脑卒中偏瘫患者股直肌和股二头肌的表面肌电信号特征

目的：观察脑卒中偏瘫患者在最大等长收缩（MIVC）时股直肌和股二头肌的表面肌电信号特征，为脑卒中患者的康复提供客观依据。方法：选择26例恢复期的脑卒中患者，在进行膝关节屈、伸肌群的MIVC时检测并记录股直肌和股二头肌的表面肌电信号，并计算积分肌电图（iEMG）和协同收缩率等。结果：在MIVC状态下，膝伸展时，健侧股直肌的iEMG大于患侧，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）；健、患侧股二头肌的iEMG比较，差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。膝屈曲时，健侧股二头肌的iEMG大于患侧，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05），患侧股直肌的iEMG大于健侧，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。患侧膝屈曲的协同收缩率大于健侧，差异有显著性意义（P〈0．05），而患侧膝伸展的协同收缩率与健侧比较，差异无显著性意义（P〉0．05）。结论：脑卒中偏瘫患者膝关节痉挛以伸肌群为主，对膝关节屈肌群和伸肌群收缩的协调性训练，尤其在膝关节屈曲运动时，增强主动肌收缩，抑制拮抗肌的协同收缩，应是脑卒中患者下肢康复的重要目标。     

脑卒中患者痉挛上肢肌肉协调性的表面肌电研究

目的探讨脑卒中患者痉挛上肢各关节最大等长收缩（MIVC）时的表面肌电（sEMG）信号变化，定量分析异常协同运动模式，为上肢肌肉协调性的康复提供客观依据。 方法选取10例脑卒中偏瘫患者和10例健康成人纳入研究，在进行屈腕、屈伸肘及肩外展MIVC时，记录尺侧腕屈肌、肱二头肌、肱三头肌及三角肌的sEMG信号，计算协同收缩率（CR）和共激活比值，对两者进行分析比较。 结果屈伸肘时，病例组患侧肱二头肌CR大于健侧及对照组（P<0.05），患侧肱三头肌CR大于对照组（P<0.05），患侧、健侧及对照组肱二头肌CR均大于肱三头肌CR（P<0.05），患侧肱二头肌、肱三头肌CR差值大于健侧及对照组（P<0.05）；屈肘时，患侧尺侧腕屈肌、肱三头肌、三角肌的共激活比值大于健侧及对照组（P<0.05），患侧尺侧腕屈肌的共激活比值大于肱三头肌（P<0.05）；伸肘时，患侧尺侧腕屈肌、肱二头肌、三角肌的共激活比值大于健侧及对照组（P<0.05），患侧尺侧腕屈肌的共激活比值大于肱二头肌（P<0.05）；屈腕时，患侧肱二头肌、三角肌的共激活比值大于健侧及对照组（P<0.05），患侧肱二头肌的共激活比值大于三角肌及肱三头肌（P<0.05）；肩外展时，患侧肱二头肌的共激活比值大于健侧及对照组（P<0.05）。 结论脑卒中患者痉挛上肢常表现为屈肌痉挛和典型异常的协同运动模式，在康复治疗中，应注重抑制屈肌痉挛，改善上肢异常协同运动模式，促进上肢肌肉整体协调性的康复。     

不同恢复期脑卒中患者胫骨前肌和腓肠肌表面肌电信号的研究

目的：探讨脑卒中偏瘫患者恢复期sEMG信号的特点及规律。方法：17例偏瘫患者分为两组．A组9例均为BrunnstromⅣ期的患者，B组8例均为BrunnstromⅤ期的患者，在进行踝关节背屈最大自主收缩的同时，采用表面肌电图仪记录患侧和健侧的胫骨前肌和腓肠肌外侧头收缩的肌电信号，并对两组的积分肌电值、协同收缩率等观测指标进行分析比较。结果：B组患侧胫骨前肌积分肌电值明显高于A组（P〈0．01），B组患侧协同收缩率则明显低于A组（P〈0．01），而两组的患侧腓肠肌、健侧胫骨前肌、健侧腓肠肌积分肌电，以及健侧的协同收缩率之间差异无显著性（P〉0．05）;A、B两组的患侧与健侧胫骨前肌积分肌电、患侧与健侧协同收缩率之间均有不同程度的差异（P〈0．01或P〈0．05），而两组患侧与健侧腓肠肌积分肌电之间差异均无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论：恢复后期的偏瘫患者踝背屈主动肌的收缩功能及对拮抗肌协同收缩的控制能力明显好于恢复前期的偏瘫患者。sEMG作为一种简便的、非创伤性的检查方法，在脑卒中偏瘫运动功能评价中具有潜在的临床应用价值。     

