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1.
Gut microbiota and its possible relationship with obesity   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Obesity results from alterations in the body's regulation of energy intake, expenditure, and storage. Recent evidence, primarily from investigations in animal models, suggests that the gut microbiota affects nutrient acquisition and energy regulation. Its composition has also been shown to differ in lean vs obese animals and humans. In this article, we review the published evidence supporting the potential role of the gut microbiota in the development of obesity and explore the role that modifying the gut microbiota may play in its future treatment. Evidence suggests that the metabolic activities of the gut microbiota facilitate the extraction of calories from ingested dietary substances and help to store these calories in host adipose tissue for later use. Furthermore, the gut bacterial flora of obese mice and humans include fewer Bacteroidetes and correspondingly more Firmicutes than that of their lean counterparts, suggesting that differences in caloric extraction of ingested food substances may be due to the composition of the gut microbiota. Bacterial lipopolysaccharide derived from the intestinal microbiota may act as a triggering factor linking inflammation to high-fat diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Interactions among microorganisms in the gut appear to have an important role in host energy homeostasis, with hydrogen-oxidizing methanogens enhancing the metabolism of fermentative bacteria. Existing evidence warrants further investigation of the microbial ecology of the human gut and points to modification of the gut microbiota as one means to treat people who are over-weight or obese.  相似文献   

2.

Purpose

The intestinal microbiota has emerged as a virtual organ with essential functions in human physiology. Antibiotic-induced disruption of the microbiota in critically ill patients may have a negative influence on key energy resources and immunity. We set out to characterize the fecal microbiota composition in critically ill patients both with and without sepsis and to explore the use of microbiota-derived markers for clinical outcome measurements in this setting.

Methods

In this prospective observational cohort study we analyzed the fecal microbiota of 34 patients admitted to the intensive care unit. Fifteen healthy subjects served as controls. The fecal microbiota was phylogenetically characterized by 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and associations with clinical outcome parameters were evaluated.

Results

A marked shift in fecal bacterial composition was seen in all septic and non-septic critically ill patients compared with controls, with extreme interindividual differences. In 13 of the 34 patients, a single bacterial genus made up >50% of the gut microbiota; in 4 patients this was even >75%. A significant decrease in bacterial diversity was observed in half of the patients. No associations were found between microbiota diversity, Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, or Gram-positive/Gram-negative ratio and outcome measurements such as complications and survival.

Conclusions

We observed highly heterogeneous patterns of intestinal microbiota in both septic and non-septic critically ill patients. Nevertheless, some general patterns were observed, including disappearance of bacterial genera with important functions in host metabolism. More detailed knowledge of the short- and long-term health consequences of these major shifts in intestinal bacterial communities is needed.
  相似文献   

3.
The fact that fat issue is an endocrine gland secreting several hormones participating in the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) is universally recognized. Fat issue secretes leptin, tumor necrosis factor alpha, resistin, adiponectin, interleukin-6, free fatty acids, visfatin, omentin, perilipin, and other substances that influence the condition of insulinoresistance, one of the main factors responsible for DM2. Subcutaneous fat and visceral depot fat tissue differ in the spectrum of hormones they produce; the list of these hormones is presented in the article. The presence of abdominal or visceral obesity is combined with significant insulinoresistance, which, in its turn, increases the risk of vascular complications of diabetes. The article also cover the participation of other mechanisms - insulin secretion defect, oxidation stress, low secretion of glucagon-like peptide 1, apoptosis, an increased quantity of amyloid and the fl-cell pull in the pancreatic island--in DM2 pathogenesis. The authors present data on the secretion of leptin, resistin, adiponectin, and tumor necrosis factor a, as well as the condition of the functional activity of beta-cells and the degree of insulinoresistance in 30 DM2 patients receiving dietotherapy.  相似文献   

