磁共振体素内不相干运动成像在宫颈癌中的初步应用

目的初步评价1.5 T MR体素内不相干运动成像参数在宫颈癌中的应用价值。方法搜集经术后或活检病理证实的24例宫颈癌患者,另招募30名健康女性作为对照组,均行IVIM成像(b=0~1000 s/mm~2),并分析参数(f、D~*、D、ADC)。两组间分别进行独立样本t检验,采用受试者工作特征曲线下面积评估上述参数值鉴别宫颈癌的能力。结果宫颈癌组的参数f、D~*、D、ADC平均值分别为(25.83±6.12)%,(16.83±4.02)×10~(-3) mm~2/s,(0.95±0.15)×10~(-3) mm~2/s,(1.05±0.17)×10~(-3)mm~2/s。正常健康女性宫颈纤维间质的上述参数平均值分别为(40.87±9.84)%,(17.64±4.80)×10~(-3) mm~2/s,(1.00±0.28)×10~(-3)mm~2/s,(1.56±0.45)×10~(-3)mm~2/s;外侧肌层分别为(36.00±5.99)%,(17.69±4.37)×10~(-3) mm~2/s,(1.24±0.20)×10~(-3)mm~2/s,(1.83±0.54)×10~(-3)mm~2/s。除D~*值外,f、D、ADC值在纤维间质和外侧肌层间差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。除D~*、D值外,f、ADC值鉴别宫颈癌和纤维间质差异有统计学意义(P0.01),其ROC曲线下面积分别为:0.923、0.912;除D~*值外,f、D、ADC值鉴别宫颈癌和外侧肌层差异均有统计学意义(P0.01),其ROC曲线下面积分别为:0.881、0.887、0.974。结论1.5 T MR体素内不相干运动成像参数在宫颈癌诊断中具有应用价值,并能有效区分正常宫颈纤维间质和外侧肌层。     

体素内不相干运动成像应用于乳腺癌研究进展

体素内不相干运动（IVIM）成像利用双指数模型多b值DWI评价水分子扩散、微循环灌注,已应用于鉴别诊断乳腺良恶性病变及监测新辅助化疗效果,且IVIM参数可能与乳腺癌分子亚型及预后因子等相关。本文对IVIM应用于乳腺癌的研究进展进行综述。     

体素内不相干运动磁共振成像评估鼻咽癌同步放化疗疗效

目的探讨体素内不相干运动磁共振成像(intravoxel incoherent motion magnetic resonance imaging,IVIM-MRI)评估鼻咽癌放化疗疗效的价值。材料与方法 27例经活检证实为鼻咽癌的患者,于治疗前、放疗开始后1个月及结束后1个月行MRI扫描,扫描序列包括T1WI、T2WI、IVIM(9个b值,范围0~800 s/mm~2)及T1WI增强。放疗过程中接受3个周期的同步化疗。使用单指数模型获得表观扩散系数(apparent diffusion coefficient,ADC)值,双指数模型测得体素内的纯扩散系数(true molecular diffusion coefficient,D)、灌注分数(perfusion fraction,f)、伪扩散系数(pseudodiffusion coefficient,D*)。测量各扫描时间点肿瘤最大面积及IVIM参数,并分析其动态变化及相关性。结果排除图像伪影病例,最终23例患者被纳入。鼻咽癌病灶ADC及D值在整个治疗过程中逐步升高,治疗前与结束后1个月ADC均值为0.80×10~(-3) mm~2/s和1.57×10~(-3) mm~2/s(P_(1/3)0.001),D均值为0.68×10~(-3) mm~2/s和1.31×10~(-3) mm~2/s(P_(1/3)0.001)。f值先上升后下降,治疗前与放疗开始后1个月f值分别为11%、19%(P_(1/2)0.001)。D*值在1组与2组、1组与3组及2组与3组间差异均无统计学意义。结论 IVIM-MRI可监测鼻咽癌在放化疗过程中的动态变化。组织内微循环灌注对单指数ADC值有影响,体素内水分子的扩散被高估了。而D值的计算是选取高b值(200 s/mm~2),微循环灌注对MR信号的影响微乎其微,反映的是纯扩散信息。因而,D值更能有效监测放化疗疗效,f值可作为潜在观察指标。     

