疼痛教育对痔手术患者疼痛感受的影响

目的探讨疼痛教育对痔术后患者疼痛感受的影响。方法将96例痔手术患者随机分为教育组和对照组,各48例。教育组在常规术前教育基础上实施疼痛教育,对照组予常规术前教育。两组在教育后填写术后疼痛程度的预期调查问卷,术后第2天填写对术后疼痛实际感受调查问卷,并进行比较。结果两组术后疼痛感受与术前预期一致性比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）,两组术后疼痛感受程度比较有显著性差异（P〈0.05）。结论疼痛教育能显著提高患者对痔术后疼痛的准确预期,降低痔术后疼痛的感受程度。     

术前疼痛护理对腹部手术患者术后疼痛的影响

目的:探讨术前疼痛护理对腹部手术患者术后疼痛的影响.方法:将104例腹部手术患者随机分为观察组54例和对照组50例,对照组采用常规术前护理,观察组在此基础上加强术前疼痛护理,比较、分析两组术后疼痛评分及疼痛控制满意度.结果:观察组术后疼痛评分明显优于对照组(P＜0.05),疼痛控制满意度明显高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:加强术前疼痛护理可减轻腹部手术患者术后疼痛,提高疼痛控制满意度,值得临床推广应用.     

术前疼痛教育对结直肠癌手术患者术后康复的影响

目的观察术前疼痛教育对结直肠癌手术患者术后康复的影响。方法将50例结直肠癌手术患者按随机数字表分为对照组和观察组各25例。对照组行常规肛肠外科术前宣教,观察组在常规宣教基础上强化疼痛知识及评分方法教育。术后3d进行镇痛需求、镇痛治疗满意度、睡眠时间及首次肛门排气时间、首次下床时间的评估。结果观察组术后镇痛需求及镇痛治疗满意率明显高于对照组,术后睡眠时间多于对照组,术后首次下床活动时间、首次肛门排气时间及住院天数少于对照组。结论术前疼痛教育能提高结直肠癌手术患者术后镇痛治疗满意度及疗效,有利于术后康复。     

健康教育在减轻门诊手术患者术前焦虑中的应用

目的:观察健康教育对减轻门诊手术患者术前焦虑情绪的影响。方法:选取我院120例门诊择期手术患者,随机分为对照组和观察组各60例;对照组仅在常规护理的基础上进行术前准备及手术指导,观察组在常规护理的基础上术前实施健康教育缓解患者紧张焦虑的不良情绪。两组组患者于术前24 h及术后24 h发放焦虑自评量表(SAS)进行调查,观察术前肌紧张程度、对疼痛的反应程度、心率、血压和不良反应情况。结果:观察组术后24 h焦虑评分与术前24 h相比明显降低,与对照组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的肌紧张程度和疼痛反应程度与对照组相比明显减轻(P<0.05);观察组术前心率和血压及出现失眠、精神状况不佳和注意力不集中等不良反应的发生率明显低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:健康教育对减轻门诊手术患者术前焦虑有重要作用,对保证手术顺利进行、促进患者术后的恢复有良好的效果。     

术前疼痛教育对胸部手术后病人疼痛控制的影响

[目的]探讨术前疼痛教育对胸部术后疼痛控制的影响。[方法]对照组为2009年3月—5月行开胸手术100例病人,未实施术前疼痛教育;观察组为2009年6月—8月实施开胸手术病人100例,实施术前疼痛教育,比较两组教育前后镇痛知识掌握程度、疼痛评分及术后恢复情况。[结果]教育后观察组镇痛知识掌握程度明显高于对照组,疼痛评分明显降低,且术后恢复情况优于对照组。[结论]对开胸手术病人实施术前疼痛教育有利于术后病人恢复。     