4.
目的: 研究双歧杆菌是否通过改变肠道菌群,减少肠道局部炎症,调节系统性炎症,从而减轻高脂饮食诱导的C57BL/6小鼠的非酒精性脂肪肝的发生发展。方法:采用雄性 C57BL/6 小鼠作为动物模型,分别给予对照饲料及高脂饲料喂养,同时予双歧杆菌干预。通过ELISA检测小鼠血清脂代谢及肝功能、TNF-α及LBP水平。通过油红O染色剂HE染色评估小鼠肝脏脂肪变性情况。通过real time PCR检测小鼠回肠、结肠、肝脏组织中炎症因子TNF-a、IL-6的表达。通过Illuminate Miseq平台微生物多样性测序检测小鼠粪便中肠道菌群的结构变化。应用SPSS19.0软件进行统计分析,多组间样本均数比较采用ANOVA进行检验,组间两两比较,p<0.05为差异具有统计学意义。结果:双歧杆菌干预组C57BL/6小鼠肝脏脂肪变程度明显低于高脂饲料喂养组。与高脂肪饲料喂养组相比,双歧杆菌干预组炎症因子TNF-a、IL-6表达明显下降,肠道炎症减轻。与对照组小鼠相比,高脂饲料诱导的NAFLD小鼠肠道菌群物种丰度和多样性减少,存在肠道菌群改变,PcoA分析(主成分分析)及NMDS(非度量尺度分析)结果显示疾病模型组与阴性对照组肠道菌群构成分隔较远,构成上存在显著差异。菌属差异分析表现为高脂组拟杆菌门增多,厚壁菌门减少,拟杆菌属增多。  相似文献   

5.
Adipokines, soluble mediators produced by adipocytes, have been shown to play a role in various physiological and pathological conditions. We investigated the involvement of adipokines in granulocyte colony‐stimulating factor (G‐CSF)‐induced mobilization of hematopoietic stem cells in 21 healthy donors. We found that serum visfatin and resistin levels, but not leptin and adiponectin levels, were significantly elevated by G‐CSF treatment. G‐CSF treatment activated signaling proteins like extracellular signal‐regulated kinase and stimulated secretion of visfatin from 3T3‐L1 adipocytes. These findings suggest that some adipokines may play a role in G‐CSF‐induced mobilization of stem cells from the bone marrow into systemic circulation. J. Clin. Apheresis 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.  相似文献   

6.
The prevalence of obesity has greatly increased over the past 30 years in men of reproductive age, concomitantly with an increase in infertility currently affecting one in six couples in France. In this context, several studies have been carried out on the potential implication of adipokines, adipose tissue secretion products, on reproductive functions. Although many studies have focused on female fertility, few have looked at the male side. We review here the human studies published on the relationships between adipokines of the seminal plasma and male fertility. Thus, if seminal adiponectin appears to have a positive effect on sperm parameters, other adipokines such as resistin or chemerin would have a rather deleterious effect on spermatogenesis. A dual role of leptin appears to be evolving with a physiological effect at lower concentrations and a deleterious effect at higher seminal concentrations.  相似文献   

7.
BACKGROUND: Due to their molecular weight, it is possible that the adipokines adiponectin, resistin and leptin accumulate when glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is decreased. In reduced renal clearance, altered serum concentrations of these proteins might affect cardiovascular risk. The objective of the study was to investigate the relationship between adipokine concentrations and GFR. METHODS: The association between GFR, as determined by the abbreviated MDRD equation, and the concentrations of the adipokines adiponectin, resistin and leptin was assessed in a cohort of coronary patients (n=538; 363 male, 165 female). After calculation of correlations between GFR and adipokine concentrations, the association was further assessed by analysis of covariance following adjustment for age, gender, BMI, presence of type 2 diabetes, presence of hypertension, history of smoking as well as for serum lipid concentrations. RESULTS: Mean GFR in our study population was 68.74+/-15.27 ml/min/1.73 m(2). 74.3% of the patients had a GFR >60 ml/min/1.73 m(2), 24% of the patients had a GFR between 30 and 60 ml/min/1.73 m(2), and 1.7% of the patients had a GFR <30 ml/min/1.73 m(2). There were significant inverse correlations between adiponectin (r=-0.372; p<0.001), resistin (r=-0.227; p<0.001) and leptin (r=-0.151; p=0.009) concentrations and GFR. After multivariate adjustment, the associations remained significant for adiponectin and resistin. Subgroup analysis in patients with GFR >60 ml/min/1.73 m(2) showed a significant correlation between GFR and adiponectin as well as leptin concentrations. However, after adjustment, these associations no longer were significant. CONCLUSIONS: There is an independent association between GFR and the serum concentrations of adiponectin and resistin. However, this association is not present at GFR >60 ml/min/1.73 m(2). This finding suggests that adipokine concentrations in mildly impaired and normal renal function are influenced by factors other than GFR.  相似文献   

