慢性乙肝患者心理状况调查分析及干预对策

目的：探讨颈椎骨折患者行前路手术围术期的护理方法。方法：对39例颈椎骨折行前路手术患者做好术前心理护理、气管推移训练、体位适应训练、呼吸功能训练，术后体位护理、呼吸道护理、引流管护理、病情观察、康复训练指导。结果：本组随访6个月-2年，Franrel A级1例，术后肢体功能无明显改善，B级2例恢复至C级，均未发生严重并发症。结论：对颈椎骨折行前路手术患者，加强围术期护理，可有效预防并发症发生，促进术后康复。     

颈椎前路减压及融合术病人的护理

报道８９例颈椎病和颈椎骨折脱位行颈椎前路手术病人围手术期的护理,围手术期的护理体会是：气管推移和手术体位适应性训练是手术顺利进行的基础;正确的体位、头颈部制动是术后颈椎稳定的关键;心理护理、功能锻练应贯穿于整个护理过程的始终;密切的术后观察和饮食护理能够有效防止或减少并发症的发生。     

前路手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位34例围手术期的护理

目的探讨下颈椎骨折脱位合并脊髓损伤前路手术治疗围手术期护理方法。方法分析34例下颈椎骨折脱位合并脊髓损伤患者前路手术治疗资料,术前进行心理护理等,术后实施体位护理等。结果 1例患者因合并肺部感染于术后5周死亡,33例患者均获稳定骨性融合,评价ASIA评分提高1~2级。结论精心的围手术期护理能减少术后并发症,提高手术效果。     

颈椎骨折脱位伴脊髓损伤围手术期呼吸道管理

目的：探讨颈椎骨折脱位合并脊髓损伤的患者的围手术期呼吸道管理,旨在减少呼吸系统并发症。方法对60例颈椎骨折脱位合并脊髓损伤的患者加强术前心理护理和体位护理,协助其进行气管及食管推移训练,并指导呼吸功能训练。术后注重病房环境的管理及患者呼吸功能监测,采取雾化排痰方法保持患者呼吸道通畅。结果该60例患者均接受手术治疗,术后恢复良好,无明显呼吸道并发症。结论加强对围手术期的呼吸道管理是预防和减少呼吸系统并发症的重要措施。     

前路减压植骨钢板内固定术治疗颈椎骨折的围手术期康复护理

目的:探讨颈椎骨折患者行前路减压植骨钢板内固定手术的围手术期护理,为更好地完成医疗干预中的护理配合,创造颈椎外伤患者术后良好的康复条件提供依据.方法:总结我院2008年1月至2009年1月采用前路减压植骨钢板内固定术治疗29例患者的护理工作,归纳围手术期护理经验.结果:29例患者均未发生内置物并发症,植骨处获得牢固骨性融合.除6例截瘫患者无恢复,23例患者症状均明显缓解,脊髓功能改善,未出现护理并发症.结论:加强术前、术后的健康宣教,认真观察病情,积极采取针对性的护理措施,积极帮助患者掌握功能锻炼的时机和方法,是保证患者顺利度过围手术期,保证手术成功的关键.     

颈椎骨折13例围术期护理

为探讨颈椎骨折手术患者围术期护理方法,对13例颈椎骨折患者做好术前、术后各项护理措施.结果本组13例截瘫平面均下移,肢体感觉、运动功能均有不同程度恢复,未发生并发症.表明高质量的围术期护理是提高颈椎骨折手术成功率、减少并发症的重要保证.     

颈椎骨折脱位伴单侧关节突绞索的围手术期护理

目的 探讨颈椎骨折脱位伴单侧关节突绞索患者的临床护理方法,提高临床护理水平。方法 回顾性分析我科2012年1月～2013年10月收治的38例颈椎骨折脱位伴单侧关节突绞索患者,总结其术前完善各项辅助检查,做好病情观察、呼吸功能训练、气管推移训练、手语训练、颅骨牵引、心理护理的方法。术后做好基础护理、呼吸道管理及并发症的观察,早期进行功能康复锻炼。本组38例患者入院后均予颅骨牵引,其中7例患者经牵引成功复位改为保守治疗,另18例牵引后行颈前路减压植骨融合内固定术,2例行颈后路切开复位内固定术,1例行前后路联合手术治疗。结果 患者顺利度过围手术期,无严重并发症,术后神经功能均有明显改善。结论 对颈椎骨折脱位伴单侧关节突绞索的患者术前进行颅骨牵引,择期手术联合治疗及护理十分重要,可以促进患者康复并减少手术并发症。     

颈椎前路手术的围手术期护理

总结了42例颈椎病和颈椎骨折患者行颈椎前路减压植骨钛钢板内固定术的围手术期护理。包括术前避免颈椎骨折脱位加重脊髓损伤，做好牵引的护理，加强气管、食管推移训练，呼吸功能训练以及卧位进食训练；术后严密监测生命体征，做好体位护理、伤口引流管的管理及呼吸道护理，进行并发症的观察和护理，并做好康复训练和出院指导。认为做好围手术期护理是促进患者早日康复的关键。     

脊髓型颈椎病33例围术期护理

目的:探讨手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病的围术期护理方法.方法:对33例脊髓型颈椎病患者术前进行心理护理及体位、气管食管推移、排痰训练;术后做好体位、切口、饮食护理,保持呼吸道通畅,预防并发症,并进行功能锻炼及出院指导.结果:治愈31例,好转2例,术后未发生严重并发症.结论:手术治疗脊髓型颈椎病患者并在围术期进行精心护理可降低并发症发生率,促进患者康复.     