恢复期脑卒中患者肘屈伸肌群最大等长收缩的表面肌电图研究

目的：探讨恢复期脑卒中患者肘屈伸肌群的生物力学变化及对应的表面肌电图特征，为恢复期脑卒中患者制定康复方案提供科学依据。方法：采用Biodex-HI型等速测试仪里面“双侧等长收缩模式”对14例健康人群（健康组）及16例恢复期脑卒中患者（卒中组）进行双侧肘屈伸肌测试，用Noraxon2400表面肌电图仪同步观察肘屈伸肌的肌电信号。结果：健康组右侧肘屈肌及伸肌的峰力矩、峰力矩体重比均高于左侧（P〈0．05）；右侧肱二、三头肌的积分肌电面积也高于左侧（P〈0．05）。卒中组息侧肘屈肌及伸肌的峰力矩、峰力矩体重比均低于健侧，而屈伸力矩比高于健侧（P〈0．05）；息侧肱二、三头肌的积分肌电面积比健侧下降，而协同收缩率则明显升高（P〈0．05）。与健康组比较，卒中组健侧肘屈伸肌也存在等长肌力及肌电信号的异常。结论：恢复期的脑卒中患者上肢健患侧屈伸肌都存在肌力及主动肌拮抗肌协调性的异常，制定康复方案时不应忽视加强双侧屈伸肌力量的训练。     

表面肌电仪对痉挛偏瘫型脑瘫患儿肌张力的分析

目的探讨痉挛偏瘫型脑瘫患儿在等长收缩过程中肱二头肌肌张力变化的表面肌电图特征。方法使用表面肌电仪检测10例偏瘫型脑瘫患儿在肱二头肌进行被动等长收缩时的表面肌电信号。结果健侧肌电信号强于患侧,健侧肱二头肌肌电信号的均方根值（RMS）及肌电积分值（iEMG）高于患侧（P〈0.05）。结论表面肌电仪对痉挛偏瘫型脑瘫患儿肌张力的评估结果与改良Ashworth量表（MAS）评定结果一致,具有实用价值。     

脑卒中偏瘫患者肘关节屈伸肌等速肌力测试研究

目的：通过对脑卒中患者肘关节等速运动的测试分析，探讨脑卒中偏瘫患者肘关节肱二头肌、肱三头肌的功能，为脑卒中后偏瘫上肢的临床治疗和训练提供科学依据。方法：选择14例脑卒中轻偏瘫或处于恢复期的患者．观察在进行肘关节低速（60°/s）、中速（120°/s）、高速（180°/s）等速运动时，肘关节屈曲和伸展运动时的峰力矩、峰力矩，体重比、屈伸肌峰力矩比。比较肘关节高速运动测试时肘屈肌和伸肌的平均功率、做功量和到达峰力矩时间。结果：在低、中、高速3种运动速度测试时，肘屈、伸肌峰力矩及峰力矩体重比，患侧均较对侧减弱．两侧相比差异有显著和非常显著性意义；肘关节屈伸力矩比，在低速运动测试时患侧大于对侧（P〈0．05），中速和高速运动测试时患侧也有增大趋势，但无显著性差异；偏瘫患者在高速运动测试时，患侧肘关节不论是屈肌还是伸肌，其平均功率、做功量均较对侧明显下降，差异有显著性意义；到达峰力矩时间患侧伸肌明显延长，差异有显著性意义．患侧屈肌也较对侧有延长趋势，但无显著性差异。结论：轻偏瘫患者，其患侧肘关节屈伸肌肌力、肌肉耐力、肌肉做功效率均较对侧降低．而伸肌侧下降更明显。提示脑卒中后偏瘫上肢应以训练伸肌肌力为主。     

