跟腱断裂修复后早期应用等速训练仪的康复测评

背景:传统跟腱断裂修复术后石膏固定时间长,效果不佳,存在较多的术后并发症.目的:探讨跟腱断裂修复后早期应用等速训练仪进行康复训练的安全性和有效性.方法:纳入2007 09/2009-09于青岛市立医院东区就诊的跟腱断裂患者11例,其中9例在跟腱修复4周后应用Isomed-2000等速训练仪进行康复训练,时间共8周.评价指标包括Arner-Lindholm评分、踝关节活动范围、屈伸肌峰力矩值等.结果与结论:随访3～12个月,平均6个月.患者Arner-Lindholm评分优良率为88.9%,踝关节活动范围、屈伸肌峰力矩值等指标均较等速训练前显著改善(P<0.05),无感染和再断裂病例.结果提示跟腱断裂修复后4周应用等速训练仪行等速康复训练是安全和有效的,可为跟腱断裂后早期活动提供参考数据.     

Updates in biological therapies for knee injuries: tendons

Tendons are subjected to tendinopathies caused by inflammation, degeneration, and weakening of the tendon, due to overuse and trauma, which may eventually lead to tendon rupture. Recently, there has been increasing interest in biological approaches to augment tissue healing. Tendon healing occurs through a dynamic process with inflammation, cellular proliferation, and tissue remodeling. In this review article, we discuss the more frequently proposed biological therapies for tendon injuries as platelet-rich plasma, mesenchymal stem cells, extracorporeal shockwave, and scaffolds.     

Physical therapist management of fluoroquinolone-induced Achilles tendinopathy

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics is reported to be a cause of adverse musculoskeletal effects, such as tendinopathies and tendon ruptures. The purpose of this case report is to describe the management and outcomes of a patient with bilateral Achilles tendinopathy secondary to fluoroquinolone antibiotic use. CASE DESCRIPTION: The patient was a 41-year-old man who developed bilateral Achilles tendon pain on the third day of levofloxacin use. The physical therapy intervention consisted of an initial phase to reduce stress on the tendon through the use of crutches and orthoses and a second phase to progressively stress the tendon through exercise and functional activities. OUTCOMES: After 11 weeks of physical therapy (14 treatments), the patient's pain decreased from 3/10 to 1/10 on a visual analog scale and his Lower Extremity Functional Scale score increased from 28/80 to 71/80. DISCUSSION: An overlapping 2-phased intervention approach based on connective tissue remodeling principles may be effective in elimination of pain and restoration of function following fluoroquinolone-induced Achilles tendinopathy.     

生物材料修复运动性肌肉肌腱损伤：2007/2009 CNKI数据库相关文献的评价

目的：文献分析当前生物材料在修复运动性肌肉肌腱损伤方面研究现状。方法：以＂生物材料、运动损伤、修复、肌腱＂为中文关键词,采用计算机检索中国期刊论文数据库2007-01/2009-12相关文章。纳入关于生物材料在修复肌肉、肌腱方面研究的文章,排除重复研究或Meta分析类文章。以19篇文献为主,重点对生物材料在修复肌肉肌腱方面研究文献进行了整理分析。结果：组织工程研究的不断深入为运动性肌肉肌腱损伤的修复提供了可靠的生物材料和技术保障,生物材料修复运动性肌腱损伤具有与人体组织相容性好、易被组织吸收、不易感染、无粘连及断裂、无排斥等现象,表现了其优势。同时人工生物材料的妥善运用,为肌腱损伤后的快速良好康复提供了可能及保障。结论：肌腱愈合由内、外源愈合共同作用,以内源性愈合方式为主,同时又与腱鞘、腱纽及滑液等条件有密切联系;肌腱粘连多是由于外源性愈合参与过多及腱周损坏所致。     

带线锚钉材料在跟腱断裂修复中的应用

背景：带线锚钉材料修复跟腱断裂较传统可吸收线编织法具有操作简单、固定可靠、生物力学强度大的优势。目的：观察应用带线锚钉材料修复跟腱断裂的临床效果。方法：选择急性跟腱断裂患者30例,根据患者自愿原则采取两种方法修复跟腱,实验组采用带线锚钉材料以编织法行断端缝合,对照组采用可吸收缝线以编织法行断端缝合。随访1年观察患者足踝功能修复效果。结果与结论：实验组足踝功能、跖屈肌力、患者满意度明显优于对照组（P〈0.05）。表明带线锚钉材料可更好修复跟腱断裂,保护踝关节功能。     