体素内不相干运动磁共振功能成像在直肠癌评估中的应用进展

近年来,我国直肠癌发病率逐年升高,术前应用影像学方法较为准确地显示直肠癌病变并提供定量分析信息,对临床合理制定个性化的治疗方案至关重要。通过体素内不相干运动（IVIM）的多参数成像技术,可从分子水平反映组织的弥散和灌注情况,理论上可定量显示直肠癌内部细胞密度、微血管密度的结构学信息及肿瘤细胞代谢的功能学过程,从而反映肿瘤不同时期的异质性及其程度。本文就IVIM技术在直肠癌方面的应用现状及未来发展趋势进行综述。     

3.0T磁共振体素内不相干运动扩散加权成像术前检查直肠癌

目的 探讨体素内不相干运动成像(IVIM)在原发性直肠癌术前检查中的价值.方法 采用3.0T MR扫描仪IVIM序列(b=0、25、50、75、100、150、200、400、600、800、1000、1200、1500、2000 s/mm²)和T2cube序列获得62例直肠癌患者术前的影像资料.测量和比较正常肠壁与肿块、不同分化程度直肠癌的ADC、D^*、D和f值;评价IVIM中不同b值的DWI图像的SNR和CNR.结果 直肠癌肿块的ADC、D、D^*和f值均明显小于正常肠壁(P均 <0.05);中、低分化直肠癌ADC值差异有统计学意义(F=31.92,P=0.01),高、中、低分化直肠癌D值差异有统计学意义(F=16.79,P=0.03);b=1000 s/mm²时的DWI图像质量最好,肿块与正常肠壁显示最佳.结论 IVIM图像可提供肿瘤ADC、D、D^*和f值的信息,可在一定程度上反映肿瘤的病理生理状态,其中D值较ADC值更能够准确地反映直肠癌组织间分化程度的差别,在b=1000 s/mm²时图像质量最佳,有利于发现直肠癌病灶和了解术前肿瘤的分化程度.     

体素内不相干运动成像的原理及前景展望

体素内不相干运动(intravoxel incoherent motion,IVIM)成像是指体素内信号衰减的同时包括真性水分子弥散和毛细血管网中随机血流微循环灌注,它可以更加全面地分析组织扩散成像数据,揭示疾病的病理生理学改变。近年来,IVIM逐渐被应用于临床研究中,在各个器官及系统的疾病诊断中发挥重要作用。     

体素内不相干运动成像在脑肿瘤中的研究进展

体素内不相干运动(intravoxel incoherent motion,IVIM)成像近年来已成为脑肿瘤常规影像的重要补充,因其可同时获得脑肿瘤扩散和灌注信息,有利于更全面了解肿瘤生理病理变化及肿瘤微环境的信息.目前,IVIM已在脑肿瘤的术前诊断、分级诊断及脑胶质瘤基因型预测和预后评估中取得了一定的成果.该文将综述...     

周围型肺癌的磁共振体素内不相干运动扩散加权成像

目的 探讨磁共振体素内不相干运动扩散加权成像(IVIM-DWI)在周围型肺癌的可行性及诊断价值。方法 收集CT发现肺部孤立性病变的患者38例,周围型肺癌30例,感染性肉芽肿8例。其中35例经病理证实,3例经临床资料证实。所有患者术前或治疗前均接受IVIM-DWI,b值为0、25、50、75、100、200、400、600、800、1000 s/mm²,分别测量所有病灶的真实扩散系数(D)、灌注相关扩散系数(D^*)及灌注分数(f)值并进行统计学分析。31例行CD34染色并计数微血管密度(MVD),并将D、D^*及f值与MVD进行相关性分析。结果 周围型肺癌的f值[(29.29±10.89)%]明显低于感染性肉芽肿[(46.10±12.92)%,P<0.01)];周围型肺癌D值、D^*值与感染性肉芽肿差异无统计学意义(P均>0.05)。周围型肺癌和感染性肉芽肿的D值、D^*值、f值与MVD计数均无明显相关性(P均>0.05)。f值的ROC曲线下面积为0.83,最佳阈值为38.00%,诊断周围型肺癌的敏感度为0.80,特异度为0.75。结论 IVIM-DWI技术可用于检查肺部孤立性病变,f值在周围型肺癌及感染性肉芽肿的鉴别诊断方面具有一定价值。     

MR体素内不相干运动扩散成像在乳腺癌中的应用进展

乳腺癌已成为全球女性患者最常见的恶性肿瘤。MR体素内不相干运动（IVIM）模型能够提高对乳腺癌的综合诊断效能,IVIM参数对鉴别乳腺良恶性病变、新辅助化疗后疗效判断及诊断非肿块样病变等有重要价值。本文对IVIM的成像理论基础及其在诊断乳腺癌中的应用进展进行综述。     

