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1.
目的 探讨E-Tracking技术检测2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者颈动脉弹性应的用价值.方法 根据颁动脉趟声的检查结果,将62例T2DM患者分为两组:A组(颈动脉内中膜增厚和/或斑块存在,32例),B组(颈动脉内中膜无增厚亦无斑块存在,30例).另选35例正常人作为对照组(C组).用E-Tracking技术自动跟踪颈总动脉壁的运动,检测收缩期颈总动脉管径(Ds)、舒张期颈总动脉管径(Dd)、压力-应变弹性系数(Ep)、硬化参数(p)、及顺应性(AC)、脉搏波传导速度(PWVt3)和增大指数(AI).结果 A组和B组患者的Ep,β,PWVβ,AI较C组显著增加,AC较C组显著减低.与B组比较,A组的Ep,PWVβ3显著增高,AC显著减低.另外,A组和B组患者的Ds和Dd较C组显著增宽.结论 在颈动脉出现内中膜增厚或斑块之前,T2DM患者动脉弹性已经发生了变化.E-Tracking技术可用来检查动脉粥样硬化早期的动脉弹性改变.  相似文献   

2.
目的:运用E-Tracking技术检测糖尿病视网膜病变患者的颈动脉弹性。方法:选择2型糖尿病患者90例及健康志愿者30例,测量颈动脉收缩期内径(Ds)、血管内膜中层厚度(IMT)、收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、阻力指数(RI)、压力-应变弹性系数(Ep)、硬化参数(β)、顺应性(AC)、单点脉搏波传导速度(PWVβ)、增大指数(AI)。结果:①与对照组比较,糖尿病A组、B组、C组Ds、PSV、RI无明显差异,糖尿病A组IMT无显著性差异;糖尿病B组IMT有显著性差异(P<0.05);糖尿病C组IMT有显著性差异(P<0.01);②与对照组比较,糖尿病A组Ep、β测值均明显高于对照组(P<0.01),PWVβ、AI高于对照组(P<0.05);AC测值低于对照组(P<0.05)。糖尿病各组间Ep、β、PWVβ、AC测值有统计学差异(P<0.05),AI无统计学差异。结论:2型糖尿病患者颈动脉在发生动脉硬化形态学改变之前,其血管内皮功能已存在损伤,糖尿病视网膜病变患者颈动脉弹性减低更为明显。  相似文献   

3.
目的 利用血管回声跟踪技术(ET)测量高血压病患者的颈动脉弹性功能,探讨管径增大指数(AI)、单点脉搏波传导速度(ewv[3)与动脉弹性功能的关系。方法高血压病患者90例,均分为三组:A组肱动脉脉压差〈60mmHg,B组脉压差为60~80mmHg,C组脉压差≥80mmHg。测量患者颈动脉ET参数:硬化指数(B)、压力一应变弹性系数(Ep)、顺应性(AC)、AI、PWV[3及肱动脉脉压差,比较不同脉压差组问颈动脉弹性功能参数的差异。结果A、B、C三组间收缩压依次增高,B、C组收缩期颈动脉内径(Ds)、舒张期颈动脉内径(Dd)较A组增高,差异均有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。B组和C组β、Ep、AC、AI较A组增高,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。AI与年龄、IMT、脉压差呈正相关,与Ds—Dd呈负相关;PwVB与年龄、收缩压、脉压差、Dd呈正相关,与Ds—Dd呈负相关。结论AI、PWVβ随脉压差增大而增大,参数异常早于脉压差增大,二者结合能较敏感地早期反应动脉弹性功能。  相似文献   

