完全腹腔镜规则性左肝外叶切除术治疗肝内外胆管结石的疗效分析和手术体会(附32例分析)

目的 探讨完全腹腔镜规则性左肝外叶切除治疗肝内胆管结石的可行性和手术技巧.方法 回顾性对比同一术者、同时期内完全腹腔镜(32例)和开腹(36例)左肝外叶切除术的手术时间、术中出血量、住院时间、术后切口感染率等指标.总结手术方法和技巧.结果 所有完全腹腔镜规则性左肝外叶切除术均获成功实施,手术时间与开腹手术相当,术中出血、住院时间、术后切口感染率少于开腹手术.结论 强调规则性切除、掌握正确手术技巧,能使腹腔镜规则性左肝外叶切除术治疗左侧肝内胆管结石安全可行;完全腹腔镜规则性左肝外叶切除术与开腹手术相比有一定优势.     

肝部分切除术治疗肝内胆管结石的疗效

目的探讨肝部分切除术治疗肝内胆管结石的临床疗效。方法回顾性分析42例肝部分切除术治疗肝内胆管结石患者的临床资料,其中行肝左外叶切除31例,左半肝切除3例,右半肝切除2例,右后叶切除6例。结果42例患者均顺利出院,肝内胆管多发结石并胆管炎41例,合并胆管细胞癌1例（术后8个月死亡）;手术并发症发生率为23．8％（10／42）,均经非手术治愈;术后肝内胆管残石率为7．1％（3／42）,无明显胆道感染症状,未行处理。术后6个月至4年随访发现胆总管结石复发4例。结论肝部分切除术是治疗肝内胆管结石的有效方法。     

完全腹腔镜左半肝切除术临床应用与分析

目的 总结完全腹腔镜左半肝切除术的临床治疗经验.方法 在不阻断全肝血流的情况下,行完全腹腔镜左半肝切除10例,其中原发性肝癌3例,肝海绵状血管瘤3例,肝囊肿2例,多发性肝内胆管结石2例.结果 10例手术均在完全腹腔镜下顺利完成.手术时间190～340min,平均(253.0±51.2)min;出血量200～800 ml,平均(342.0±191.7)ml.术后住院时间(5.2±1.3)d.无并发症发生.结论 在现有的手术器械条件下,选择合适的适应证患者,行腹腔镜左半肝切除术是安全和可行的.     

肝叶切除术治疗肝内胆管结石

目的探讨肝叶切除术治疗肝内管结石的疗效。方法对81例肝内胆管结石采用肝叶切除术，手术方式包括：右半肝切除、肝方叶切除术、左肝外叶加右肝段切除术、左半肝切除术和右后叶切除术。结果无手术死亡，肝内脾管结石残留8例，残留率约10％。结论肝叶切除术是治疗肝内胆管结石的理想方法，结石残留率低，多功能手术解剖器能缩短手术时间，减少术中出血量。     

腹腔镜肝切除术治疗原发局限性肝内胆管扩张

目的 探讨腹腔镜肝切除治疗原发局限性肝内胆管扩张的临床疗效及手术方法的可行性和优缺点.方法 一共有10例原发局限性肝内胆管扩张患者接受腹腔镜下肝切除手术,其中,男性7例,女性3例;平均年龄47岁.有2名患者行肝右叶切除,4名患者行肝左叶切除,另外4名患者行肝左外叶切除.3名伴有普通胆管结石患者在术中行胆道镜取石术.结果 手术平均耗时303.9 min,手术平均失血量为217 mL.操作者在进行腹腔镜手术中都没有采用手辅助措施,也没有患者腹腔镜手术中或者术后又执行开放性手术.接受手术的10例患者中有9例恢复良好,一名行左半肝切除患者在术后出现了粘液积聚,重新入院后采用经皮穿刺引流治疗.患者平均住院时间为5.3 d,术后半年内胆囊炎没有复发.结论 由具备肝胆外科和腹腔镜两个方面专业知识以及受过相关专业训练的外科医生执行的腹腔镜肝切除术是治疗原发局限性肝内胆管扩张安全有效的方法.     