术前疼痛教育对胸部手术后病人疼痛控制的影响

[目的]探讨术前疼痛教育对胸部术后疼痛控制的影响。[方法]对照组为2009年3月—5月行开胸手术100例病人,未实施术前疼痛教育;观察组为2009年6月—8月实施开胸手术病人100例,实施术前疼痛教育,比较两组教育前后镇痛知识掌握程度、疼痛评分及术后恢复情况。[结果]教育后观察组镇痛知识掌握程度明显高于对照组,疼痛评分明显降低,且术后恢复情况优于对照组。[结论]对开胸手术病人实施术前疼痛教育有利于术后病人恢复。     

术前疼痛教育对痔疮患者术后镇痛效果的影响

目的:探讨术前疼痛教育对痔疮患者术后镇痛效果的影响。方法:将86例痔疮手术患者随机分为观察组和对照组各43例,对照组采取常规护理,观察组在对照组基础上实施术前疼痛教育。观察两组患者术后疼痛情况及缓解疼痛采取的非药物方法。结果:观察组术后疼痛出现晚于对照组,疼痛持续时间短于对照组,术后24、48 h疼痛评分及术后最痛评分均低于对照组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P0.01);观察组缓解疼痛采取的非药物方法多于对照组(P0.01)。结论:术前疼痛教育能提高痔疮患者术后镇痛效果,减轻患者痛苦。     

知信行健康教育对腹部手术患者术后疼痛管理的作用

目的探讨知信行健康教育模式对腹部手术患者术后镇痛自我管理的影响。方法以2012年1-3月58例患者予以常规疼痛健康教育的为对照组,以2012年4-6月58例患者予以知信行健康教育的为观察组。采用术后镇痛自我管理行为、疼痛程度评分、自控镇痛泵（PCA）的使用量及患者满意度来评价知信行健康教育的效果。结果观察组和对照组术后镇痛自我管理行为之间比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）;对照组在术后48h内的疼痛程度评分明显高于观察组（P〈0．05）;在PCA消耗量方面,观察组明显高于对照组（P〈0．05）;观察组对术后镇痛效果的满意度高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论应用知信行健康教育模式对腹部手术患者进行健康指导,能够有效促进患者术后镇痛自我管理行为,改善术后疼痛控制效果,提高患者的满意度。     

术前疼痛认知教育对骨科患者术后镇痛效果的影响

目的:探讨术前疼痛认知教育对骨科患者术后镇痛及疼痛控制认知度的影响,为提高患者舒适度、满意度及术后生活质量提供科学依据.方法:将180例骨科手术患者随机分为观察组和对照组各90例.观察组在患者入院后进行疼痛教育,术前再次巩固疼痛教育内容;对照组未实施疼痛相关知识教育.结果:观察组患者对疼痛控制的认知高于对照组、正确使用镇痛泵率高于对照组,术后疼痛分值低于对照组,满意度高于对照组,两组比较差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:术前接受疼痛知识教育及尽早进行功能锻炼,可提高患者术后疼痛的控制、提高生活质量及患者对护理服务的满意度.     

心理干预对前列腺电切术患者术前焦虑及术后疼痛的影响

目的:探讨心理干预对前列腺电切术患者术前焦虑和术后疼痛的影响.方法:将89例手术患者随机分为观察组45例和对照组44例,对照组行常规治疗及护理,观察组在此基础上由专人负责进行心理行为干预.测定并比较两组患者术前焦虑、心率、血压及术后疼痛的发生情况.结果:观察组手术前焦虑程度评分显著低于对照组(P＜0.05);术后疼痛发生率显著低于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:实施心理行为干预可缓解患者术前焦虑和减轻术后疼痛.     