应用sEMG对脑卒中患者踝背屈的研究

目的：比较健康人和偏瘫患者在立位下胫前肌和腓肠肌的收缩能力,为脑卒中患者的步行能力的恢复提供相关的可靠的临床量化评定指标。方法：分别选取20例健康人（健康组）和20例脑卒中患者（偏瘫组）,在立位下完成背屈,并将表面电极贴到胫前肌和腓肠肌内外侧头,收集肌肉收缩时的肌电信号。 结果：偏瘫组的患、健侧胫前肌的iEMG比较差异无统计学意义, 健侧胫前肌的iEMG值明显高于健康组（P＜0.05）;偏瘫组患侧腓肠肌的iEMG值及协同收缩率均明显高于健侧（P＜0.05）, 健侧腓肠肌的iEMG值及协同收缩率又明显高于健康组（P＜0.05）。结论：脑卒中患者不仅患侧胫前肌和腓肠肌的肌肉收缩不协调,同时健侧也存在肌肉收缩不协调。     

经络刮疗结合康复训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者痉挛上肢表面肌电图及动力学的影响

目的:探讨经络刮疗结合康复训练对脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢肱二头肌、肱三头肌表面肌电图及动力学的影响。方法:将80例脑卒中后偏瘫上肢肌张力增高患者按照随机数字表法分为综合组和西药组,每组各40例。西药组口服巴氯芬片治疗,综合组在口服巴氯芬片基础上对上肢阴经及阳经进行经络刮疗,治疗期间2组均接受相同的康复训练。经络刮疗和康复训练均每日1次,每周5次,连续4周。治疗前及治疗4周后,2组在患侧肘关节屈曲、伸展最大等长收缩时记录肱二头肌、肱三头肌肌肉收缩的积分肌电值,计算肘关节屈伸力矩及相应的协同收缩率。采用改良Ashworth量表、肘关节活动度及Fugl-Meyer测评法评价患侧屈肘痉挛上肢肱二头肌肌张力改善程度、肘关节活动度变化及运动功能恢复情况。结果:2组治疗后患肘屈曲、伸展力矩均高于治疗前(P0.05),肱二头肌、肱三头肌的协同收缩率低于治疗前(P0.05)。治疗后综合组患侧肘关节伸展力矩增加幅度大于西药组(P0.05),肱二头肌协同收缩率降低幅度大于西药组(P0.05)。治疗后2组患侧肱二头肌痉挛程度、肘关节自主活动度、上肢运动功能较治疗前明显改善(P0.05),且综合组患侧肱二头肌痉挛程度、肘关节自主活动度、上肢运动功能改善优于西药组(P0.05)。结论:经络刮疗结合康复训练能增强脑卒中偏瘫痉挛上肢伸肘力量,改善肘关节屈伸运动的协调性,降低患侧肱二头肌肌张力,增大患侧肘关节主动活动度和改善患侧上肢运动功能。     

表面肌电在脑卒中患者双侧肢体训练中的应用

目的 采用表面肌电评定双侧肢体训练治疗脑卒中患者运动功能障碍的疗效。 方法 选取60例脑卒中偏瘫患者，按随机数字表法将其分为双侧组和单侧组，每组30例。两组患者均进行常规康复训练，双侧组在此基础上联合健侧肢体训练，共4周。治疗前及治疗4周后（治疗后），利用Delsys表面肌电图仪测试患者三角肌、肱二头肌、肱三头肌、股直肌、股二头肌和胫前肌的相关指标，对其最大自主收缩（MVC）、随意收缩状态下的积分肌电值（iEMG）和均方根值（RMS）等指标进行比较，评估患者疗效。 结果 治疗前，2组患者三角肌、肱二头肌、肱三头肌、股直肌、股二头肌、胫前肌的MVC、iEMG、RMS比较，差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）。2组患者治疗后三角肌、肱二头肌、肱三头肌、股直肌、股二头肌、胫前肌的MVC、iEMG、RMS均较组内治疗前提高，且双侧组MVC、iEMG、RMS较单侧组明显提高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 双侧肢体训练较常规康复训练能更好地改善脑卒中患者的运动功能。     