规则性左半肝切除与非规则性左肝部分切除治疗左肝内胆管结石的临床疗效比较

目的:探讨规则性左半肝切除与非规则性左肝部分切除治疗左肝内胆管结石的临床疗效。方法:回顾分析2009年1月—2014年6月江苏省泰州市人民医院收治的51例左肝内胆管结石行规则性左半肝切除或非规则性左肝部分切除患者的临床资料,其中规则性左半肝切除19例,不规则性左肝部分切除32例。比较2种手术术后结石残留率及术后并发症情况。结果:规则性左半肝切除可以明显降低术后结石残留率,与不规则性左肝部分切除比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2种手术术后左膈下感染、切口感染、胆漏、肝功能衰竭等并发症发生率差异无统计学意义,但规则性左半肝切除术后并发症总发生率明显低于不规则性左肝部分切除(P0.05)。结论:规则性左半肝切除治疗左肝内胆管结石与非规则性左肝部分切除相比,可以明显降低术后结石残留率及术后并发症发生率。     

肝段(叶)切除治疗肝内胆管结石及胆管狭窄

目的 探讨肝切除术治疗肝内胆管结石并狭窄的疗效。方法 采用肝切除术治疗136例肝内胆管结石患者，并对其结石部位和手术方式、手术后并发症、残石率及随访情况进行分析。结果 肝内胆管结石以左肝为主(91例)，肝切除也以左肝叶段切除为多(119例)；27例(19．85％)有肝内胆管狭窄，经肝门胆管成形后开与空肠吻合；26例(19．12％)出现手术后并发症，无手术死亡；术后残石ll例(8．09％)，119例随访6个月—10年，效果优良者达92．43％。结论 肝切除手术是治疗肝内胆管结石的有效方法。     

腹腔镜下肝叶切除治疗肝内胆管结石三例分析

[目的]探讨腹腔镜肝切除治疗肝内胆管结石的可行性和安全性.[方法]2003年11月至2006年9月行腹腔镜下肝叶切除治疗肝内胆管结石3例,在腹腔镜胆道探查的同时行左肝外叶切除.[结果]左半肝切除1例,左肝外叶切除2例,手术时间平均226 min,平均出血量145 ml.[结论]腹腔镜下肝叶切除是肝内胆管结石的有效治疗方法.     

腹腔镜肝部分切除术临床报告

目的：探讨腹腔镜肝部分切除术的方法与价值。方法：经腹腔镜行肝部分切除10例，包括肝血管瘤，原发性肝癌，肝内胆管狭窄并结石等，断肝方法采取超声刀，钛夹、切割器等方法，切除的标本装入标本袋从扩大的脐部穿刺口取出。结果：10例全部顺利完成手术，包括肝左外叶切除及肝的非规则切除等，无中转开腹，手术时间80-280min。术后住院5-10d。手术出血5-400ml。无并发症发生。结论：在部分经过选择的病例中腹腔镜肝部分切除术是一项有前途的微创外科技术，具有安全、创伤小、手术野清晰、出血少、术后恢复快等优点，值得进一步探讨。     

