、探诊深度(PD)的变化及不良反应。结果用药14 d后治疗组对牙龈炎的有效率为88.67%,对牙周炎的有效率为66.67%;对照组则分别为46.67%、26.67%。统计学结果显示治疗组对牙龈炎、牙周炎的疗效优于对照组,且不良反应发生率低,两组比较差异显著(P<0.05)。结论浓替硝唑含漱液治疗牙周组织疾病安全有效。     

系统的健康教育对口腔正畸患者发生牙龈炎的影响

目的:探讨口腔健康教育对改善正畸患者口腔卫生状况的效果及牙龈炎的影响.方法:将400例即将粘接固定矫治器的正畸患者随机分为两组,观察组200例配合录像资料进行系统健康教育,对照组200例进行常规健康宣教.采集两组正畸患者矫治后第3个月、第6个月牙龈指数(按牙龈炎诊断标准)情况进行比较.结果:在矫治后第3个月比较两组患者牙龈炎发生情况无统计学意义(P﹥0.05),但第6个月比较有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:系统的配合录像资料的健康教育能更好地改善正畸患者口腔卫生,对减少牙龈炎的发生更有效.     

Nd:YAG口腔激光联合康复新液治疗青少年正畸后慢性牙龈炎的疗效及对口腔健康状况的影响

目的探讨Nd:YAG口腔激光联合康复新液治疗青少年正畸后慢性牙龈炎的疗效及对口腔健康状况的影响。方法将90例正畸后慢性牙龈炎青少年按随机数字表法分为研究组、对照A组、对照B组,每组30例。3组均予以牙龈清洁术,于此基础上,对照A组予以Nd:YAG口腔激光治疗,对照B组予以康复新液治疗,研究组予以Nd:YAG口腔激光联合康复新液治疗。比较3组疗效、治疗前后牙龈疼痛程度、牙龈肿胀程度、口腔健康状况指标(探诊深度、龈沟出血指数、菌斑指数、牙龈指数)、龈沟液炎症因子指标(前列腺素E2、可溶性黏附分子-1、白细胞介素-1β)水平。结果研究组治疗总有效率显著高于对照A组、对照B组(P<0.05)。研究组治疗后牙龈疼痛程度及肿胀程度均显著低于对照A组、对照B组(P<0.05),探诊深度、龈沟出血指数、菌斑指数、牙龈指数水平显著低于对照A组、对照B组(P<0.05),龈沟液前列腺素E2、可溶性黏附分子-1、白细胞介素-1β水平显著低于对照A组、对照B组(P<0.05)。结论Nd:YAG口腔激光联合康复新液治疗青少年正畸后慢性牙龈炎疗效显著,能显著减轻牙龈炎症反应,降低牙龈肿胀、疼痛程度,改善口腔健康状况。     

康复新液治疗口腔正畸患儿慢性牙龈炎的临床效果分析

将收治的160例正畸慢性牙龈炎患儿随机分为观察组（n=80）和对照组（n=80）,给予对照组患儿牙龈清洁术进行治疗,观察组患儿在牙龈清洁术的基础上加用康复新液进行治疗。对两组患儿接受治疗前后牙龈的疼痛程度及治疗效果进行观察和统计。两组患儿在接受治疗后,牙龈的疼痛程度得到了明显的控制和改善,观察组患儿的改善程度优于对照组（P〈0.05）。观察组患儿的治疗效果明显优于对照组,差异显著（P〈0.05）。康复新液治疗口腔正畸患儿慢性牙龈炎的临床效果十分显著,减轻了疾病对患儿带来的疼痛,提高了患儿的生活质量,值得推广。     

康复新液治疗口腔正畸患儿慢性牙龈炎效果观察

目的探讨康复新液治疗口腔正畸患儿慢性牙龈炎的临床疗效。方法选取牙口腔正畸治疗慢性牙龈炎患儿90例作为研究观察对象,随机分为对照组与及观察组,每组45例,所有患儿均使用常规牙龈清洁术以及药物疗法,其中对照组采用的药物为康复新液,而对照组观察组不采取药物辅助治疗,观察组采用康复新液药物辅助治疗。治疗1周,对比较两组患者临床治疗效果。结果治疗1周,观察组患者红肿程度Ⅰ级治愈率为86.67%,疼痛程度Ⅰ级治愈率为88.89%,治疗总有效率为95.56%;对照组分别为44.44%、40.00%、82.22%;观察组患儿治愈率、牙龈红肿疼痛改善情况优于对照组,三组数据比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论康复新液治疗治疗口腔正畸患儿慢性牙龈炎效果显著,可临床推广应用。     