全身振动训练对亚急性期脑卒中患者上肢运动功能的影响

目的:观察并探讨全身振动训练对亚急性期脑卒中偏瘫患者上肢运动功能的影响。方法:选取2018年8月—2019年1月北京大学第三医院康复医学科住院治疗的亚急性期脑卒中偏瘫患者28例,随机分为试验组(n=14)和对照组(n=14)。试验组接受常规康复训练与全身振动训练,方案为常规康复训练每次45min,每日2次,全身振动训练每次30min,每日1次,每周5天,治疗周期为3周。对照组仅接受常规康复训练,每次60min,每日2次,每周5天,治疗周期为3周。治疗开始前采集所有患者的一般情况。治疗前,治疗3周后分别采用Fugl-Meyer评定量表上肢部分(FMA-UE),Wolf运动功能测试(WMFT),以及表面肌电图(sEMG)测定的肘关节屈、伸最大等长收缩(MIVC)时肱二头肌、肱三头肌积分肌电值(IEMG)及由此计算的协同收缩率(CR)来评定患者偏瘫侧上肢运动功能。结果:治疗前,试验组与对照组患者在一般情况、FMA-UE评分、WMFT评分及肘关节屈、伸MIVC时,肱二头肌、肱三头肌CR均无显著差异(P0.05)。治疗3周后,试验组和对照组患者上肢FMA、WMFT评分较治疗前均显著提高(P0.05),肘关节屈、伸MIVC时肱二头肌、肱三头肌CR均较治疗前下降(P0.05)。治疗3周后,试验组患者FMA和WMFT评分明显高于对照组患者(P0.05),试验组患者肘伸展MIVC时肱三头肌CR显著低于对照组患者,试验组与对照组患者肘屈曲MIVC时肱二头肌CR无明显差异(P0.05)。结论:全身振动训练在提高亚急性期脑卒中患者上肢运动功能方面具有潜在优势。     

不同病情程度脑瘫患儿的表面肌电图特征初探

目的：探讨不同病情程度脑瘫患儿的表面肌电图特征.方法：脑瘫患儿100例作为观察组,30例正常儿童作为对照组,2组均给予双侧肱二头肌、肱三头肌、腓肠肌、胫骨前肌的表面肌电图测试;分为被动活动和最大等长收缩（MIVC）2种状态,测试指标为肌电积分值（iEMG）、中值频率（MF）和协同收缩率（CR）.结果：在被动活动状态下,随着病情程度加重,患儿肱二头肌、腓肠肌iEMG值逐渐增高（P＜0.05）;在MIVC状态下,随着病情程度加重,各组患儿肌肉iEMG值及MF值逐渐降低,肱三头肌、胫骨前肌CR逐渐增高（均P＜0.05）.结论：脑瘫患儿的表面肌电图特征与正常儿童存在显著性差异,随着病情程度的加重,脑瘫患儿时域、频域指标呈现相应的特征.     

Vibratory facilitation of strength in fatigued muscle

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of tendon vibration on isometric torque and electromyographic activity of fatigued muscles. DESIGN: Subjects performed a 30-trial isometric (2-s maximal effort contractions alternating with 6-s rest periods) elbow extensor fatigue series. Three additional trials with the same work-to-rest ratio were then performed in which the triceps extensor tendon was subjected to a 60-Hz, 1-mm vibration during the rest intervals. SETTING: A biomechanics research laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Thirteen healthy women without history of upper-extremity injury or neurologic disorder. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Elbow extension torque was measured with a load cell. Triceps and biceps brachii muscle activity was measured with surface electromyography electrodes. RESULTS: Elbow extension torque increased 10% (2 Nm) during the stimulation trials relative to the control trials (P<.05). The associated increase in mean peak-to-peak electromyographic amplitude was 47 % (103 microV) for the triceps brachii and 38% (33 microV) for the biceps brachii (all P<.05). The electromyographic frequency measures failed to reach the.05 probability level of significance. CONCLUSIONS: Elbow extension torque and triceps electromyographic activity were facilitated by tendon vibration of fatigued triceps in healthy subjects. This finding supports the use of proprioceptive feedback to facilitate voluntary muscle contractions.     