8.
Objective: In the microbiota of both obese animals and humans there is an increased ratio of the gram positive Firmicutes to the gram negative Bacteroidetes (the obesity pattern). To assess if altering this ratio in animals and humans would prevent obesity or reduce body weight in the obese subject this review was preformed.

Methods: A survey of all the available English language literature utilizing Medline on this topic was obtained and critically reviewed. The key words that were utilized were gut microbiota, diet and obesity.

Results: In both humans and animals changes in diet, particularly the utilization of the high fat, high calorie Western diet, utilization of artificial sweeteners and disruption of the diurnal rhythm will quickly change the microbiota from a thin to an obese pattern. In animals, the transfer of an obese microbiota to germ free animals and thin animals results in obesity and the introduction of a lean microbiota will result in weight loss in obese animals. However, in humans similar changes in the gut microbiota induced with probiotics and prebiotics have not been shown to result in weight loss. In both animals and humans the most dramatic changes in the gut microbiota occur following weight loss resulting from a gastric bypass where there is a restoration to a normal Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio. These changes could either be due to the dramatic change in the composition of the diet which occurs following this surgery or due to down-regulation of the Farnesoid X Receptor which causes a decrease in bile acid production and an elevation of the gut pH which in turn allows the regrowth of bacteria associated with weight loss which were previously unable to grow in the acidic intestinal environment caused by excess production of bile acids.

Conclusion: In both humans and animals there are characteristic changes in the gut microbiota associated with obesity. In animals but not in humans altering the microbiota can result in weight loss and weight gain which does not occur in humans. This suggests that in humans the changes in gut microbiota are an association with rather than the cause of obesity.  相似文献   

9.
ObjectivesThe aims of this study were to determine interrelationships between serum leptin, adiponectin and resistin, insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) and phospholipids concentrations in infants.Design and methodsA cross-sectional study was conducted to assess serum levels of leptin, adiponectin, resistin, IGF-1, TAC, NEFA and phospholipids in 45 breast-fed infants enrolled at 4–30 days after birth.ResultsSerum leptin and adiponectin concentrations were positively correlated. Serum resistin concentrations were inversely correlated to serum leptin and adiponectin concentrations. Serum TAC was positively correlated to serum leptin and adiponectin, and inversely to serum resistin concentrations. Serum adiponectin concentrations were positively related to serum NEFA and phospholipid concentrations. Serum resistin concentrations were inversely related to serum NEFA, and phospholipid concentrations.ConclusionThese data show that circulatory levels of leptin, adiponectin and resistin are interrelated and they apparently interact with the anti-oxidant system of infants.  相似文献   

10.
Hundreds of species compose the human gut microbiota, which reaches its highest density in the large bowel (1011 bacteria per gram). If this species profile is specific to a given individual, three phyla (Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Actinobacteria) invariably dominate the adult human gut microbiota. This microbiota is globally stable in time and return to its initial status following a perturbation. It also exerts various functions, in particular metabolic functions, which are essential for maintaining host??s health. This microbial community is indeed able to convert a large variety of substrates (including sugars, proteins, and lipids) leading to the production of a diversity of metabolites. Most of these metabolites could beneficially affect host??s health. In addition, comparisons between germfree and conventional animals revealed the influence of the gut microbiota on the development and maturation of the immune system, the intestinal physiology, or the regulation of fat storage.  相似文献   

11.