雅皓乳膏对固定正畸早期牙龈炎的防治作用

目的:观察雅皓乳膏在固定正畸治疗中对牙龈炎的防治疗效.方法:将50名固定正畸患者随机分成试验组和对照组(各25例),观察正畸治疗前及治疗后1个月、2个月、3个月发生牙龈炎的情况,检测牙龈指数(GI)、菌斑指数(PLI),进行比较.结果:使用雅皓乳膏1个月、2个月、3个月,2组之间的GI、PLI差异均有显著性,P＜0.05或＜0.01.结论:雅皓乳膏对正畸早期牙龈炎症的发生有一定的预防效果.     

固定矫治中的口腔健康指导与牙周健康

目的探讨口腔健康指导对固定正畸患者牙周健康的影响。方法选取接受正畸初诊儿童30名,随机分为两组。改良组采用改良口腔指导即模型和菌斑染色指导刷牙,传统组采用传统方法口头牙周宣教,检查其治疗前、矫治1周、4周和8周时牙菌斑指数和牙龈指数。结果改良组牙菌斑指数,治疗4周后显著上升,P0.05。改良组牙菌斑指数和牙龈指数上升程度小于传统组(P0.05)。结论正畸治疗会影响患者口腔卫生,采用模型指导和菌斑染色的改良口腔指导能提高患者口腔卫生水平。     

个性化健康教育在固定正畸患者中的应用

目的:探讨个性化健康教育在固定正畸患者中的应用效果。方法:将140例口腔固定正畸治疗患者随机分为观察组和对照组各70例,对照组给予口腔常规健康教育,观察组在对照组基础上实施个性化健康教育,比较两组效果。结果:观察组牙龈炎、牙周炎发生率低于对照组(P0.05),干预后1、3、6个月菌斑指数(PLI)及牙龈指数(GI)低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:对固定正畸患者实施个性化健康教育有利于改善口腔卫生状况,预防牙龈炎、牙周炎的发生。     

冲牙器洗牙改善牙齿固定矫治期间的牙周组织

目的:探讨冲牙器洗牙对成人固定矫治患者牙周组织的改善作用。方法:将32例应用固定矫治器治疗的成人患者分为研究组和对照组,每组各16例。研究组患者的口腔卫生措施为牙刷刷牙联合冲牙器洗牙;对照组患者仅使用牙刷刷牙。分别于研究开始时以及3个月时检测牙周菌斑指数(plaque index,PLI)和牙龈指数(gingival index,GI),比较两组间的差异。结果:应用冲牙器洗牙3个月后,研究组GI变化的幅度显著大于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:冲牙器洗牙是牙刷刷牙的有效补充,应用冲牙器可以有效改善固定矫治器患者牙周的不良症状。     

Chlorhexidine and tooth-brushing as prevention strategies in reducing ventilator-associated pneumonia rates

Background: Ventilator‐associated pneumonia (VAP) is a common complication of mechanical ventilation after endotracheal intubation. The role of chlorhexidine and tooth‐brushing has been considered as a clinical intervention to reduce infection rates, however, evidence to inform this needs appraising. Aim: This paper presents a critical review on the effect of chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and tooth‐brushing in decreasing rates of VAP in mechanically ventilated adult patients cared for in intensive care settings. Methods: A literature search was conducted using a number of bibliographic databases (n = 6). A number of parameters were used to exclude irrelevant papers. A total n = 17 papers were located and accessed, which were directly related to the field. Eight studies that met the criteria and addressed the study aims were reviewed. Findings: CHX was successful in reducing the rate of VAP and using a combination of CHX and colistine resulted in better oropharyngeal decontamination which reduced and delayed VAP. Chlorhexidine was also effective in reducing dental plaque in patients cared for in intensive care and had the potential to reduce nosocomial infections. Results of studies investigating the use of tooth‐brushing in reducing VAP incidence proved inconsistent, although all recommend tooth‐brushing as important in maintaining good oral hygiene. Conclusions: The use of chlorhexidine has been proven to be of some value in reducing VAP, although may be more effective when used with a solution which targets gram‐negative bacteria. Tooth‐brushing is recommended in providing a higher standard of oral care to mechanically ventilated patients and reducing VAP when used with chlorhexidine. However, limitations in study design and inconsistency in results suggest that further research is required into the effects of tooth‐brushing.     