The role of biologic in foot and ankle trauma—a review of the literature

Purpose of review

The use of biologics in orthopedics is becoming increasingly popular as an adjuvant in healing musculoskeletal injuries. Though many biologics involved in the management of foot and ankle injuries are used based on physician preference, reports of improved outcomes when combined with standard operative treatment has led to further clinical interest especially in foot and ankle trauma.

Recent findings

The most recent studies have shown benefits for biologic use in patients predisposed to poor bone and soft tissue healing. Biologics have shown benefit in treating soft tissue injuries such as Achilles ruptures as well as the complications of trauma such as non-unions and osteoarthritis.

Summary

Biologics have shown some benefit in improving functional and pain scores, as well as reducing time to heal in foot and ankle traumatic injuries, with particular success shown with patients that have risk factors for poor healing. As the use of biologics continues to increase, there is a need for high-level studies to confirm early findings of lower level reports.

     

Oxygen species and overuse tendinopathy in athletes

Purpose.?To review the current concepts on tendon damage and reactive oxygen species (ROS). We suggest that tendons are subject to reactive oxygen generated both within the vicinity of the tendon and from the tenocytes themselves.

Method.?A literature search was conducted to trace relevant literature on tendon damage and ROS.

Results.?Tendinopathies have a complex aetiology. Tendon physiology and structure may preclude ROS involvement in various aspects of the predisposition to and participation in a failed healing response process and subsequent response to injury. However, given the ubiquitous nature of ROS production and their now accepted involvement in signal transduction, such highly active chemicals may influence signal transduction in the tendon. Therefore, the tendon is continually exposed to ROS during normal and athletic exercise which, in combination with lifestyle and possibly hereditary factors, may influence tendon integrity and orchestrate tendon repair.

Conclusions.?The production of ROS by tenocytes may be a response to hyperthermia and to repetitive ischaemia/reperfusion, and may influence the development of tendinopathies.     

生物材料预防肌腱运动损伤后粘连及促愈合作用

背景：肌腱损伤后常见的并发症是肌腱粘连,其防治一直是医学界普遍关注的问题。目的：综述生物材料预防肌腱损运动伤后粘连及促愈合作用。方法：以＂生物材料,肌腱损伤,预防粘连,修复＂为中文关键词,＂biologicalmaterial,tendon injury,prevent antistick,repair＂为英文关键词,采用计算机检索1980-01/2010-12相关文章。纳入与生物材料与组织工程骨缺损修复相关的文章;排除重复研究或Meta分析类文章。结果与结论：肌腱损伤后的愈合包括内源性愈合、外源性愈合两种形式。防止肌腱粘连的理想途径,是通过改善肌腱的营养状况和周围环境,来促进内源性愈合,抑制或减轻外源性愈合。文章就目前常用的几种生物材料预防肌腱粘连的作用机制及特点进行了探讨,以便更好地发挥其预防肌腱粘连的作用。     

不同生物材料修复跟腱损伤的应用

背景：构建组织工程化肌腱的关键是寻找适于肌腱细胞黏附、生长及功能分化的支架材料。目的：评价不同生物材料在跟腱损伤修复中的效果。方法：以＂生物材料,跟腱,修复＂为关键词在万方数据库中检索1985-01/2011-01关于生物材料治疗跟腱缺损的文章。结果与结论：陈旧性跟腱断裂难以自行愈合及修复,易遗留疼痛及功能障碍。长期以来,不少学者对跟腱缺损的治疗进行了较多的研究,从自体肌腱移植、同种异体肌腱移植到人工肌腱移植、组织工程肌腱移植等,实践证明这些方法手段都存在一定的优点和缺点。虽然肌腱组织工程中支架材料的研究与应用已经取得了一些成功,但是目前应用的材料或存在生物相容性问题、降解性问题或存在力学性能差、难加工成型等缺陷,与理想的支架材料还存在很大差距。     

Achilles tendon ruptures

The incidence of acute Achilles tendon ruptures is on the rise. This is thought to be due to the increasing number of middle-aged persons participating in athletic and/or strenuous activity. Ruptures of the Achilles tendon can be severely debilitating, with deficits seen years after the initial incident. Also, these injuries can have substantial socioeconomic impacts regardless of the treatment selected. Debate continues over the optimal treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures, especially the argument whether to treat patients nonoperatively or surgically. Newer evidence shows that functional rehabilitation, including early weight-bearing, should be an integral part of successful treatment of acute Achilles ruptures. Further research is needed to further investigate the ideal treatment and rehabilitation protocols.     

