氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗肝癌患者围术期护理

目的:探讨氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗肝癌患者的临床疗效及围术期护理方法。方法:选取2016年2~11月收治的42例采用氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗的肝癌患者为观察组,选取2015年2~11月收治的40例采用经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗的肝癌患者为对照组。比较两组治疗效果,总结氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗的围术期护理方法。结果:观察组甲胎蛋白转阴率、肿瘤完全坏死率、12个月生存率均高于对照组(P0.05),术后不良反应发生率低于对照组(P0.05),满意度高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗肝癌的临床疗效满意,完善的围术期护理是治疗有效的关键。     

胰腺癌患者检测TSGF、CA199、CA242、AMS及LPS的临床意义

目的探讨检测恶性肿瘤特异性生长因子(TSGF)、糖类抗原199(CAl99)、糖类抗原242(CA242)、淀粉酶(AMS)和脂肪酶(LPS)对诊断胰腺癌的临床意义。方法采用生化比色法检测26例胰腺癌患者、29例胰腺炎和33例正常对照组TSGF水平、酶免法(ELISA)检测CAl99、CA242水平及采用酶法检测AMS和LPS水平。结果胰腺癌患者组TSGF、CAl99、CA242水平明显高于胰腺炎组和正常对照组(P<0.05),AMS和LPS含量与胰腺炎组无显著性差异(P>0.05),正常对照组AMS和LPS含量与胰腺炎组有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论TSGF、CAl99、CA242、AMS和LPS联合检测对诊治胰腺癌及判断预后具有重要的指导意义。     

TSGF、GA19-9、CA242联合检测对胰腺癌术后复发诊断的应用

目的研究与胰腺癌相关的血清中恶性肿瘤相关物质(TSGF)、糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)和糖类抗原242(CA242)对胰腺癌术后复发诊断的临床应用价值。方法采用生化比色法和AXSYM免疫分析仪,分别检测84例胰腺癌术后患者血清中的TSGF、CA19-9、CA242含量,并每月进行监测。结果胰腺癌术后复发患者3种肿瘤标志物单项水平均高于未复发组,且差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。84例术后患者在随访期复发者49例,其中TSGF 31例、CA19-9 33例、CA242 32例在确诊前已开始增高,上述标志物联合测定可提高对术后复发诊断的敏感性。结论TSGF、CA19-9、CA242术后联合测定能较早的提示胰腺癌术后的复发,并能明显提高对胰腺癌术后复发诊断的敏感性。     

5种肿瘤标志物检测对胰腺癌诊断价值研究

目的 探讨癌胚抗原相关细胞黏附分子1(CEACAM1)、糖链抗原19-9(CA19-9)、癌抗原242(CA242)、肿瘤特异性生长因子(TSGF)和癌胚抗原(CEA)单项和联合检测对胰腺癌的诊断价值.方法 采用ELISA法、电化学发光免疫分析法和生化比色法检测50例胰腺癌患者、50例慢性胰腺炎患者和60名健康者(对照组)血清中CEACAM1、CA19-9、CA242、TSGF、CEA水平,分析和比较单项和2项不同组合肿瘤标志物联合检测对胰腺癌的诊断价值.结果 胰腺癌患者血清5种肿瘤标志物水平均明显高于慢性胰腺炎患者和对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);CEACAM1、CA19-9、CA242、TSGF和CEA单项检测时的敏感性分别为88.0%、78.0%、80.0%、69.7%、42.6%,特异性分别为46.0%、58.0%、64.0%、55.2%、62.3%;2项指标联合检测时平行试验敏感性最大者为CEACAM1、CA242组合(96.5%),系列试验特异性最大者为CA242、CA19-9组合(85.4%).结论 CEACAM1、CA19-9、CA242、TSGF和CEA对胰腺癌诊断有一定价值,2项指标联合检测可提高胰腺癌的诊断效率.诊断胰腺癌时CEACAM1+CA242、CA192+CA242联合检测为首选.     

