DR—70^TM检测在消化系统肿瘤中的应用

目的评价 DR- 70 TM在消化系肿瘤筛查中的价值。方法应用 EL ISA对 135例确诊为食道癌、胃癌、肠癌或肝癌的患者和 16 6例年龄相当的健康者进行了对照检测。结果以 5 .3mg/ L 为临界值 ,食道癌阳性率为92 .9%,胃癌阳性率为 92 .9%,肠癌阳性率为 83.3%,肝癌阳性率为 83.8%,合计总阳性率为 85 .8%;与健康对照组结果比较 ,P<0 .0 0 1,差异呈高度显著性。结论 DR- 70 TM可为消化系肿瘤临床提供参考依据     

DR—70^TM检测分析

应用ＡＭＤＬ公司生产的ＤＲ－７０＾ＴＭ试剂盒，用ＥＬＩＳＡ法检测恶性肿瘤患者１４３例健康人群２８４例，良性肿瘤与其他疾病６１例患者血清ＤＲ－６０＾ＴＭ含量检测结果表明，恶性肿瘤ＤＲ－７０＾ＴＭ阳性率为８３．３％，特异性９０％，健康组阳性率９．５％，两者经统计学计数分析，有显著性差异。提示ＤＲ－７０＾ＴＭ检测对恶性肿瘤临床诊断提供一项有价值指标。而对健康人群可作为肿瘤筛选项目之一。     

肿瘤标志物在诊断消化系恶性肿瘤中的应用价值

目的探讨联合检测血清中肿瘤标志物甲胎蛋白（AFP）、癌胚抗原（CEA）、糖类抗原125（CA125）、CA19-9对消化系恶性肿瘤的诊断价值。方法采用电化学发光免疫分析法,对53例消化系恶性肿瘤患者和62例消化系良性疾病患者血清中AFP、CEA、CA125、CA19—9的含量进行检测、比较。结果肿瘤标志物联合检测的敏感性为88．68％,明显高于单项检测的敏感性,其中单项检测的敏感性分别是：AFP为63．46％、CEA为58．56％、CA125为47．17％、CA19—9为52．83％。结论联合检测血清肿瘤标志物AFP、CEA、CA125、CA19—9可提高消化系恶性肿瘤的诊断率。     

蛋白质组学在消化系统肿瘤中的研究进展

蛋白质组学相关理论和技术的完善,为肿瘤研究带来新的思维方式和研究领域,不仅可以从蛋白质整体水平这一全新角度来研究肿瘤的发病机理,而且能寻找用于肿瘤诊断和防治的生物标志物。现就蛋白质组学的基本概念、研究技术和消化系统肿瘤蛋白质组学研究进展作一综述。     

Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay kit for estrogen receptor measurements

Using an enzyme immunoassay (EIA) procedure, we evaluated the ability of the glass beads in the ER-EIA kit of Abbott Laboratories, which were coated with monoclonal anti-estrogen receptor (ER) antibodies, to bind hormone-free and hormone-filled Type I ER in cytosols, buffer washes, and 0.4 mol/L KCI extracts of ultracentrifugal pellets of breast cancer tissue homogenates. The unmodified ER-EIA technique yields higher values than does the dextran-coated charcoal (DCC) method for Type I ER. However, the antibody-coated beads fail to bind hormone-free ER and react with only a certain proportion of ER-[3H]estradiol complexes. The antigen saturation limit of the beads could not be determined because the quantity of antigen bound by the beads was disproportionate and unrelated to the total amount of the antigen available in the cytosols. In buffer extracts of tissue pellets that were ER-negative by the DCC assay, the EIA method detected high quantities of ER. We recommend checking the ability of the monoclonal antibodies to recognize proteins other than Type I ER in the extra-nuclear and nuclear compartments of target cells before using them for immunohistochemical detection of ER.     