体素内不相干运动模型扩散加权成像在肿瘤疗效评估中的进展

DWI的体素内不相干运动（IVIM）模型可区分水分子的真性扩散与微循环灌注形成的假性扩散,获得纯扩散系数（D）、伪扩散系数（D^*）和灌注分数（f）,能有效检出肿瘤治疗后细胞活性及微循环灌注的变化,可早期评价肿瘤疗效、优化治疗方案及预测预后,为临床选择合适的治疗方案提供依据。本文对IVIM在肿瘤疗效评估中的应用和研究进展进行综述。     

Septic complications involving hand and wrist in patients with pre-existing rheumatoid arthritis: The role of magnetic resonance imaging and sonography

PurposeSeptic arthritis (SA), frequently involving hand and wrist, is common in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients due to immunomediated etiology of RA and immunosuppressive drug use. Clinical and laboratory features might not be useful to differentiate between RA relapse and superimposed SA. The role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been described in several studies. Our aim is to evaluate the role of ultrasonography (US).Material and methodsIn the last 4 years 31 MRI of hand and wrist has been performed in the suspect of SA complicating RA. A 1.5 T unit (Siemens Symphony, Erlangen, Germany) with standardized protocol, involving the administration of contrast medium, was used. Also US with power Doppler evaluation was performed. A Philips IU22 US scanner was used.ResultsEleven points (according to Graif's study) were analyzed for every MRI and US. At MRI joint effusion (37.5% of RA relapse vs 100% superimposed SA) and soft tissue edema (25% vs 100%) were indicative of SA. At US joint effusion (31.3% of RA relapse vs 73.3% superimposed SA) and soft tissue edema (12.5% vs 60%) were indicative of SA.ConclusionOur results suggest that joint effusion and soft tissue edema are markers suggestive for superimposed SA and that MRI is more sensitive in their evaluation. Although US is less sensitive than MRI, the former is important in guiding invasive procedure and evaluating patients that cannot undergo MRI.     

The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the early diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a common disease that affects 1% of the population. With the advent of disease-modifying therapies, it became particularly important to detect RA as early as possible. In this article, we discuss the role of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the imaging of early RA. Imaging of soft tissues manifestations, which precede the development of osseous erosions, is discussed. We also review the role of MRI in establishing correct diagnosis in cases of arthritis, which do not demonstrate classical clinical presentation. The role of MRI in the follow-up of RA is addressed.     

早期类风湿性关节炎手腕部的MRI影像观察

目的评估MRI对手腕部早期类风湿性关节炎的诊断价值.方法对30例临床诊断为早期类风湿性关节炎的患者进行手腕部X线平片和MRI检查,比较2种技术对病变的显示能力.结果 X线平片显示所有患者均未见骨侵蚀, 17例可见关节肿胀,28例可见骨质疏松,10例关节间隙轻度狭窄.MRI显示20例关节面骨侵蚀,所有30例均可见关节滑膜增厚、关节积液以及关节周围炎性渗出,23例可见血管翳形成,7例合并关节周围肌腱韧带损伤.平片和MRI对病变关节数目的检出率分别为20%及81%.结论 MRI是诊断早期类风湿性关节炎的较好方法.     

Recent progress of radiology in rheumatoid arthritis: a role of magnetic resonance imaging

Since MR imaging directly visualizes all articular components with excellent contrast resolution, it allows the joint to be viewed as a whole organ. An increasing aggressive therapeutic strategy has attracted growing attention to the potentials of MR imaging in the diagnosis, prognostication, and outcome measure of RA. The introduction of MR imaging into the diagnostic criteria for early RA contributes to more accurate diagnosis in patients suspected of having RA and thus allow an earlier decision to start proper medication. Quantification of inflammatory synovitis by MR imaging can assess treatment outcome in fewer subjects than with traditional measures. We believe MR imaging can be cost-effectively incorporated in the treatment trial.     

Arthroscopic synovectomy in rheumatoid arthritis of wrist

The wrist is the most commonly involved region of the upper extremity in rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Because the wrist joint becomes involved early during the disease course and its involvement rapidly progresses, and because the disabilities associated with progressive RA are significant, early and adequate treatment must be introduced to prevent disease progression. Various treatment methods can be employed to treat RA wrists based on radiological and clinical findings. Arthroscopic synovectomy is recommended for pain relief and functional recovery in early stage RA, and is also helpful in advanced staged RA with Larsen stage III. However, arthroscopic synovectomy is not recommended as an effective method of treatment for all patients with advanced radiographic changes. Nevertheless, arthroscopic synovectomy may delay the need for complex surgery, such as wrist arthrodesis or total wrist arthroplasty in selective cases. Although arthroscopic synovectomy of the wrist cannot improve grip strength or range of motion, it can reduce wrist pain and improve function, and thus facilitate return to work.     