OBJECTIVE

To investigate ethnic differences in adiponectin and leptin concentration and to determine whether these adipokines and a high–glycemic index diet account for ethnic variation in insulin resistance.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS

In 1,176 South Asian, Chinese, Aboriginal, and European Canadians, fasting blood samples were drawn, and clinical history and dietary habits including glycemic index/glycemic load were recorded using standardized questionnaires. Insulin resistance was defined using homeostasis model assessment–insulin resistance (HOMA-IR).

RESULTS

Adiponectin concentrations were significantly higher in Europeans (adjusted mean 12.94 [95% CI 2.27–13.64]) and Aboriginal people (11.87 [11.19–12.59]) than in South Asians (9.35 [8.82–9.92]) and Chinese (8.52 [8.03–9.03]) (overall P < 0.001). Serum leptin was significantly higher in South Asians (11.82 [10.72–13.04]) and Aboriginal people (11.13 [10.13–12.23]) than in Europeans (9.21 [8.38–10.12]) and Chinese (8.25 [7.48–9.10]). BMI and waist circumference were inversely associated with adiponectin in every group except the South Asians (P < 0.001 for interaction). Adiponectin was inversely and leptin was positively associated with HOMA-IR (P < 0.001). The increase in HOMA-IR for each given decrease in adiponectin was larger among South Asians (P = 0.01) and Aboriginal people (P < 0.001) than among Europeans. A high glycemic index was associated with a larger decrease in adiponectin among South Asians (P = 0.03) and Aboriginal people (P < 0.001) and a larger increase in HOMA-IR among South Asians (P < 0.05) relative to that in other groups.

CONCLUSIONS

South Asians have the least favorable adipokine profile and, like the Aboriginal people, display a greater increase in insulin resistance with decreasing levels of adiponectin. Differences in adipokines and responses to glycemic foods parallel the ethnic differences in insulin resistance.Epidemiologic studies have consistently shown that compared with nonwhite ethnic populations, people of European origin have a relatively low prevalence of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes despite having comparable or greater body weight (1,2). Although there is controversy regarding the definition and use of the term “metabolic syndrome,” which is often applied to the clustering of risk factors such as abdominal obesity, elevated glucose, abnormal lipids, and elevated blood pressure, insights into the pathophysiology of adipose tissue and the presence of these insulin resistance–related factors may be gained from studies of high- and low-risk populations.Insulin resistance is closely associated with abdominal adiposity, a surrogate measure of visceral adiposity (3). Adipocytes secrete a variety of bioactive substances known as adipokines, including two proteins, adiponectin and leptin. Adiponectin, a plasma protein secreted from visceral adipose tissue, increases insulin sensitivity and tissue fat oxidation, resulting in reduced circulating fatty acid levels (4). Leptin, a protein that circulates in proportion with body fat mass, provides information about nutritional status and subcutaneous fat mass to neural centers that regulate feeding behavior, appetite, and energy expenditure (5). It is therefore plausible that differences in adiponectin and leptin levels correlate with ethnic variations in insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome–related factors.Dietary factors may also potentially influence adipokine levels and insulin sensitivity. There is a growing body of literature showing that higher consumption of foods with high glycemic index/glycemic load values is associated with lower adiponectin levels in both healthy and diabetic individuals (6) and higher leptin levels (7). Glycemic foods are known to induce both hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia (8,9). Conversely, high intake of fiber may attenuate the glycemic effect of a full meal, and cereal fiber intake is positively associated with adiponectin (6). Previous studies have shown that ethnic populations at higher risk for metabolic syndrome–related conditions largely consume a diet consisting of foods with a high glycemic index (10). It is not known whether a higher consumption of glycemic foods influences adipokine levels and insulin resistance in these populations.Using a multiethnic population–based sample in which adiposity, adipokines, and insulin resistance–related factors were measured in a standardized manner, we investigated 1) ethnic variation in levels of adipokines, 2) whether higher intake of glycemic foods differentially affects adipokine levels across ethnic populations, and 3) whether levels of adipokines and high glycemic index/glycemic load account for ethnic variation in insulin resistance.  相似文献   