Comparison of three preverbal scales for postoperative pain assessment in a diverse pediatric sample

The purposes of this study were to compare the reliability and validity of three pain measurement scales for assessing pain in preverbal and nonverbal children and to determine which of the scales was mos tappropriate in a clinical setting to evaluate pain for infants and young children regardless of developmental stage or cognitive or physical disability. Pain scales tested were revised versions of the Riley Infant Pain Scale (RIPS), the Nursing Assessment of Pain Intensity (NAPI), and the Postoperative Pain Score (POPS). Purposive sampling of 391 postoperative infants and children was used for evaluation of pain in a midwestern children's hospital. Four assessments with each scale were done 1 hr apart by trained observers blinded to pain medications. Data analyses supported high inter-rater reliability, satisfactory discrimination between pain and no-pain observations, and suggested acceptability for all three scales with lower caregiver burden for RIPS and NAPI.     

Prevalence of Hip or Groin Pain in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Musculoskeletal pain is a common cause of pain in adolescence and can be an important predictor of future pain. The prevalence of hip or groin pain that could potentially affect different adolescent populations has not yet been systematically reviewed. This systematic review aimed to determine the prevalence of hip or groin pain in this population. Five electronic databases were searched until January 2019 for eligible studies that included males and females 13 to 19 years of age. Study selection, data extraction, and risk of bias assessments were completed by 2 independent researchers. Based on inclusion criteria, 8 population‐based, 8 clinical, and 4 sports populations were included. Studies were conducted in Europe, North America, and Australia. The prevalence was dichotomized into “0 to 3 months” and “3 months and above.” Meta‐analyses were performed to estimate the prevalence from 0 to 3 months, and individual estimates were reported for studies of 3 months and above. The overall prevalence of hip or groin pain in all adolescents from 0 to 3 months was 12% (95% confidence interval [CI] 6%, 23%) based on 10 studies, and was 7% (95% CI 6%, 10%) based on 7 population studies. Caution should be applied to these estimates due to substantial study heterogeneity. The pain prevalence in cerebral palsy from 0 to 3 months based on 4 studies was 13% (95% CI 10%, 15%). Individual prevalence estimates were 6% and 31% in obese and 4% in hypermobility populations, respectively, and ranged from 6% to 100% in 4 sports studies. The validity of these estimates is compromised by poor methodological quality.     

Adductor-related groin pain in the athlete

Background:

Owing to a multifactorial etiology, the differential diagnosis of groin pain in the athlete is often complex, with a diagnosis being clinically elusive in up to 30% of individuals. It has been suggested in the literature that the adductor musculature is a viable and prevalent source of groin pain. Thus, recognition of the elements related to effective management of these individuals is essential for the clinician.

Objectives:

To review the current literature related to prevalence, risk factors, clinical testing, conservative, and surgical interventions for adductor-related groin pain.

Major findings:

Adductor-related groin injuries may occur in isolation or combination. Athletes participating in multi-directional sports, with prior groin injury, weakness of adductors compared to abductors, and higher level of play are at greatest risk. Clinical testing using the adductor squeeze test at varying angles offers high specificity in the absence of imaging modalities. Evidence for preventative programs exists among soccer and ice hockey players. Interventions focusing on progressively improving adductor muscle performance and lower extremity impairments have been found effective, as have multi-modal interventions. Surgical interventions, recommended for those recalcitrant (>2 months) to conservative care appear effective, with adductor repair or tenotomy procedures being primarily described in case series designs.

Conclusion:

A paucity of research exists to determine the diagnostic utility of clinical tests as well as the efficacy of interventions. Clinicians should be aware of adductor-related groin pain as a clinical entity and recognize the potential merits and limitations of both preventive and adductor-focused interventions.     

Congruence between health professionals' and patients' pain ratings: a review of the literature

The literature suggests that health professionals have a tendency to underestimate pain when performing clinical assessments. In addition, it appears that the more clinical experience one has, the greater will be the underestimation of pain. Pain assessment is difficult because of the complex interaction between environment, patient and practitioner variables. Although there is a need for further research in this area, there are clinical implications worthy of consideration. Health professionals need to use a variety of valid and reliable measures, use measures of pain behaviour and disability to complement self-report measures and examine how their own biases and values may influence pain judgements.