产前超声诊断胎儿脐动脉瘤一例

<正>病例介绍患者,女,30岁,孕1产0,因“孕35+5周感胎动频繁”于2022年6月17日至四川大学华西第二医院（以下简称“我院”）就诊。既往无特殊病史,定期进行产前检查,此前外院超声检查均未发现异常。患者2022年6月17日于我院门诊行产科常规超声检查提示：双顶径8.90 cm,头围31.50 cm,股骨长6.85 cm,腹围31.85 cm,脐动脉收缩期峰值流速/舒张末期流速=1.90,脐动脉搏动指数=0.86,羊水深度6.2 cm,羊水指数14.6 cm,胎盘以附着子宫左侧壁及后壁为主,厚度3.7 cm,成熟度1级,脐带近胎盘插入口处脐动脉局部膨大（图1a）,大小约2.3 cm×2.5 cm×2.7 cm,     

胎儿鼻泪管囊肿超声表现二例

例1孕妇30岁,孕2产1,无不良生育史及身体不适,孕中期致畸因子筛查阴性。孕32周来我院行常规产前超声检查,腹部超声扫查显示:双顶径79mm,股     

胎儿膈疝超声表现二例

例1 女，24岁，孕1产0。孕31周常规产前超声检查：羊水右上7．4cm、右下6．6cm、左上6．0cm、左下5．3cm，羊水指数25．3cm，胎儿心脏位于右侧胸腔，房室结构及与大动脉连接关系未见异常，降主动脉位于脊柱右前方，胃泡位于心脏左后方，左侧膈肌未显示，左侧胸腔内充满肠管回声，左肺未显示（图1），余组织结构未见异常。超声提示：晚期妊娠，臀位单活胎；胎儿畸形，左侧膈疝；羊水过多。     

胎儿肠闭锁超声表现二例

例1 女,25岁,孕2产1,第1胎健康.此次孕早期产前检查无异常,否认有早期服药史及患病史.超声检查于孕31周发现胎儿肠腔宽2.0 em,孕33周肠腔宽2.1 cm(图1),孕37周肠腔宽2.3 cm,均未见肠腔内容物明显蠕动.孕40周超声复查显示胎儿肠腔宽2.9 cm(图2),可见肠腔内容物明显蠕动及逆蠕动,且肠间隙可见少量积液.超声诊断提示胎儿肠梗阻.多次超声检查羊水指数均在正常范围内.生后患儿一般状况良好,但未排胎便.生后10 h内呕吐黄绿色胎便样物约10次,每次5～10 ml,非喷射性.超声检查显示患儿肠腔最宽处3.2 cm.腹平片提示低位肠梗阻.后转综合医院治疗,手术证实为结肠闭锁,术后患儿恢复良好.……     

胎儿脐疝并单脐动脉超声表现1例

孕妇,30岁.孕2产1,现妊娠20周.外院疑胎儿畸形来我院就诊.超声检查:单胎,双顶径5.2 cm,股骨长3.4 cm,胎心搏动规律,心率约183次/min,胎动正常.脊柱连续完整.肝、肾、胃泡及膀胱位置正常.     

胎儿Dandy-Walker综合征伴脐动静脉瘘超声表现1例

孕妇，37岁。28^＋5周，第1胎。超声检查：胎头位于耻骨上，双顶径6.5cm，枕额径8.2cm，股财长径5.6cm，肱骨长径5.0cm，腹围24.6cm，胎心率138次／min，脐动脉血流：脐动脉S／D2.78，搏动指数1.0，阻力指数0.64。胎盘位于子宫后壁，成熟度Ⅰ级，最大厚度约3.4cm，羊水最大深度约9.0cm。     