12.
Background Visceral adipose tissues secret a variety of adipokines; however, it is not known whether they are present in the peritoneal fluid. It was the aim of this study to investigate peritoneal fluid concentrations of novel (cartonectin, omentin) and classical adipokines (leptin, adiponectin, resistin, visfatin) in patients with ascites. Material and methods Ninety‐six patients (71 men and 25 women) undergoing paracentesis were included. Of these, 76 suffered from liver cirrhosis. Adipokines were measured by enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay or Western blot. Results Each adipokine was detected in ascites with a broad range. Serum–ascites ratios (SAR) correlated with clinical and laboratory parameters. The main variables influencing peritoneal fluid adipokine concentrations were body mass index (BMI), local inflammation, systemic inflammation and serum adipokine concentrations. Resistin was significantly higher in patients with peritonitis and showed a positive correlation with peripheral leucocytes (white blood cell count). Leptin was correlated with the underlying disease. Visfatin correlated with peripheral white blood cell and C‐reactive protein levels. Omentin expression was correlated with ascitic leucocyte count, ascitic albumin concentration and low albumin SAR. BMI was correlated positively with ascitic leptin levels and cartonectin protein levels. Conclusions Peritoneal fluid adipokine concentrations are characterized by individual SARs, depend on the presence of peritonitis, and correlate with underlying disease, BMI and systemic inflammation. The data open a new field of research on the role of the peritoneum and visceral adipokines in gastrointestinal diseases.  相似文献   

13.
目的了解乳腺癌患者血清中抵抗素、脂联素、瘦素及血脂变化及临床意义。方法测定90例乳腺癌患者(48例未绝经,42例已绝经)及50名健康对照者血清抵抗素、脂联素、瘦素、空腹血糖(FBG)及血脂。结果乳腺癌患者脂联素及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)显著低于对照组(P〈0.01或P〈0.05),抵抗素、瘦素、FBG及三酰甘油(TG)均明显增加(P〈0.01或P〈0.05)。但抵抗素、脂联素及瘦素在未绝经乳腺癌患者与健康对照组之间差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。有淋巴结转移的乳腺癌患者抵抗素、脂联素及瘦素水平与无淋巴结转移乳腺癌患者间差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01)。逐步回归分析,脂联素及HDL-C的降低,瘦素和抵抗素的升高将会增加罹患乳腺癌的风险。血清脂联素降低和瘦素的增加与乳腺癌患者淋巴结的转移呈现相关性。结论血清脂联素水平的降低和抵抗素及瘦素水平的升高是患乳腺癌的危险因素。血清中较低的脂联素和较高的瘦素水平是乳腺癌转移的危险因素。  相似文献   

14.

Purpose

The aim of the present study was to describe the variation in adiponectin and resistin levels, 2 adipokines with opposing effects on metabolism, in mechanically ventilated patients with sepsis and their relationships to disease severity and cytokine levels.

Materials and Methods

An observational prospective study was conducted in a secondary/tertiary unit. Forty-one mechanically ventilated patients diagnosed as having sepsis were included in the study. The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II and Sequential Organ Failure Assessment scores were estimated. Adiponectin, resistin, and cytokines were measured upon sepsis diagnosis and every 3 to 4 days thereafter until day 30. Adiponectin and resistin were also measured in 40 controls.

Results

The patients had higher adiponectin (10.9 ± 6.1 μg/mL vs 6.0 ± 2.9 μg/mL, P < .001) and resistin (24.7 ng/mL vs 3.8 ng/mL, P < .001) levels compared with the controls. Adiponectin increased and resistin decreased significantly over time in the entire cohort. Resistin correlated with Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-10 and was significantly higher in severe sepsis/septic shock compared with sepsis. No correlations between adiponectin and clinical scores were noted.