老年人口腔健康调查及其影响因素分析

目的调查老年人群口腔健康现状并分析其影响因素。方法采用牙缺失情况相关调查表、口腔检查表对443例口腔科就诊的老年人进行横断面调查研究。结果443例老年人群中,存在牙缺失270(60.95%)例,75岁以上人群牙缺失比例最高为74.40%(93/125)。缺牙人群中,高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、脑卒中的发病率分别为17.78%(48/270)、12.59%(34/270)、35.56%(96/270)、7.41%(20/270)。性别、年龄、基础疾患(高血压、糖尿病、冠心病、脑卒中)、口腔健康知识(刷牙时牙龈出血是否正常)、口腔健康行为(刷牙频率、牙线使用频率)是影响老年人群牙缺失发生的危险因素。结论老年人群口腔健康状况不容乐观,牙缺失比例较高,口腔健康知识缺乏,口腔健康行为差。护理人员在开展健康教育时,除了分析性别、年龄、基础疾病等方面对老年人口腔健康的影响,还可针对刷牙频率、牙线使用频率、口腔健康知识掌握情况等口腔健康行为进行健康宣教。     

圆锥型套简冠义齿修复牙周病伴牙列缺损的临床观察

[目的]探讨圆锥型套筒冠治疗牙周病伴牙列缺损的临床效果.[方法]采用圆锥型套筒冠义齿修复12例牙周病伴牙列缺损患者共90颗基牙,并与15例66颗基牙采用传统可摘局部义齿修复的牙周病伴牙列缺损患者进行对照,观察1年,从菌斑指数(PLD、牙齿松动度、X线摄片以及治疗效果等方面进行评价.[结果]修复1年后采用圆锥型套筒冠义齿修复的90颗基牙比采用传统可摘局部义齿修复的66颗基牙PLI明显降低(P＜0.05),牙齿松动度显著好转(P＜0.05),并取得了良好的治疗效果(P＜0.05).[结论]用圆锥型套筒冠修复牙周病伴牙列缺损可以取得良好的修复效果.     

A PET activation study of brush-evoked allodynia in patients with nerve injury pain

Acute experimental brush-evoked allodynia induces a cortical activation pattern that differs from that typically seen during experimental nociceptive pain. In this study, we used positron emission tomography to measure changes in regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in patients with clinical allodynia. Nine patients with peripheral nerve injury were scanned during rest, brush-evoked allodynia, and brushing of normal contralateral skin. PET data were analyzed for the whole group and for single subjects. Allodynic stimulation activated the contralateral orbitofrontal cortex (BA 11) in every patient. Whereas normal brushing activated most strongly the contralateral insular cortex, allodynic brushing produced an ipsilateral activation in this area. Another important difference between normal and allodynic brushing was the absence of a contralateral primary somatosensory cortex (SI) activation during allodynic brushing. No thalamic activation was observed during allodynic or control brushing. Although no anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) activation could be demonstrated in the group analysis, single subject analysis revealed that four patients activated this region during brush-evoked allodynia. A direct post hoc comparison of brush -and allodynia-induced rCBF changes showed that allodynia was associated with significantly stronger activations in orbitofrontal cortex and ipsilateral insula whereas non-painful brushing more strongly activated SI and BA 5/7. These findings indicate that activity in the cortical network involved in the sensory-discriminative processing of nociceptive pain is downregulated in neuropathic pain. Instead, there is an upregulation of activity in the orbitofrontal and insular cortices, which is probably due to the stronger emotional load of neuropathic pain and higher computational demands of processing a mixed sensation of brush and pain.     