类风湿性关节炎磁共振成像诊断国内外研究的对比分析

背景:类风湿性关节炎的诊断主要依赖于临床表现、实验室检查和影像学检查,磁共振成像技术由于具有良好的组织分辨率,在类风湿性关节炎的早期诊断上敏感性较高。目的:对类风湿性关节炎磁共振成像诊断研究的国内外文献资料进行对比分析,了解这一领域的研究趋势。方法:以电子检索方式对CNKI数据库和SCI数据库2002-01/2011-12收录有关类风湿性关节炎磁共振成像诊断研究的文献进行分析,中文检索词为"类风湿性关节炎;影像;磁共振成像",英文检索词为"MRI;rheumatoid arthritis;RA",运用数据库的分析功能和Excel软件图表的功能分析数据特征。结果与结论:CNKI数据库共收录文献60篇,SCI数据库收录文献数量明显高于CNKI数据库为300篇,两个数据库文献数量均呈现总体上升趋势。CNKI数据库发表类风湿性关节炎磁共振成像诊断研究文献量较多的期刊为《磁共振成像》、《中国医学影像技术》和《中国医学计算机成像杂志》,SCI数据库发表文献最多的期刊为Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases《风湿性疾病年报》,且影响因子最高为8.727。CNKI数据库收录文献最多的机构是北京大学人民医院为5篇,SCI数据库中利兹大学文献数量最多为37篇,其次为奥克兰大学和哥本哈根大学医院。从文献的下载频次来看,Arthritis and Rheumatism《关节炎和风湿病》杂志的被引排名较靠前,为类风湿性关节炎磁共振成像诊断研究的经典期刊。从文献的国家分布来分析,英格兰和美国在SCI数据库中发表文献数量最多,中国在SCI数据库发表文献数量较少。     

fMRI评价正常老年人腕关节被动运动下脑激活区

目的 用功能磁共振技术观察正常老年人双侧腕关节被动运动时脑区激活情况.方法 对30例正常的右利手老年受试者分别进行双侧腕关节被动运动的功能MR扫描,采用SPM2软件进行数据分析和脑功能区定位.结果 利手(右手)运动主要激活对侧感觉运动皮质、运动前区,双侧辅助运动区、后顶叶及同侧小脑;非利手运动时除激活上述脑区外,还激活了同侧运动感觉区和对侧小脑,且对侧运动前区、双侧辅助运动区和同侧小脑的激活体积明显大于利手腕关节运动.结论 被动运动依赖于大脑皮质和小脑等许多与运动相关的脑功能区的参与;与利手腕关节运动相比,非利手腕关节运动更依赖于对侧PMC、双侧SMA和同侧小脑等运动区.     

Assessment of aortic stiffness among patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis by magnetic resonance imaging

To evaluate aortic stiffness by MRI in female patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in comparison to controls. We measured aortic strain, distensibility and pulse wave velocity (PWV) by MRI in 30 SLE patients, 31 RA patients and 53 matched controls. Mean PWV in SLE and RA patients were higher in comparison to controls (9.2 ± 4.4 vs. 7.6 ± 3.0 m/s, p = 0.04) and (6.2 ± 2.3 vs. 5.4 ± 1.7, p = 0.04) respectively. Aortic distensibility among RA patients was significantly lower in comparison to controls (4.4 ± 4.6 vs. 5.8 ± 4.9 kPa^?1 × 10^?3, p = 0.04). A significant correlation was found between PWV and age (r = 0.67, p < 0.001), Framingham risk score (r = 0.61, p < 0.001), waist to hip ratio (r = 0.45, p < 0.001), systolic blood pressure (r = 0.37, p = 0.01), diabetes (r = 0.32, p = 0.001) and dyslipidemia (r = 0.32, p = 0.001). In multivariate analysis for the prediction of PWV, variables which were found significant included: RA (p = 0.01), age (p < 0.001) and hypertension (p = 0.01) for patients with RA and SLE (p = 0.02), waist to hip ratio (p < 0.001) and total cholesterol (p < 0.001) for patients with SLE. Arterial stiffness, characterized by metrics of aortic distensibility and pulse wave velocity derived from MRI, is increased in SLE and RA female patients.