Conclusions

Adiponectin and resistin change reciprocally during the course of sepsis. Resistin relates to the severity of sepsis and the degree of inflammatory response. Adiponectin and resistin may play a critical role in the metabolic adaptations observed in sepsis.  相似文献   

15.
IntroductionDysbiosis of intestinal microbiota likely plays an important role in the development of gut-derived infections, making it a potential therapeutic target against sepsis. However, experience with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in the treatment of sepsis and knowledge of the underlying mechanisms are extremely lacking. In this article, we describe a case of a patient who developed sepsis after a vagotomy and later received an infusion of donor feces microbiota, and we report our findings.MethodsA 44-year-old woman developed septic shock and severe watery diarrhea 4 days after undergoing a vagotomy. Antibiotics, probiotics and supportive treatment strategies were used for about 30 day after surgery, but the patient’s fever, bacteremia and watery diarrhea persisted. Considering the possibility of intestinal dysbiosis, we evaluated the structure and composition of the patient’s fecal microbiota using 16S rDNA-based molecular techniques. As expected, the gut microbiota was extensively disrupted; therefore, a donor fecal suspension was delivered into the patient by nasoduodenal tube. The patient’s clinical outcomes and shifts of the gut microbiota following the treatment were also determined.ResultsDramatically, the patient’s septic symptoms and severe diarrhea were successfully controlled following FMT. Her stool output markedly declined after 7 days and normalized 16 days after FMT. A significant modification in her microbiota composition was consistently seen, characterized by a profound enrichment of the commensals in Firmicutes and depletion of opportunistic organisms in Proteobacteria. Furthermore, we identified a reconstituted bacterial community enriched in Firmicutes and depleted of Proteobacteria members that was associated with fecal output, plasma markers of inflammation and T helper cells.ConclusionsIn this report, we describe our initial experience with FMT, in which we successfully used it in the treatment of a patient with sepsis and severe diarrhea after a vagotomy. Our data indicate an association between repaired intestinal microbiota barrier and improvement of clinical outcomes. Our patient’s surprising clinical benefits from FMT demonstrate the role of intestinal microbiota in modulating immune equilibrium. It represents a breakthrough in the clinical management of sepsis and suggests new therapeutic avenues to pursue for microbiota-related indications.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13054-015-0738-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.  相似文献   

16.
To investigate further the mechanisms of developmental programming, we analysed the effects of maternal overnutrition and of postnatal high-fat feeding on adipose tissue metabolism in the offspring. Postnatal changes in serum adiponectin, leptin and TAG [triacylglycerol (triglyceride)] levels, adipose tissue TAGs, fatty acids and enzyme activities were determined in offspring of cafeteria-diet-fed dams during gestation and lactation, weaned on to standard chow or on to cafeteria diet. Obese rats showed higher adiposity (+35% to 85%) as well as a significant increase in serum glucose, insulin, leptin, adiponectin and TAG levels (P<0.01) and adipose tissue LPL (lipoprotein lipase) and GPDH (glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase) activities (P<0.01), compared with control pups at weaning (day 21) and at adulthood (day 90). Adipose HSL (hormone-sensitive lipase) activity was increased only at day 90 (P<0.05), and FAS (fatty acid synthase) activity remained unchanged. The proportions of SFAs (saturated fatty acids) and MUFAs (mono-unsaturated fatty acids) and the Δ(9)-desaturation index were significantly increased (P<0.05), whereas PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) were decreased (P<0.01) in serum and adipose TAGs of obese pups compared with controls. The cafeteria diet at weaning induced more severe abnormalities in obese rats. In conclusion, maternal overnutrition induced permanent changes in adipose tissue metabolism of the offspring. These pre-existing alterations in offspring were worsened under a high-fat diet from weaning to adulthood. Consequently, adipose adipokines and enzymes could provide a potential therapeutic target, and new investigations in this field could constitute strategies to improve the impact of early-life overnutrition.  相似文献   