上肢康复机器人对偏瘫上肢运动功能和日常活动能力的影响

目的:本研究拟证实上肢康复机器人辅助虚拟现实技术对脑卒中恢复期上肢运动功能和日常活动能力的影响,并通过分析上肢执行功能性活动时相关肌群的表面肌电活动,进一步探讨其相关机制。方法:将40例脑卒中患者随机分为研究组和对照组各20例。研究组给予上肢康复机器人辅助虚拟游戏训练,对照组给予常规作业治疗。治疗前和治疗2周后采用Fugl-Meyer上肢评分(FMA-UE)、改良巴氏指数(MBI)及动作活动记录量表(MAL)对2组患者进行运动功能和活动能力评估,并采集肱二头肌和肱三头肌在肘关节做屈伸最大等长收缩(MIVC)时的表面肌电信号(sEMG),同步记录肱二、三头肌的积分肌电值(iEMG)、均方根值(RMS)。治疗结束后1个月对2组患者均进行MBI随访评价。结果:治疗2周后,2组FMA-UE及MBI、MAL运动频率及运动质量评分均显著高于治疗前(均P<0.05),且研究组FMA-UE、MAL运动质量评分均显著高于对照组(均P<0.05)。随访时,2组MBI评分均显著高于治疗结束时(均P<0.05),研究组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。2组患者治疗前后iEMG和RMS值组内及组间比较差异无统计学意义。结论:上肢康复机器人辅助虚拟现实技术训练能有效改善偏瘫上肢运动功能、运动质量,提高日常生活活动能力。     

Influence of heat on fatigue and electromyographic activity of the biceps brachii muscle

Electromyography enables registering muscle activity during contraction and can identify muscle fatigue. In the present study, 30 volunteers between 18 and 30 years of age were submitted to an exertion 1 min of maximal voluntary isometric contraction. The electromyographic signal of the biceps brachii muscle and the strength of the flexor muscles of the elbow were determined before and after the administration of microwave diathermy in order to analyze the influence of heat over the strength of the elbow flexor muscles and fatigue of the biceps brachii. The results demonstrate that the strength of the elbow flexor muscles diminished significantly following the application of heat (p < 0.05). Heat also led to a significant reduction in the electrical activity of the muscle studied. The present study demonstrates that microwave diathermy on the biceps brachii muscle reduces the flexion strength of the elbow as well as signs of muscle fatigue in the biceps.     

Agonist contractions against electrically stimulated antagonists

OBJECTIVE: To assess an exercise program that uses electrically stimulated antagonists to resist agonist muscle contractions. DESIGN: In 1 limb, electrically stimulated antagonists resisted elbow flexion and extension. In the other, stimulation occurred without volitional muscle contraction. SETTING: A biomechanics laboratory in Japan. PARTICIPANTS: Twelve men between the ages of 19 and 24 years. Subjects served as their own controls. INTERVENTION: Subjects trained 3 times a week for 12 weeks. Each session consisted of 10 sets of 10 elbow flexor and extensor contractions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Isokinetic elbow extension and flexion torques. Biceps and triceps brachii cross-sectional areas. RESULTS: Elbow extension torques increased (32.85% at 30 degrees/s, 27.20% at 60 degrees/s, 26.16% at 90 degrees/s; all P相似文献   

The effects of non-elastic taping on muscle tone in stroke patients: a pilot study