Evaluation of a commercial enzyme immunoassay kit for rotavirus detection

A commercial enzyme immunoassay kit (Rotazyme) was compared to electron microscopy for the detection of rotavirus in stool specimens collected during diarrhea outbreaks at day care centers in Houston. E1A was more sensitive than EM and detected SA-11 rotavirus which titered 2.0 × 10³ PFU/ml.     

E411电化学发光免疫分析系统性能评价及临床应用

目的评价Roche E411全自动电化学发光免疫分析系统相关性能及临床应用情况。方法以测定甲胎蛋白(AFP)为例,收集患者高、中、低值新鲜血清混合标本,应用美国临床实验室标准化协会(CLSI)颁布的EP10-A2对E411全自动电化学发光免疫分析系统进行初步评价。结果通过CLSI EP10-A2程序评价显示,E411检测系统偏差、不精密度都在可接受范围内,也未见交叉污染、线性漂移等因素对精密度有明显影响。结论 E411全自动电发光免疫分析系统分析性能可靠,适合临床实验室使用。     

消化系统恶性肿瘤的临床与研究

消化系统恶性肿瘤是我国最常见的恶性肿瘤,是我国引起死亡最多的恶性肿瘤,主要包括食管癌、胃癌、结直肠癌、肝癌和胰腺癌等,发病率呈逐年上升趋势。恶性肿瘤的发生是遗传与环境因素共同作用、多种癌基因协同作用的结果。消化内镜检查和介入性诊治技术的开发与发展,提高了消化系统恶性肿瘤的检出率。肿瘤分子生物学研究对肿瘤的早期诊断和有效治疗,具有深远的影响。肿瘤防治的关键在于早期发现、早期诊断及早期治疗,是提高生存率的关键环节。内镜下黏膜切除术、内镜下黏膜下层剥离术等微创手术,已成为肿瘤早期治疗的发展趋势。     

全自动内镜清洗消毒机的临床应用及效果观察

目的探讨消化内镜清洗消毒的较好方法。方法设全自动内镜清洗消毒机清洗消毒组和三槽式消毒清洗法清洗消毒组,对两种方法进行细菌学检测比较消毒效果。结果两种方法消毒合格率均为100%。结论全自动内镜清洗消毒机消毒效果可靠,且能有效节省人力资源,值得在临床中广泛推广使用。     

Clinical application of enzyme immunoassay in the analysis of citrullinemia

We have developed a sensitive enzyme immunoassay (EIA) for the quantification of argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS) in the range of 0.05-1 ng/tube using a Fab'-peroxidase conjugate prepared with maleimide compound devised by Ishikawa et al. Amounts of hepatic ASS in control subjects were determined by this method with the purified enzyme as a standard and their specific activities were calculated to be 1.3-1.4 mumol product/min (U)/mg of ASS, which was quite similar to that of the purified enzyme. Amounts of ASS in the liver of patients with three types of citrullinemia, type I, II and III according to our arbitrary classification, were determined by the EIA method. The following results were obtained: hepatic ASS from a patient diagnosed as type I citrullinemia because of its abnormally large Km values for citrulline and aspartate was calculated to have a specific activity of 0.18 U/mg of ASS, indicating that the enzyme is a variant; specific activities of ASS in the hepatic extract of type II citrullinemic patients were 1.2-1.3 U/mg of ASS, confirming the finding obtained by single radial immunodiffusion method that the decrease of the activity in type II is caused by a decrease in the total amount of ASS protein; a very small amount of immune cross-reactive material was detected in the liver of a patient diagnosed as type III citrullinemia based on findings of undetectable ASS activity in the liver and cultured skin fibroblast.     

Evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay kit for estrogen receptor measurement--report II

We present evidence to show that monoclonal antibodies to estrogen receptors (ER) in solid phase recognize the secondary estrogen binding sites with moderate to low affinity for estradiol (E2). An excellent quantitative agreement was found in five cytosols between the ER values obtained by the enzyme immunoassay (ER-EIA) and the amount of secondary estrogen binding sites measured by the assay involving dextran-coated charcoal (Clin Chem 1986;32:1496). The immunoreactive protein recognized by the antibody-coated beads, when allowed to react with ER(+) cytosols, is shown to bind [3H]estradiol only when the ligand concentration exceeds 8 nmol/L. Further biochemical and functional characterization of the immunoreactive protein is required to establish similarities/dissimilarities between this protein, high-affinity Type I ER sites, and the secondary sites such as Type II sites.     