非小细胞肺癌患者CT引导下氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗前后外周血细胞因子和免疫功能的变化及意义

目的探讨非小细胞肺癌患者CT引导下氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗前后外周血细胞因子和免疫功能的变化及临床意义。方法选择100例非小细胞肺癌患者,设为观察组,均采用CT引导下氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗,另选择40例健康志愿者作为健康对照组,流式细胞仪检测观察组治疗前1天、治疗后2周以及对照组外周血细胞因子干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)以及T细胞亚群CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+百分比,计算CD4~+/CD8~+比值。结果观察组治疗前IFN-γ、IL-6均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后,IFN-γ显著升高,IL-6显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组治疗前CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+均显著低于对照组,CD8~+显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),治疗后,CD3~+、CD4~+、CD4~+/CD8~+均显著升高,CD8~+显著降低,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论非小细胞肺癌患者存在细胞免疫功能紊乱,CT引导下氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗能增强机体的抗肿瘤免疫功能和细胞免疫功能。     

肝动脉化疗栓塞联合氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗中晚期肝癌患者的疗效观察

将30例未行开放手术中晚期肝癌患者随机分为观察组和对照组各15例。两组均采用肝动脉化疗栓塞治疗,观察组加用氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗,对比两组的近期疗效和各时间段的生存率。结果观察组的治疗总有效率为13%,高于对照组的8%(P<0.05)。另外,观察组各时间段的存活率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。中晚期肝癌(不能手术)患者采用肝动脉化疗栓塞联合氩氦刀冷冻消融治疗效果显著,能有效提高近期治疗的总有效率和存活率,值得推广。     

规范化疼痛护理在胰腺癌冷冻治疗患者中的应用

目的:探讨规范化疼痛护理在胰腺癌冷冻治疗患者中的应用。方法:对收治的61例行氩氦刀经皮冷冻治疗的胰腺癌患者进行回顾性分析,包括术前护理、术后规范化疼痛护理如全程的非药学疼痛护理、药学疼痛护理及癌痛健康教育等护理措施进行总结。采用数字评分法(NRS)及面部表情量表法(FPS-R)对61例胰腺癌冷冻治疗围术期患者的疼痛强度进行评分。结果:本组18例术前疼痛评分≥4分有腹部疼痛并接受氩氦刀经皮冷冻治疗胰腺癌,以减轻肿瘤负荷的患者、术后疼痛明显减轻或消失;43例术前无腹部疼痛或疼痛评分≤3分但接受氩氦刀经皮冷冻治疗胰腺癌以减轻肿瘤负荷患者,术后疼痛无明显变化。本组患者术后1~6 d NRS评分显著低于术前(P0.05)。结论:对胰腺癌接受氩氦刀经皮冷冻治疗的患者在治疗过程中实施规范化疼痛护理,可有效缓解疼痛症状。     

氩氦刀联合华蟾素和生脉注射液治疗肝癌对机体免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨氩氦刀局部消融联合华蟾素和生脉注射液治疗中晚期原发性肝癌的疗效及对机体免疫功能的影响。方法:40例拟不能手术的原发性肝癌患者分成对照组和试验组。对照组单纯氩氦刀靶向冷冻消融术,试验组在氩氦刀术后次日起静脉滴注华蟾素40mL/d,生脉注射液50mL/d,连用14d,4周为1个周期,连续治疗3周期。结果:试验组治疗后T淋巴细胞亚群CD3、CD4和CD4/CD8比例及NK细胞水平较治疗前明显增高(P<0.05);ALT、AST、总胆红素(TBIL)和血清白蛋白(ALB)无明显变化。对照组治疗后T淋巴细胞亚群CD3、CD4和CD4/CD8比例及NK细胞水平较治疗前无明显变化;ALT、AST、TBIL升高(P<0.05),ALB降低(P<0.05)。对≥3cm的肿瘤1年内随访发现,试验组的复发率为17.4%(4/23),显著低于对照组的43.5%(10/23)(P<0.05)。结论:氩氦刀局部消融联合华蟾素和生脉注射液治疗原发性肝癌可提高机体免疫力,保护肝脏功能,降低肿瘤复发率。     

氩氦刀合中药治疗肝癌对机体免疫功能影响的临床研究

目的:研究肝癌患者接受氩氦刀经皮穿刺冷冻配合中药治疗前后,机体免疫功能的变化。方法:分析42例肝细胞肝癌患者经氩氦刀加中药治疗前和治疗后7d及14d外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和NK细胞形成率。结果:42例肝癌患者接受治疗后7d和14d,CD3,CD4,CD4/CD8和NK细胞形成率均明显高于治疗前(P<0.05)。结论:采用氩氦刀经皮冷冻配合中药治疗肝癌,可以改善肝癌患者的免疫功能。     