胎儿十字交叉心产前超声表现二例

例1孕妇,26岁,孕1产0,孕25周,停经后无毒物、无放射性物质接触史,无上呼吸道感染病史,外院产前超声筛查发现胎儿畸形转诊入本院。超声检查:上腹部横切面扫查示:胎儿内脏正位,肝、胆囊位于腹中线右侧,胃泡位于腹腔左侧,腹主动脉位于脊柱左前方,下腔静脉位于腹主动脉右前方。胎儿心脏扫查示:心脏大部分位于右侧心腔,心尖指向右侧,横切面不能显示正常四腔心,心房正位、房室连接一致,右心房通过三尖瓣连于左侧心室(形态学右心室),左心房通过二尖瓣连于右侧心室(形态学左心室);胸腔矢状切面显示心室呈上下排列,右心在上左心在下,实时动态扫查右心室流入道位于左心室流入道上方,两者呈上下交叉排列,室间隔上部连续性回声中断;左、右心室流出道:主动脉发自形态学的左心室,肺动脉发自形态学的右心室,心室与大动脉连接关系一致。主动脉弓内径明显较肺动脉内径小。产前检查彩色多普勒血流成像示:三尖瓣少量反流,室水平双向分流,主动脉弓血流束变窄。胎儿双肺可见,回声均匀。     

胎儿肢体-体壁综合征超声表现二例

例1,孕妇,35 岁,孕2 产1,孕32 周,来我院行产前超声检查.超声显示:胎儿双顶径7畅6 cm,脊柱后凸并侧弯(图1),采用连续顺序追踪超声检测法显示尾骨后旋转探头反复扫查未能显示胎儿右下肢,左下肢可显示,左下肢股骨长5畅4 cm,心脏位于胸腔内,四腔心观显示房室间隔回声缺失,房室间仅有一组瓣膜回声(图2),未探及膈肌回声,未探及腹壁回声,宫腔内探及肝脏及扩张的肠管,胃泡体积较大约5畅0 cm ×2畅2 cm,紧贴于胎盘后方(图3),双肾及膀胱回声正常,胎盘位于子宫前壁,未探及脐带回声,羊水最深约2畅5 cm.     

超声诊断胎儿脐膨出1例

孕妇,23岁.孕1产0.既往体健,无孕期病毒感染史,无致畸物质接触史.孕16周来本所行常规超声检查.超声所见:胎儿双顶径37 mm,股骨长21 mm,羊水最深39 mm,胎心率147次/min,律齐.胎盘位于子宫前壁,成熟度0级.胎体横切面显示胎儿腹部前壁见一大小约29 mm×28 mm偏强回声包块膨出,包块呈圆形,形态规则,包块表面有膜覆盖,内部回声均匀(图1).CDFI显示脐静脉经过包块内(图2).超声诊断:(1)宫内单活胎;(2)胎儿脐膨出(考虑肝脏膨出).引产证实超声所见.     

胎儿肺静脉血流的多普勒超声检测与进展

胎儿肺静脉直接连接左房与肺毛细血管,与心脏血流动力学关系密切,加之胎儿期肺脏没有呼吸功能,有关胎儿肺静脉的研究受到广泛关注.本文就相关文献做一综述.     

Echocardiography detection of fetal ventricular aneurysm: A report of three cases

From March 2007 to September 2009, we have screened with echocardiography a total of 6,502 pregnant women for fetal heart disease. We found three cases of fetal ventricular aneurysm. The relatively large size of the aneurysm in these three cases was clearly visible under standard four‐chamber view. Two were right ventricular aneurysms arisen from the ventricular free wall, and both showed characteristics of true aneurysm with a thin wall and a large communication with the ventricular chamber. Color Doppler showed passive movement of aneurysm during right ventricle contraction. The third case was a large left ventricular aneurysm outpouching from a small opening of the left ventricular wall close to the apical region. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 43 :257–261, 2015     

Prenatal diagnosis of fetal intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix: report of 2 cases

Fetal intra-abdominal umbilical vein varix (FIUVV) is a focal aneurysmal dilatation of the umbilical vein. Its clinical importance has not yet been clearly established, but it has been reported to be associated with increased fetal death rate (in nearly 44% of cases) and chromosomal abnormalities (in 12% of cases). We report 2 cases of FIUVV diagnosed via sonography in the third trimester.     