[Purpose] Hemiplegia occurs when posturing with a dominant flexor tone is present in the upper limbs, thus preventing increased abnormal tone. We attempted to improve the side effects of this condition using elbow re-positioning with non-elastic tape; this method is used to modulate abnormal muscle tone in chronic hemiplegic stroke patients. [Subjects and Methods] Fourteen post-stroke patients were included in this study. Non-elastic tape was applied to the elbow joint in a spiral manner. Before and after the tape was applied, the degree of spasticity (hypertonia) was measured in the elbow flexor muscles using the Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS). Global synkinesis (GS) intensity using electromyography (EMG) was measured in the biceps brachii and triceps brachii during voluntary isometric elbow contractions of the contralateral upper limbs. [Results] Application of non-elastic tape at the elbow joint significantly changed the GS intensity, but no significant changes were found when compared with the MAS. [Conclusion] This study demonstrates that non-elastic tape can be used to decrease abnormal elbow flexor tone. The findings may be used to influence the choice of intervention regarding muscle tone and spastic elbow flexion.Key words: Stroke, Muscle tone, Non-elastic taping     

Incorporating ultrasound-measured musculotendon parameters to subject-specific EMG-driven model to simulate voluntary elbow flexion for persons after stroke

Background

This study was to extend previous neuromusculoskeletal modeling efforts through combining the in vivo ultrasound-measured musculotendon parameters on persons after stroke.

Method

A subject-specific neuromusculoskeletal model of the elbow was developed to predict the individual muscle force during dynamic movement and then validated by joint trajectory. The model combined a geometrical model and a Hill-type musculotendon model, and used subject-specific musculotendon parameters as inputs. EMG signals and joint angle were recorded from healthy control subjects (n = 4) and persons after stroke (n = 4) during voluntary elbow flexion in a vertical plane. Ultrasonography was employed to measure the muscle optimal length and pennation angle of each prime elbow flexor (biceps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis) and extensor (three heads of triceps brachii). Maximum isometric muscle stresses of the flexor and extensor muscle group were calibrated by minimizing the root mean square difference between the predicted and measured maximum isometric torque–angle curves. These parameters were then inputted into the neuromusculoskeletal model to predict the individual muscle force using the input of EMG signals directly without any trajectory fitting procedure involved.

Findings

The results showed that the prediction of voluntary flexion in the hemiparetic group using subject-specific parameters data was better than that using cadaveric data extracted from the literature.

Interpretation

The results demonstrated the feasibility of using EMG-driven neuromusculoskeletal modeling with direct ultrasound measurement for the prediction of voluntary elbow movement for both subjects without impairment and persons after stroke.     

恢复期脑卒中患者肘关节等速测试的研究

目的:使用等速测试指标评定恢复期脑卒中患者肘关节运动功能,为恢复期脑卒中患者制定康复方案提供科学依据.方法:采用Biodex-Ⅲ型等速测试仪对30例健康人群(健康组)及30例恢复期脑卒中患者(卒中组)进行测试.结果:健康组右侧肘屈肌及肘伸肌的峰力矩(PT)、峰力矩体重比(PT/BW)、总做功量(TW)、力矩加速时间(AT)均高于左侧(P＜0.05);与健康组比较,脑卒中组健侧肘屈伸肌也存在等速肌力的异常,患侧肘屈肌及伸肌的PT、PT/BW、TW、AT均下降(P＜0.05).结论:恢复期脑卒中患者健患侧上肢均存在力量的异常,可适当加强力量训练,重点在患侧上肢伸肌群;对于恢复期脑卒中患者的等速测试不宜单独使用健患侧自身对照法进行研究.     

The relation of integrated EMG of the triceps brachii to force in rapid elbow extension

The relationships between the integrated EMG (iEMG) of the first burst activity of the triceps brachii muscle and biomechanical variables such as acceleration, velocity and kinetic energy were examined for ballistic elbow extension in five healthy men. The duration of the first burst ceased within 100 msec in every subject. Although the regression analysis of each variable to iEMG was all significant, the correlation coefficient was the largest for mean or peak acceleration and the smallest for kinetic energy. The motor center would control the force output to initiate ballistic movement by changing the amount of the EMG activity keeping its duration constant.