腹腔镜肝叶切除治疗肝内外胆管结石16例临床报道

目的:探讨腹腔镜左肝叶切除在治疗左肝内外胆管结石中的价值。方法:2003年11月至2007年10月间,我院对16例左肝内外胆管结石病人运用自行设计的腹腔镜下专用彭氏多功能手术解剖器(PMOD)行腹腔镜下左肝外叶切除术,其中男7例,女9例,年龄36～69岁,平均年龄47.2岁,其中单纯左肝外侧叶胆管结石3例,左肝外侧叶胆管结石伴胆囊结石3例,左肝外侧叶胆管结石伴胆总管结石2例,左肝外侧叶胆管结石伴胆总管结石及胆囊结石8例。结果:本组16例病人均在完全气腹下进行操作,无中转开腹,未进行肝门血管阻断。其中2例行腹腔镜下单纯左肝外叶切除,3例行腹腔镜下左肝外叶切除联合胆囊切除,3例行腹腔镜下左肝外叶切除联合胆总管切开、胆道镜取石术,8例行腹腔镜左肝外叶切除术联合胆囊切除、胆总管切开及胆道镜取石术,手术时间平均为238min,术中平均出血量为430m1,切除肝脏的最大标本体积为20cm×7cm×4cm术后一例并发肝创面胆漏,经再次手术治疗后痊愈。其余均无并发症发生。术后24h均能下床活动,术后1-3天即进食,1周左右出院,留置T管者出院时均行胆道造影未发现有残余结石,2～3周后拔除T管。结论:腹腔镜左肝外叶切除联合胆总管切开、胆道镜取石是治疗左肝内外胆管结石的有效、可靠的方法,值得推广。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases by mass drug administration

The prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases, including soil-transmitted helminthiasis, shistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis and trachoma, through mass drug administration, are exemplified by the elimination of the trachoma as a public-health problem in Morocco. In spite of this and other striking successes, mass drug administration programs are faced with major challenges resulting from suboptimal coverage and lack of efficacy. At current suboptimal coverage rates, programs may need prolongation for an extended period, increasing costs and undermining sustainability. Community participation through health education and information appears to be crucial to improve coverage and to achieve sustainability. Implementation of complementary measures, such as vector control, improved hygiene and environmental sanitation, are important to further control transmission and to prevent re-emergence of the infection and, again, may only be achieved effectively through community-based initiatives. To reduce costs and to relieve pressure on the health system, combining neglected tropical disease programs in areas where diseases coexist and integration with existing control programs for malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS is advocated. The risk of developing drug resistance is of particular concern in view of the lack of alternative drugs, and reduced treatment efficacy due to emerging resistance is evident for the soil-transmitted helminths and onchocerciasis. Given the risk for the development of drug resistance and the need for a high degree of participation, close attention should be paid to the monitoring of the coverage and efficacy of the different program components.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

Bacterial meningitis: an update of new treatment options

The outcome of bacterial meningitis critically depends on the rapid initiation of bactericidal antibiotic therapy and adequate management of septic shock. In community-acquired meningitis, the choice of an optimum initial empirical antibiotic regimen depends on the regional resistance patterns. Pathogens resistant to antibacterials prevail in nosocomial bacterial meningitis. Dexamethasone is recommended as adjunctive therapy for community-acquired meningitis in developed countries. In comatose patients, aggressive measures to lower intracranial pressure <20 mmHg (in particular, external ventriculostomy, osmotherapy and temporary hyperventilation) were effective in a case–control study. Although many experimental approaches were protective in animal models, none of them has been proven effective in patients. Antibiotics, which are bactericidal but do not lyse bacteria, and inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases or complement factor C5 appear the most promising therapeutic options. At present, vaccination is the most efficient method to reduce disease burden. Palmitoylethanolamide appears promising to enhance the resistance of the brain to infections.     

Imaging choices in occult hip fracture

Background: Hip fracture is a common injury, with an incidence rate of > 250,000 per year in the United States. Diagnosis is particularly important due to the high dependence on the integrity of the hip in the daily life of most people. Objectives: In this article we review the literature focused on hip fracture detection and discuss advantages and limitations of each major imaging modality. Discussion: Plain radiographs are usually sufficient for diagnosis as they are at least 90% sensitive for hip fracture. However, in the 3–4% of Emergency Department (ED) patients having hip X-ray studies who harbor an occult hip fracture, the Emergency Physician must choose among several methods, each with intrinsic limitations, for further evaluation. These methods include computed tomography, scintigraphy, and magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusion: We present an evidence-based algorithm for the evaluation of a patient suspected to have an occult hip fracture in the ED. Also outlined are future directions for research to distinguish more effective techniques for identifying occult hip fractures.