胎儿脐带绕颈的4251例彩色多普勒超声诊断

目的应用彩色多普勒超声诊断脐带绕颈,从而探讨彩色多普勒超声诊断胎儿脐带绕颈的准确率,分析误诊原因,对其临床诊断、治疗及分娩方式提供依据。方法应用彩色多普勒对18 269例孕妇产前超声检查检出脐带绕颈与胎儿分娩后结果进行对照分析。结果本院12 869名孕妇产前检查,分娩后脐带绕颈者4 530例,占分娩总数的24.80%,超声诊断脐带绕颈4 251例,诊断准确率93.84%。结论彩色多普勒超声对胎儿脐带绕颈诊断安全、可靠,准确率高,具有相当重要的价值。为临床选择分娩方式及降低围产儿病死率提供了可靠的依据,具有积极的指导意义。     

超声诊断胎儿脐动静脉瘘合并胎儿生长受限1例

<正>患者女,28岁,孕3产1,孕38+6周。既往体健,否认高血压史、病毒感染史,无毒物及放射线接触史。孕期常规补充叶酸、钙剂、铁剂;高通量基因测序产前筛查低风险;弓形虫、风疹病毒、巨细胞病毒及单纯疱疹病毒筛查正常;口服75 g葡萄糖耐量实验示:空腹血糖5.3 mmol/L,餐后1 h血糖10.0 mmol/L,餐后2 h血糖7.8 mmol/L,未行特殊处理,后监测血糖正常。超声     

胎心监护联合脐血流监测对早期诊断胎儿宫内窘迫的意义

目的：探讨胎心监护联合脐血流监测在早期诊断胎儿宫内窘迫中的意义。方法选取咸阳市妇幼保健院2010年3月至2013年12月收治的160例产妇为研究对象,所有产妇孕周为34～41周。根据胎心监护和脐血流监测结果,将160产妇分为4组。甲组为胎心监护正常、脐血流监测正常;乙组胎心监护正常、脐血流监测异常;丙组胎心监护异常、脐血流监测正常;丁组胎心监护异常、脐血流监测异常。对比4组产妇分娩前、分娩时发生胎儿宫内窘迫的例数,为以后早期诊断胎儿宫内窘迫提供指导。结果4组产妇胎儿窘迫发生率均不相同,其中甲组胎儿宫内窘迫率为27．2％（31/114）;丁组胎儿宫内窘迫例率为66．7％（6/9）;乙组和丙组胎儿宫内窘迫率分别为33．3％、37．5％,甲组与其他3组胎儿宫内窘迫发生率比较,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0．05）。结论胎心监护联合脐血流监测早期诊断胎儿宫内窘迫的正确率高于单独测定胎心监护或脐血流,为胎儿预后提供了可靠的依据,值得临床上进一步推广。     

脐带绕颈产妇分娩方式分析

脐带绕颈是产程中造成急性胎儿窘迫的重要因素之一,严重时可引起新生儿窒息,甚至围生儿死亡,及时剖宫产可保障母婴安全。近年来,脐带绕颈作为剖宫产指证有逐渐扩展趋势。我们选择产后诊断单纯脐带绕颈单胎头位初产妇资料45例,与同期分娩无脐带绕颈45例正常产妇资料进行对比分析,探讨脐带绕颈产妇采取阴道分娩与母婴预后之间的关系。     

Prenatal diagnosis of umbilical cord aneurysm in a fetus with trisomy 18.

Aneurysm of the umbilical cord is an extremely rare vascular anomaly. We report a case of umbilical cord aneurysm with arteriovenous fistula in a fetus with trisomy 18. At 34 weeks' gestation a fetus with suspected intrauterine growth restriction and oligohydramnios was referred to our institution. Ultrasound examination was confirmatory and additionally revealed multiple markers for trisomy 18. In the umbilical cord an aneurysm was diagnosed characterized by a cystic lesion with hyperechogenic rim measuring 18 x 18 x 19 mm in diameter. Color flow and spectral Doppler examinations showed a jet originating from one of the umbilical arteries entering the cystic lesion which appeared to be the dilated umbilical vein. Fetal blood sampling and subsequent karyotyping revealed trisomy 18 (47, XY, +18). The patient elected to terminate the pregnancy. Pathologic examination of placenta and umbilical cord confirmed the prenatal diagnosis of umbilical cord aneurysm and arteriovenous fistula. Histology demonstrated a strongly dilated umbilical vein, one moderately dilated artery and a second, apparently normal artery.