不同生物材料修复跟腱损伤的应用

背景:构建组织工程化肌腱的关键是寻找适于肌腱细胞黏附、生长及功能分化的支架材料.目的:评价不同生物材料在跟腱损伤修复中的效果.方法:以"生物材料,跟腱,修复" 为关键词在万方数据库中检索1985-01/2011-01关于生物材料治疗跟腱缺损的文章.结果与结论:陈旧性跟腱断裂难以自行愈合及修复,易遗留疼痛及功能障碍.长期以来,不少学者对跟腱缺损的治疗进行了较多的研究,从自体肌腱移植、同种异体肌腱移植到人工肌腱移植、组织工程肌腱移植等,实践证明这些方法手段都存在一定的优点和缺点.虽然肌腱组织工程中支架材料的研究与应用已经取得了一些成功,但是目前应用的材料或存在生物相容性问题、降解性问题或存在力学性能差、难加工成型等缺陷,与理想的支架材料还存在很大差距.     

生物材料预防肌腱运动损伤后粘连及促愈合作用

背景:肌腱损伤后常见的并发症是肌腱粘连,其防治一直是医学界普遍关注的问题.目的:综述生物材料预防肌腱损运动伤后粘连及促愈合作用.方法:以"生物材料,肌腱损伤,预防粘连,修复"为中文关键词,"biologicalmaterial,tendon injury,prevent antistick,repair"为英文关键词,采用计算机检索1980-01/2010-12 相关文章.纳入与生物材料与组织工程骨缺损修复相关的文章;排除重复研究或Meta 分析类文章.结果与结论:肌腱损伤后的愈合包括内源性愈合、外源性愈合两种形式.防止肌腱粘连的理想途径,是通过改善肌腱的营养状况和周围环境,来促进内源性愈合,抑制或减轻外源性愈合.文章就目前常用的几种生物材料预防肌腱粘连的作用机制及特点进行了探讨,以便更好地发挥其预防肌腱粘连的作用.     

Biomechanical properties of different techniques used in vitro for suturing mid-substance Achilles tendon ruptures

BackgroundThe Dresden technique preserves the paratenon during Achilles tendon repair and may improve the plantarflexor mechanism when combined with mobilization during early rehabilitation. However, the surgical repair design for Achilles tendon ruptures can affect rates of re-rupture or lengthening. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the biomechanical properties of the Krackow, Double-Kessler, Double-Dresden, and Triple-Dresden techniques used for repairing mid-substance Achilles tendon ruptures during cyclical and maximum traction.MethodsSixty mid-substance bovine tendons repaired after transverse rupturing were divided randomly into four groups by repair technique: Krackow, Double-Kessler, Double-Dresden, and Triple-Dresden. Cyclical tractions of 4.7, 5.8, 7.9, and 11.7 mm (equivalent to 5°, 8°, 10°, and 15° of dorsal flexion, respectively) were applied to determine gapping, tensile strength, nominal suture stress, repair deformation, and specimens with clinical failure (gap > 5 mm). Maximal traction was applied to measure maximum strength and failure type (i.e. suture, knot, or tendon).FindingsThe Triple-Dresden technique resulted in decreased gapping, nominal suture stress, repair deformation, and quantity of specimens with clinical failure as compared to the other techniques. Furthermore, Triple-Dresden tendons showed greater comparative tensile and maximum strength. During maximal traction testing, this technique presented tendon failure, whereas the Krackow, Double-Kessler, and Double-Dresden techniques had suture failures.InterpretationTriple-Dresden repair results in better cyclical and maximum traction strengths, suggesting that this technique might be more appropriate when performing early mobilization after mid-substance Achilles tendon rupture repair.     