消化系神经内分泌肿瘤超声造影表现特征分析

目的分析消化系统神经内分泌瘤(NET)原发病灶及肝转移灶超声造影(CEUS)表现特征,评价CEUS诊断消化系NET的价值。方法 2005—2009年Charité医院收治90例经手术和(或)穿刺活检病理确诊的消化系NET患者。回顾性分析79个消化系NET原发病灶、510个肝转移灶常规超声表现及69个原发病灶、70个肝转移灶CEUS表现。结果常规超声示79个消化系NET原发病灶以低回声和混合回声为主,69.7%(23/33)的小肠NET原发病灶和64.3%(18/28)的胰腺NET原发病灶内部回声不均,27.8%(22/79)的消化系NET原发病灶含部分液化区。CEUS示69个消化系NET原发病灶中93.3%(63/69)血供丰富,72.5%(50/69)呈向心性增强。常规超声示510个肝转移灶中39.1%(199/510)表现为低回声,34.1%(174/510)为高回声,23.7%(121/510)为混合回声;32.7%(167/510)的肝转移灶周围存在声晕。CEUS示肝转移灶中70.0%(49/70)为向心性增强,27.1%(19/70)为快速整体增强,呈离心充盈的仅占2.9%(2/70);78.7%(55/70)的肝转移灶在60s内开始出现增强消退。结论消化系NET原发病灶及肝转移灶具有特征性CEUS表现。CEUS可作为NET影像诊断学方法之一。     

胶体金法粪便隐血检测试剂的性能检测及初步临床应用评估

目的评价胶体金法粪便隐血检测试剂的性能及临床应用价值。方法随机选择150例住院患者粪便样本,分别用试验试剂[胶体金法,梅里埃(上海)生物制品有限公司生产]和对照试剂(胶体金法,上海凯创生物技术有限公司生产)对样本进行检测,并对结果进行统计。同时结合患者临床资料,对检测结果的符合程度进行综合分析,初步评估其临床应用价值。结果试验试剂敏感性可达到40 ng/mL,特异性和重复性均符合要求,与对照试剂结果基本相符,且检测结果与临床病情相符合。结论胶体金法粪便隐血检测试剂方法简便,结果可靠,可进一步应用于临床。     

丙型肝炎核心抗原酶联免疫检测试剂的临床应用

目的评价1种国产丙型肝炎病毒核心抗原(HCV-cAg)酶联免疫检测试剂的敏感性以及在临床应用效果。方法采用1种酶联免疫试剂盒(ELISA)检测HCV游离核心抗原,分别对2808名献血者、随机抽取的1099名门诊病人及244名抗-HCV阳性者血清作HCV-cAg检测,再进一步对献血者、门诊病人HCV-cAg阳性血清作HCV-RNA和抗-HCV检测,对244名抗-HCV阳性血清作HCV-RNA检测。结果献血者2808份血清,经HCV-cAg试剂检测出HCV-cAg阳性1例,此例血清HCV-RNA亦为阳性;随机抽取的1099份门诊病人血清标本,检测出HCV-cAg阳性8份,其中抗-HCV阳性5份(5/8),HCV-RNA阳性5份(5/6,有2份HCV-cAg阳性标本因血清不足未作RT-PCR和FQ-PCR);244名抗-HCV阳性的血清中检测出HCV-cAg阳性52份,HCV-RNA阳性49份(49/52),2种方法符合率为94.23%;另外,检测为HCV-cAg阴性的192份标本中,HCV-RNA阳性68份(68/192)。结论该HCV-cAg检测试剂在不同的临床样本中具有很好的应用价值。     