4.
目的 探讨高分辨力超声结合血管回声跟踪技术定量评价脑梗塞患者颈总动脉弹性参数的临床价值.方法 选用脑梗塞患者160例和正常对照组40例,应用高频线阵探头采用血管回声跟踪技术测量颈总动脉,获取颈总动脉的弹性系数(Ep)、僵硬度(β)、顺应性(AC)、脉搏波放大指数(AI)、单点脉搏波传导速度(PWVβ)、收缩期血管内径(Ds)及舒张期血管内径(Dd)等指标,分析这些指标与性别、年龄及心率的关系.结果 脑梗塞患者与正常人颈动脉弹性相比较,压力-应变弹性系数(Ep)、硬度指数(β)、AI及PWVβ较正常对照组明显升高(P<0.05);AC较正常对照组明显减低.性别差异对脑梗塞患者颈动脉弹性参数无影响.脑梗塞患者的β、Ep、AC、AI、PWVβ、Ds、Dd与年龄呈正相关;脑梗塞患者心率与AC、AI、Ds、Dd呈正相关;心率与β、Ep、PWVβ呈负相关.结论 应用血管回声跟踪技术能够准确定量评价脑梗塞患者颈总动脉弹性.  相似文献   

5.
目的采用血管回声跟踪(ET)技术评价严格血糖控制对2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者颈动脉弹性的影响。方法选择病程2~5年的T2DM患者68例和正常对照组54例,采用ET技术测定颈动脉弹性参数,即硬化值(β)、弹性系数(Ep)、增大指数(AI)、顺应性(AC)和单点脉搏波传导速度(PWVβ)。结果①与正常对照组比较,T2DM组β、Ep、AI和PWVβ值明显增高,而AC值降低(P〈0.05);②T2DM组糖化血红蛋白(HbAlc)与13、Ep、AI和PWVβ呈显著正相关,与Ac呈显著负相关;③严格血糖控制的T2DM1组β、Ep、AI和PWVβ值较血糖控制不佳的T2DM2组明显降低,而AC值升高。结论严格血糖控制可明显增加T2DM患者颈动脉弹性,改善血管内皮功能。  相似文献   

6.
目的 应用回声跟踪(E-Tracking)技术评价糖尿病肾病不同时期颈动脉弹性的变化及临床意义.方法 选择2型糖尿病(T2DM)患者93例和正常对照(NC)32例,按照尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)将T2DM分为正常蛋白尿(DM1)、微量尿蛋白(DM2)和临床尿蛋白(DM3)三组,并采用彩色多普勒超声诊断仪测量颈动脉内膜-中层厚度(IMT)、收缩期颈动脉内径(Ds)、收缩期峰值流速(PSV)、阻力指数(RI)、压力-应变弹性系数(Ep)、硬化指数(β)、顺应性(AC)、单点脉搏波传导速度(PWVβ)和增大指数(AI)等参数.结果 (1)与NC组比较,T2DM患者IMT值均明显增高(P<0.05); (2)与NC组比较,T2DM患者β、Ep、AI和PWVβ值明显增高,AC降低(P<0.05),而与DM1和DM2两组比较,DM3组的β和PWVβ值均升高(P<0.05);(3)直线相关分析发现IMT与β、Ep、AI、PWVβ呈正相关(P<0.05),与AC呈负相关(P<0.05),Logistic回归分析显示UAER与β、PWVβ和IMT呈正相关性(P<0.05).结论 糖尿病早期肾病期患者的颈动脉弹性已经发生改变,测定颈动脉弹性的变化可以反映糖尿病微血管的病变程度.  相似文献   

7.
目的应用血管回声跟踪技术(ET)评价缺血性脑血管病患者颈动脉弹性的变化,从而全面分析病因、评估预后。方法随机选择住院的短暂性脑缺血(TIA)患者30例、脑梗塞患者30例,正常对照组30例,应用ET术评估颈动脉硬化参数:血管压力应变弹性系数(Ep)、僵硬度(β)、顺应性(AC)、脉搏波传导速度(PWVβ)、增大指数(AI)、收缩期最大血管内径(Ds)及舒张期最小血管内径(Dd)。结果①脑梗塞患者β、Ep、AI及PWVβ较正常组升高,AC较正常组降低,且差异有统计学意义。TIA患者β、Ep、AI及PWVβ较正常组升高,AC较正常组降低,但差异无统计学意义。②脑梗塞组年龄〈60岁者的Ds和Dd与≥60岁者无明显差异;正常组、TIA组年龄≥60岁者较〈60岁者的Ds和Dd增大(P〈0.05)。结论ET技术能有效评价缺血性脑血管病患者颈动脉的弹性改变,为临床提供较丰富的信息。  相似文献   