SCCA、TSGF和CA125在宫颈癌患者血清中的表达水平及其与宫颈癌分期的相关性分析

目的探讨鳞状细胞癌抗原(SCCA)、恶性肿瘤特异生长因子(TSGF)和糖链抗原125(CA125)在宫颈癌患者血清中的表达水平及其与宫颈癌分期的相关性。方法选取2014年6月至2016年1月期间本院收治的60例宫颈癌患者作为宫颈癌组,60例宫颈上皮内瘤变患者作为宫颈上皮内瘤变组,并以同期于本院体检的60例健康体检者作为健康对照组。检测三组研究对象血清中SCCA、TSGF和CA125的表达水平,并分析其与临床分期和临床病理特征的关系。结果宫颈癌组患者血清SCCA、TSGF和CA125水平均明显高于宫颈上皮内瘤变组和健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);肿瘤直径≥4cm患者血清SCCA、TSGF和CA125水平均明显高于肿瘤直径4cm患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Ⅲ~Ⅳ期患者血清SCCA、TSGF和CA125水平均高于Ⅰ~Ⅱ期患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);鳞癌患者血清SCCA和TSGF水平均高于腺癌患者,而CA125水平则低于腺癌患者,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);宫颈癌患者血清SCCA、TSGF和CA125水平随组织学分级升高而降低(P0.05);伴有淋巴结转移患者血清SCCA、TSGF和CA125水平明显高于无淋巴结转移患者,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Spearman分析显示,宫颈癌患者血清SCCA、TSGF和CA125水平与临床分期呈正相关(P0.05)。血清SCCA+TSGF+CA125联合检测诊断宫颈癌的灵敏度、特异度和准确度均高于血清SCCA、TSGF、CA125单独检测,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论宫颈癌患者血清SCCA、TSGF和CA125水平检测有助于宫颈癌患者的早期诊断、病情监测和预后评估。     

Prevalence and severity of nausea and vomiting of pregnancy and effect of vitamin supplementation.

OBJECTIVE: Although nausea and vomiting of pregnancy is the most common medical condition during pregnancy, there are many unanswered questions regarding its cause, epidemiologic features and optimal management. The objectives of this study were to ascertain the prevalence of nausea and vomiting in a sample of Canadian women, to characterize the distribution of their severity and to investigate the role of vitamin B6 deficiency in their etiology. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Antenatal counselling service for pregnant women. PATIENTS: Three cohorts of women: a prospective, population-based cohort of 193 women, to estimate the rate and severity of nausea and vomiting (cohort A); a cohort of 555 women who sought advice for nausea with or without vomiting, to study the correlation between the maximal daily number of episodes of vomiting and maximal weight loss (cohort B); and a prospective cohort of 301 women who reported vomiting, to correlate vitamin supplementation with vomiting (cohort C). INTERVENTIONS: All 3 cohorts were interviewed during the counselling session, and cohort B was followed up prospectively. OUTCOME MEASURES: Frequency of nausea and vomiting, weight loss, maximal number of daily episodes of vomiting, rate of multivitamin supplementation. RESULTS: Overall, 67% of the women in cohort A reported experiencing nausea or vomiting, or both; 22% reported vomiting, and 9% experienced weight loss. In cohort B there was a significant correlation between the maximal number of daily episodes of vomiting and maximal weight loss, although there was wide variation (r2 = 0.25, p < 0.001). There was a highly significant correlation between the number of daily vomiting episodes and mean weight loss (r2 = 0.99). In cohort C, vomiting was significantly associated with lack of supplementation with multivitamins before 6 weeks' gestation (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The relation between number of daily vomiting episodes and mean weight loss may serve as a clinical tool to assess the severity of nausea and vomiting in pregnancy and the success of anti-emetics and rehydration regimens. Further study is needed to elucidate the biologic basis of the observed association between vomiting and lack of multivitamin supplementation in early pregnancy.     