总IgE定量标记免疫分析试剂盒行业标准的验证

目的对总IgE定量标记免疫分析试剂盒行业标准可行性进行验证。方法按照拟定行业标准的要求,选择不同免疫分析方法的试剂盒,进行验证。结果外观、空白限、线性、准确度、精密度、稳定性等指标符合要求,特异性项目中有个别试剂盒对IgM、IgG的测定结果高于行业标准要求。结论总IgE定量标记免疫分析试剂盒行业标准制定合理,有助于规范此类试剂盒的技术要求和实验方法,从而提高此类试剂盒的产品质量,并为其监管提供依据。     

微柱凝胶技术在输血相关试验中的评价及应用研究

目的 探讨微柱凝胶技术在血型鉴定、交叉配血、抗体效价测定等相关输血试验中的应用,并对其进行方法学评价.方法 对微柱凝胶技术测定的55例Rh D阴性患者中的15例抗-Rh D呈阳性血样及21例正、反定型不符血样、29例交叉配血不合血样综合分析,并与试管抗人球蛋白结果对比.同时,对微柱凝胶技术检测的853例O型孕妇IgG型抗-A或抗-B效价结果进行分析.结果 抗-Rh D的检出率显示,微柱凝胶技术为27.27%(15/55),试管法为21.82%(12/55),效价在1:4以上阳性标本的检出两种方法一致.21例正、反定型不符的标本中,抗原或抗体减弱的11例用微柱凝胶技术检测,显示出反应的不一致性;而用试管法则呈现弱阳性反应.交叉配血中,微柱凝胶技术检出的29例阳性用试管法证实,2例为假阳性.O型孕妇血型效价测定以1:128为界,配偶为A型时,检出率为33.18%(144/434);配偶为B型时,检出率为33.17%(139/419),两者无显著差异.结论 微柱凝胶技术有操作简便、快速、结果客观的优点,但应重视其假阳性和假阴性.出现异常结果时,应将传统的试管法结合显微镜镜检.     

微柱凝胶技术在输血相关试验中的评价及应用研究

目的探讨微柱凝胶技术在血型鉴定、交叉配血、抗体效价测定等相关输血试验中的应用,并对其进行方法学评价。方法对微柱凝胶技术测定的55例RhD阴性患者中的15例抗-RhD呈阳性血样及21例正、反定型不符血样、29例交叉配血不合血样综合分析,并与试管抗人球蛋白结果对比。同时,对微柱凝胶技术检测的853例0型孕妇IgG型抗-A或抗-B效价结果进行分析。结果抗-RhD的检出率显示,微柱凝胶技术为27．27％（15／55）,试管法为21．82％（12／55）,效价在1：4以上阳性标本的检出两种方法一致。21例正、反定型不符的标本中,抗原或抗体减弱的11例用微柱凝胶技术检测,显示出反应的不一致性;而用试管法则呈现弱阳性反应。交叉配血中,微柱凝胶技术检出的29例阳性用试管法证实,2例为假阳性。O型孕妇血型效价测定以1：128为界,配偶为A型时,检出率为33．18％（144／434）;配偶为B型时,检出率为33．17％（139／419）,两者无显著差异。结论微柱凝胶技术有操作简便、快速、结果客观的优点,但应重视其假阳性和假阴性。出现异常结果时,应将传统的试管法结合显微镜镜检。     

Clinical application of 3D imaging for brain tumors

Advances in image analysis methods and computer technology have increasingly facilitated the clinical application of three-dimensional(3D) imaging for brain tumors. This paper illustrates various types of 3D imaging that can be applied to diagnosis or surgery of brain tumors. A preoperatively acquired 3D data set is used for brain tumor surgery simulation and navigation, and is useful for elucidating the relationship between the brain tumor and adjacent brain including the cortical surface, vasculature or eloquent areas of the brain. Recent developments in 3D imaging have allowed the fusion of anatomical and functional images. Integration of 3D images by automatic registering of multiple images facilitates safe and effective treatment of brain tumors.