8.
目的:应用新版血管壁回声跟踪技术(E-Tracking)评价高血压颈动脉血管病变。方法:分别对高血压患者56例(平均年龄55.5岁)和正常健康者52例(平均年龄54.7岁)采用高频线阵探头测量颈总动脉内中膜厚度(IMT),应用新版血管壁回声跟踪技术检测弹性系数(Eρ)、硬化参数(β)、顺应性(AC)、脉搏波传导速度(PWVβ)和增大指数(AI),并对高血压患者组上述参数进行相关性分析。结果:高血压组较正常对照组Eρ,β,PWVβ及IMT增高,AC降低,且均有显著性差异。高血压组的PWVβ与β,Eρ和IMT呈正相关,与AC呈负相关;高血压组的AI与Eρ,β,AC和IMT无明显相关。结论:新版E-Tracking技术客观准确的反映了高血压患者血管弹性改变,是评价血管壁弹性简便实用的新方法。  相似文献   

9.
目的:应用血管回声跟踪技术检测酒精性肝病(ALD)患者颈动脉弹性,并分析各项参数与血管内皮舒张功能的相关性。方法:ALD患者及正常对照组各50例,常规颈动脉超声获取IMT、D、RI、PI、S/D几项指标;采用E-Tracking技术获取Eρ、β、AC、AI、PWVβ几项指标;超声测量右侧肱动脉反应性充血后内径百分变化率(EDD%)。比较两组常规超声指标及E-Tracking指标,分析ALD组各项E-Tracking指标与EDD%的相关性。结果:两组间常规检测指标无明显差异,ALD组的Eρ、β、PWVβ明显高于对照组,AC则明显低于对照组,ALD组中EDD%与AC呈正相关,与Eρ、β呈负相关。其中,相关性最强的指标为Eρ和AC。结论:ALD患者早中期即出现血管弹性、硬度指数增高,顺应性减低,扩张性增高,血管内皮功能受损,E-Tracking技术能准确定量评价颈动脉弹性,为临床早期评价动脉功能变化提供了一种新的方法。  相似文献   

10.
目的 应用血管回声跟踪技术评价慢性肾病(CKD)1期患者颈总动脉弹性.方法 收集47例CKD1期患者及66例正常对照人群,应用 血管回声跟踪(E Tracking)技术检测颈总动脉弹性参数,包括压力应变系数(Ep)、硬化参数(β)、顺应性(AC)、单点脉搏波传导速度(PWVβ)及增大指数(AI),并进行统计学分析.结果 CKD 1组β、Ep、AI及PWVβ值较正常对照组升高,AC值减低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05); IgA肾病β、Ep、AC及PWVβ值较膜性肾病升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),膜性肾病β、AC、PWVβ值较局灶性肾小球硬化升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 CKD 1期患者颈总动脉弹性降低,E-Tracking技术能够定量测量颈总动脉弹性功能.  相似文献   

11.
Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.  相似文献   

12.
Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.  相似文献   

13.
This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.  相似文献   

14.
ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.  相似文献   

15.
16.
The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.  相似文献   

17.
18.
目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高<20%视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P<0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P<0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P<0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.  相似文献   

19.
Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.  相似文献   

20.
Ranganath C  Heller AS  Wilding EL 《NeuroImage》2007,35(4):1663-1673
Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.  相似文献   

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