下颈椎骨折伴截瘫患者围手术期护理

目的总结下颈椎骨折伴截瘫患者围手术期护理经验。方法回顾性分析18例围手术期护理下颈椎骨折伴截瘫患者情况。结果 18例患者经围手术期精心护理,减少了术后并发症的发生。结论围手术期精心护理能使患者主动配合手术并减少术后并发症的发生。     

Subaxial cervical spine trauma

Subaxial cervical spine trauma is common and an often missed diagnosis. Accurate and efficient diagnosis and management is necessary to avoid devastating complications such as spinal cord injury. Several classification schemes have been devised to help categorize fractures of the subaxial spine and define treatment algorithms. The Subaxial Cervical Spine Injury Classification System (SLIC) is widely used and evaluates not only fracture morphology but also considers ligamentous injury and neurological status in surgical decision making. However, interobserver reliability is poor, which proves to be the defining pitfall of this tool. More modern classification systems have been developed, which aim to improve the interobserver reliability; however, further large-scale studies are needed for more definitive evaluation. Overall, treatment of subaxial cervical spine injuries should include a protocol with initial trauma evaluation, leading to expedient operative intervention if indicated. Surgical techniques include both anterior and posterior approaches to the cervical spine depending on fracture classification.     

Transient cervical neurapraxia associated with cervical spine stenosis

A 43 year old woman presented with a history of a hyperextension cervical injury resulting in transient quadriplegia. Cervical spine radiography revealed developmental spinal stenosis and magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated underlying spinal cord oedema secondary to contusion, with a herniated disc at C3-C4. The Torg ratio may be used to aid the initial diagnosis of cervical spine stenosis. Indications for operative treatment of these patients are controversial and these patients should receive further expert assessment.     

Imaging of cervical spine trauma

The cervical spine, supporting such critical structures as the medulla, spinal cord, and cervical nerve roots, can be very challenging to image propertly because of its complex structural anatomy and superimposition of bony and soft tissue parts. In this article, the use and value of the various modalities that image the cervical spine are discussed. Plain radiography remains the best screening tool in the initial evaluation of the cervical spine after trauma. Additional views, such as swimmer's, pillar and lateral flexion, and extension, often are helpful in certain circumstances.     

Manipulation of the cervical spine

In New Zealand, a new approach to manual therapy of the cervical spine has integrated physiotherapy and osteopathy techniques. The combination of the philosophies of these two professions has added a new dimension to the management of cervical spine pain. Emphasis is placed on issues of safety, such as the degree of cervical rotation and comfort for both the patient and the therapist. This is combined with biomechanical considerations, which have made the teaching and learning of these manipulative techniques less complicated and easily progressed from palpation to mobilization and onto manipulation. Appropriate patient screening and selection identified through thorough subjective and objective assessments are important aspects of this approach and reflective interpretation of all clinical findings is essential. The refinement of cervical joint positioning and an increased anatomical awareness have led to the utilization of new upper cervical high-velocity thrust techniques. Consequently, it is envisaged that an increase in the safety and specificity of cervical manipulative techniques is achieved.     

颈椎曲率指数与颈椎夹角的关系

背景如何正确评价颈椎曲率是脊柱外科医生所关注的重点.近年来,国外学者采用Ishihara法颈椎曲率指数(cervical curvature index,CCI)和颈椎(C2～7)夹角较多.目的通过应用Ishihara指数法与C2-7夹角法测量颈椎曲率,研究两种方法之间是否存在相关.设计以患者为研究对象,观察对比研究.单位北京协和医院骨科.对象2002-07/2003-07北京协和医院骨科收治的颈椎病患者63例,男34例,女29例.方法对63名颈椎病患者的侧位X射线片进行观察测量.主要观察指标主要结局①患者CCI和颈椎夹角.②CCI与颈椎夹角及年龄的关系.次要结局①CCI与颈椎夹角回归方程.②不同性别CCI及颈椎夹角的比较.结果CCI(Ishihara法)平均为10.1(SD,11.6),颈椎(C2～7)夹角平均为17.5°(SD,13.5),两种方法明显相关(P＜0.01).两种指标与患者的年龄、性别无关.结论CCI(Ishihara法)与颈椎(C2～7)夹角呈显著相关.