Reprise des activités après chirurgie tendineuse : quels critères utiliser ?

Objective

This review aims to identify assessment criteria for return to sport and return to daily activities after surgery of rotator cuff tendon, epicondylar tendon and patellar and Achilles tendons.

高分子化合物及药物薄膜屏障在预防肌腱损伤中的应用

目的:探讨几丁搪、可吸收性防粘连膜、透明质酸3种高分子生物屏障材料对肌腱损伤导致的肌腱粘连的预防机制和作用原理.方法:以肌腱粘连,高分子生物屏障,几丁搪,可吸收性防粘连膜,透明质酸为检索词,检索中国期刊全文数据库(1999-01/2009-06),以tendon adhesion,high polymer biology barrier,several Ding keeps out,absorbability antiseize continually membrane,hyaluric acid为检索词,检索Pubmed数据库(1999-01/2009-06),文献检索语种限制为中文和英文.以肌腱愈合质量和肌腱周围的炎性反应为评价指标,纳入几丁搪、可吸收性防粘连膜、透明质酸3种高分子生物屏障材料对肌腱损伤导致的肌腱粘连的预防机制和作用原理的研究,排除其他生物材料的研究.结果:计算机初检得到223篇文献,根据纳入排除标准,对几丁搪、可吸收性防粘连膜、透明质酸3种高分子生物屏障材料对肌腱损伤导致的肌腱粘连的预防机制、作用原理进行分析.肌腱粘连是肌腱损伤后常见的并发症,其防治一直是医学界普遍关注的问题.肌腱愈合有内源性和外源性两种途径,而周围组织的粘连和肌腱瘢痕的形成与外源性愈合又有不可分割的关系,因此如果能促进内源性愈合,尽量避免外源性愈合,就可以较好地解决这个问题.目前国内外学者倍加推崇的是高分子化合物及药物薄膜屏障在防止肌腱粘连中的应用.结论:高分子生物屏障材料一方面通过薄膜的屏障作用防止或减轻粘连,另一方面通过药物的药理作用影响肌腱愈合的内源性和外源性机制(主要加速内源性愈合),达到减轻粘连的目的.     

微创吻合器小切口跟腱吻合修复急性跟腱断裂

背景:切开手术治疗急性跟腱断裂对跟腱的血运和腱周组织造成较大的破坏,容易发生跟腱粘连,延缓跟腱愈合.目的:观察跟腱微创吻合器吻合修复急性跟腱断裂的效果.方法:对2008-02/2009-08采用跟腱微创吻合器治疗的急性跟腱断裂并获得随访的22例患者,进行早期功能操练,并按照美国骨科协会足踝外科分会的标准评价踝关节功能,评价跟腱微创吻合器的治疗效果.结果与结论:22例均获得随访,随访期为7～14个月(平均11.4个月),所有患者伤口愈合良好,未发生跟腱再断裂,无腓肠神经支配区的感觉缺失,吻合后3个月AOFAS标准评分为95分,吻合后6个月为98分.说明跟腱微创吻合器能微创治疗急性跟腱断裂并获得良好效果.     

Synthesis,characterization and histomorphometric analysis of cellular response to a new elastic DegraPol® polymer for rabbit Achilles tendon rupture repair

Tendon rupture repair is a surgical field where improvements are still required due to problems such as repeat ruptures, adhesion formation and joint stiffness. In the current study, a reversibly expandable and contractible electrospun tube based on a biocompatible and biodegradable polymer was implanted around a transected and conventionally sutured rabbit Achilles tendon. The material used was DegraPol® (DP), a polyester urethane. To make DP softer, more elastic and surgeon‐friendly, the synthesis protocol was slightly modified. Material properties of conventional and new DP film electrospun meshes are presented. At 12 weeks post‐surgery, tenocyte and tenoblast density, nuclei and width, collagen fibre structure and inflammation levels were analyzed histomorphometrically. Additionally, a comprehensive histological scoring system by Stoll et al. (2011) was used to compare healing outcomes. Results showed that there were no adverse reactions of the tendon tissue following the implant. No differences were found whether the DP tube was applied or not for both traditional and new DP materials. As a result, the new DP material was shown to be an excellent carrier for delivery of growth factors, stem cells and other agents responsible for tendon healing. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.