Attitude differences of volunteers and nonvolunteers and of susceptible and nonsusceptible hypnotic subjects

A form of the Semantic Differential, containing 9 concepts related to hypnosis and research, was administered to 96 hypnotically inexperienced male Ss. The Ss were later asked to volunteer for a hypnotic experiment, and the hypnotic susceptibility of all volunteers (N = 51) was then determined. Semantic Differential responses of volunteers and nonvolunteers and of highly susceptible and unhyp-notizable Ss were compared. Differences between groups, in both comparisons, were generally not statistically significant, a finding which suggests that there is no simple relationship between paper-and-pencil measures of attitudes and volunteering for hypnotic experiments or hypnotizability.     

骨脂肪瘤及血管脂肪瘤的CT及MRI表现:9例报告并文献复习

目的探讨骨脂肪瘤及血管脂肪瘤的CT及MRI表现。方法收集手术病理证实的9例骨脂肪瘤及血管脂肪瘤的临床及影像学资料,9例术前8例接受CT扫描,3例接受MRI检查。结果9例中骨脂肪瘤6例,骨血管脂肪瘤3例。6例骨脂肪瘤发生于骨内4例,骨旁2例。骨内脂肪瘤跟骨1例,距骨1例,眶骨1例,肱骨1例。骨旁脂肪瘤颅骨1例,股骨1例。骨血管脂肪瘤发生于肋骨1例,颅骨1例,椎骨1例。骨内脂肪瘤CT显示病变骨质呈轻度膨胀性改变,边缘见轻度硬化环,病灶内见脂肪密度及条弧形、结节状钙化,MRI显示病灶T1WI呈高信号,PDWI及T2WI抑脂序列呈低信号。骨旁脂肪瘤CT呈不均匀高密度团块,MRI显示病灶T1WI呈高信号,T1WI及T2WI抑脂序列呈低信号。3例骨血管脂肪瘤CT显示病变骨质呈显著膨胀性改变,骨破坏边缘及内部见多发骨嵴及粗大骨小梁,高密度骨针呈放射状、簇状或不规则排列。结论骨内脂肪瘤及血管脂肪瘤CT及MRI表现均以脂肪成分为主要特征,骨旁脂肪瘤CT以骨化性团块为特征,骨血管脂肪瘤骨质膨胀性改变较骨内脂肪瘤显著,病灶边缘及中心以多发骨嵴及粗大骨小梁为特征。      

城乡居民高血压与饮食习惯的调查分析

心血管疾病是我国的多发病和人群的主要死亡原因之一,而高血压已成为中老年人的常见病,是冠心病、脑卒中最主要的危险因素,已成为世界性公共卫生问题。随着我国经济的发展及人们生活水平的日益提高,我国在1958年、1979年、1991年分别进行了全国性的高血压普查,结果表明,我国高血压患病率在持续上升,且上升速度逐年加快。由于文化程度、生活习惯以及信息来源不足的差异也是导致城居民高血压患病率持续上升的重要原因,因此指导城乡居民进行合理的饮食,对预防高血压的发生、发展有着重要的意义。     

城乡居民高血压与饮食习惯的调查分析

心血管疾病是我国的多发病和人群的主要死亡原因之一,而高血压已成为中老年人的常见病,是冠心病、脑卒中最主要的危险因素,已成为世界性公共卫生问题[1].随着我国经济的发展及人们生活水平的日益提高,我国在1958年、1979年、1991年分别进行了全国性的高血压普查,结果表明,我国高血压患病率在持续上升,且上升速度逐年加快[2].由于文化程度、生活习惯以及信息来源不足的差异也是导致城居民高血压患病率持续上升的重要原因,因此指导城乡居民进行合理的饮食,对预防高血压的发生、发展有着重要的意义.     

Rates and risks of transmission of smallpox and mechanisms of prevention

In 1980, the World Health Organization declared smallpox eradicated from the world; the last known natural case had occurred in Somalia in 1977, and the United States had stopped routinely vaccinating its citizens in 1972. However, with increasing concerns regarding domestic and international terrorism, smallpox has resurfaced as a potential threat to global health. We review the direct and indirect modes of smallpox transmission and how patterns of transmission vary substantially, depending on the severity of circulating disease, vaccination status, environmental and socioeconomic factors, and the setting of an outbreak. We examine mechanisms for controlling outbreaks of disease and preventing further transmission in the event of an outbreak, with an emphasis on smallpox vaccination.