17.
AIM: To specify changes in clinicolaboratory parameters in reduction of obesity in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM-2). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Antropometry, densitometry of fat tissue (FT) were made and parameters of fat and carbohydrate metabolism (lipidogram, glycated hemoglobin, immunoreactive insulin), FT secretory activity (leptin, adiponectin, TNF-alpha) were studied in 75 obese DM-2 patients. After the above primary examination all the patients were randomized into 2 groups: group 1 (n = 55) received xenical (120 mg 3 times a day) and kept moderate hypocaloric diet; group 2 (n = 20) received only the above diet therapy. Active treatment lasted 24 weeks. RESULTS: In addition to symptoms of metabolic syndrome (MS) the patients were found to have secretory disturbances of FT activity: elevation of leptin and TNF-alpha levels, subnormal adiponectin. These alterations directly correlated with body mass, FT mass gain, increase in waist circumference. Hyperleptinemia, hyperinsulinemia and hypoadiponectinemia were considered as markers of insulin resistance (IR) and related conditions. Xenical promoted a significant weight loss resulting in a positive trend in the parameters of adipokines, fat and carbohydrate metabolism, in reduction of IR. CONCLUSION: Xenical is beneficial for patients with DM-2 and obesity because it improves metabolic processes.  相似文献   

18.
Adipose tissue is now recognized as an endocrine organ able to synthesize and secrete several hundred molecules molecules, which exert pleiotropic actions in particular on the regulation of carbohydrate and lipid metabolism, inflammation, angiogenesis, or reproduction. These molecules are gathered under the term adipokines. Many studies have been done on “leading” adipokines, leptin, and adiponectin, particularly because of their involvement in energy metabolism. However, many other adipokines have been more recently identified and represent promising targets in the context of metabolic disorders associated with obesity. In this review, we present a non-exhaustive point of “classic” and more recently discovered adipokines in the field of obesity and metabolic diseases.  相似文献   

19.
BackgroundThe mechanism of obesity leading to endothelial function is complex, and involves many adipokines and inflammatory cytokines. The data is especially lacking in obese patients without metabolic syndrome. We assessed the relationship among endothelial dysfunction, anthropometric indices, adipokines and inflammatory cytokines in this population.MethodsObese patients without metabolic syndrome were included in this study. The plasma resistin, leptin, retinol-binding-protein 4 and inflammatory cytokines were examined. Endothelial function was assessed by a fingertip peripheral arterial tonometry (PAT) device. Data are expressed as the natural logarithm (ln) of the PAT ratio. Endothelial dysfunction was defined by a ln (PAT ratio) < 0.30.ResultsA total of 35 patients were enrolled, 11 of whom were with endothelial dysfunction. There was a significant difference of ln leptin (p = 0.007), ln [leptin/visceral fat thickness] (p = 0.004) and ln [leptin/subcutaneous fat thickness] (p < 0.001) between patients with and without endothelial dysfunction. Multivariate linear regression analyses showed that ln [leptin/subcutaneous fat thickness] was significantly related to the ln (PAT ratio) (p = 0.002). Using ln [leptin/subcutaneous fat thickness] to detect endothelial dysfunction, the area of receiver operating characteristic curves was 0.843 (p = 0.002). Using 6.10 as a cutoff point, the sensitivity and specificity to determine endothelial dysfunction were 91% and 78%, respectively.ConclusionAbnormal digital vascular function occurs in obese patients without metabolic syndrome. Low plasma leptin/subcutaneous fat ratio is associated with endothelial dysfunction in this population.  相似文献   

20.
PurposeAerobic vaginitis (AV) has drawn increasing attention because of its threat to women's reproductive health and pregnancy. However, little is known about the overall structure of vaginal bacterial communities in women with AV.MethodsThe diversity of vaginal microbiota was evaluated by amplicon sequencing targeting the 16S rRNA V4 region. Routine laboratory tests, including cultivation, were used.ResultsFirmicutes (mainly Lactobacillus crispatus and L. iners) were dominant in healthy women (n = 160), while Actinobacteria and Bacteroidetes were strongly associated with AV (n = 80). The onset of AV was marked by a striking decline in L. crispatus and an increase in multiple aerobes, including Streptococcus agalactiae, S. anginosus, etc. The overall drug resistance level of gram-positive bacteria against erythromycin and clindamycin was high, and the overall drug resistance level of gram-negative bacteria against ampicillin was high.ConclusionsMultiple aerobes and facultative anaerobes were involved in vaginal dysbiosis, which was associated with decreasing L. crispatus levels. Probiotics containing L. crispatus may be potential supplementary agents.  相似文献   

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