Self-reported knowledge and behaviors related to oral and dental health in Turkish children

AIM: The purpose of the study was to present oral- and dental health-related knowledge and behaviors of children who presented to Akdeniz University Medical Faculty Pediatric Outpatient Clinic between March 1 and May 1, 2006 for non-dental health reasons. METHOD: Data were collected from a total of 173 children. A survey which contained questions about the children's oral and dental health was completed using face-to-face interview technique. RESULTS: Forty-eight percent of the children were 5-6 years old and 68.8% were not going to school. It was determined that 43.3% of the mothers of the children in the study had a primary-school level of education and 74.6% were housewives. It also was determined that 49.1% of the children had never had a cavity, 43.4% stated that they brushed their teeth after meals, and 30.6% stated that they brushed at least once a day. More than sixty percent of the children spent their allowance on chocolate, chips, cola, candy, and other acidic drinks. A significant relationship was found between the children's ages and having a caries in this study. There also was a statistically significant relationship between the parents' tooth-brushing habit and the children's tooth brushing, and between the parents' frequency of tooth brushing and the children's frequency of tooth brushing. CONCLUSION: Based on the results of the study it is recommended that both children and their families be given education about oral and dental health.     

Intérêt des soins de bouche et du brossage des dents dans la prévention des pneumonies acquises sous ventilation mécanique

Among preventive measures suggested to reduce the incidence of ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP), regular oral care is included in most of the ventilator care bundles. This nursing care usually includes oral rinses with antiseptic solutions, especially with chlorhexidine at different levels of concentration, tooth brushing, associated with repeated oral aspirations. The rational is based on VAP physiopathology: Most of microorganisms responsible for VAP come from oropharyngeal cavity and dental plaque: Oral care with chlorhexidine or other antiseptic and tooth brushing decrease bacterial colonization at this localization. If randomized trials show positive results in cardiac surgery patients, results are more conflicting in other ICU populations. Meta-analyses confirm these results with a probable but modest preventive effect, mainly in cardiac surgery patients, and they show no additional effect of tooth brushing, nor any impact on mortality, duration of mechanical ventilation or length of stay. Oral care is preeminently a basic hygiene and wellbeing care, and plays a minor role in VAP prevention.     

心脏手术病人术前口咽部消毒准备与术后呼吸道感染的相关性

[目的]探讨口咽部术前消毒准备与心脏术后呼吸道感染的关系。[方法]随机将100例心脏手术病人分为安验组与对照组，实验组术前用复方硼砂溶液行口咽部消毒准备，对照组术前只进行一般刷牙漱口．比较两组术后呼吸遣带菌率、发热及咳嗽情况。[结果]两组呼吸道带茵率、发热时间、咳嗽时间及ICU监护时间均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。[结论]术前用复方硼砂溶液行口咽部消毒准备较常规的刷牙漱口，能有效地减少心脏术后呼吸道感染的发生率，减轻呼吸道症状。     

组织修形高频电刀在药物性牙龈增生症手术切除中的应用

目的 探讨应用组织修形高频电刀手术切除药物性牙龈增生症(DGO)的临床疗效.方法 选择60例DGO,增生牙龈均覆盖超过1/3牙面高度,经基础及药物治疗炎症消退后,采用组织修形高频电刀系统进行牙龈成形术.术后即刻观察止血效果及切割是否彻底,术后1周、3个月及1年后复查牙龈指数(GI)、牙周探诊深度(PD)、菌斑指数(PLI)、牙齿松动度.结果 60例患者患牙术中均能充分暴露根面,创面轻度水肿,无明显渗血.术后1周复查均示龈缘红肿基本消退,龈颈缘线清晰,美观恢复良好.术后3个月及1年后患牙牙龈外形满意,GI、PLI与PD均比术前明显改善(P＜0.01),牙松动度则无明显改变,牙龈呈粉红色,未见明显增生及退缩,探诊未见明显出血.结论 应用组织修形高频电刀手术切除DGO,手术操作简单、省时,增生牙龈处理有效、创伤小、出血少,修复效果良好.