壁厚型胆囊癌与慢性胆囊炎CT表现的研究

目的：探讨壁厚型胆囊癌与慢性胆囊炎的鉴别诊断。方法：收集经手术和病理证实的14例壁厚型胆囊癌与14例慢性胆囊炎，分成良、恶两组，对它们的CT表现进行对比分析，结果：两组间的CT征象有许多不同。14例壁厚型胆囊癌胆囊壁均不规则增厚，壁僵硬9例(64．2％)，胆囊腔变小和形态失常8例(57.1％)，胆囊边界不清10例(71．4％)，9例(64.2％)见有不同程度的胆管扩张；而14例慢性胆囊炎中2例(14．3％)壁厚薄不均，2例(14．3％)壁显僵硬，2例(14．3％)胆囊挛缩变小，胆囊边界不请2例(14.3％)，恶性组增强后见胆囊壁连续性中断5例(37．5％)，7例(50．0％)见淋巴结肿大；而良性组均未见两征象。结论：螺旋CT在胆囊癌与慢性胆囊炎的鉴别诊断中有重要价值，上述征象出现率高的病例有助于胆囊癌的诊断。     

厚壁型胆囊癌和慢性胆囊炎的CT鉴别诊断

目的：评估CT对厚壁型胆囊癌和慢性胆囊炎的鉴别诊断价值．材料与方法：分析了经手术病理证实的36例CT检查资料。结果：厚壁型胆囊癌CT表现为胆囊定不均匀增厚，内壁凹凸不平，增强程度接近肝组织，持续时间较长。慢性胆囊炎内壁光整，增强程度明显低于肝脏，且持续时间短。结论：CT扫描对这两种疾病的鉴别诊断有一定价值．尤其是增强检查。     

原发性胆囊癌的CT分析(附30例报告)

目的 探讨原发性胆囊癌的CT表现特征。方法对30例病理证实的原发性胆囊腺癌的CT资料进行回顾性分析。结果 肿块型16例，其增强特点可用于鉴别原发性肝癌；厚壁型8例，表现为胆囊壁不规则性、非对称性增厚，区别于胆囊炎的均匀性增厚；腔内结节型6例，表现为腔内分叶状软组织结节，横径大于1.0cm，不同于胆囊息肉的表现。结论掌握原发性胆囊癌的特征性CT表现，有助于提高其诊断与鉴别诊断的准确性。     

原发性胆囊癌与慢性化脓性胆囊炎的CT鉴别诊断

目的:探讨原发性胆囊与慢性化脓性胆囊炎的CT诊断及鉴别诊断。材料与方法:回顾性分析29例胆囊癌及12例慢性化脓性胆囊炎的临床表现及CT资料。结果:两组病例临床表现类似。CT显示胆囊癌的胆囊壁增厚6例,突入胆囊腔内肿块16例及肿块占据整个肿囊7例。肝内胆管扩张18例。病灶均有轻度至中度强化。慢性胆囊炎均表现胆囊增大,壁增厚;5例壁内存在低密度区;增强后明显强化。肝内胆管扩张1例。结论:CT显示胆囊癌主要表现为局部肿块及肝内胆管扩张;胆囊炎表现为胆囊壁增厚、边缘模糊,尤其CT可以发现壁内低密度小脓肿。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎6例CT诊断分析

目的：探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的CT表现。方法：回顾性分析经手术和病理证实的6例黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的CT表现。结果：在6例黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎中，CT表现为胆囊壁弥漫型增厚4例。局限型增厚2例。增厚的囊壁内见类圆形低密度小结节影4例，伴胆囊内结石5例。增强扫描动脉期增厚的胆囊壁轻度强化。门脉期至平衡期强化逐渐明显，囊壁结节强化不明显，出现较高密度的连续性黏膜线2例。胆囊周围浸润3例。肝侵犯1例，3例胆管扩张，肝门肿大淋巴结1例。误诊为胆囊癌4例，一般慢性胆囊炎伴结石1例。结论：通过黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎CT资料分析．有利于进一步提高对该病的影像学认识．     

CT在黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎诊断中的价值

目的：评价CT对黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎（XGC）的诊断及与壁厚型胆囊癌鉴别诊断的价值。方法：测量13例XGC与19例壁厚型胆囊癌的胆囊壁最大厚度，并对其以下CT征象进行分析：①胆囊壁间低密度结节或低密度带，②黏膜线，③胆囊内壁改变情况，④肝内浸润，⑤肝内胆管扩张，⑥腹膜后淋巴结肿大。结果：13例XGC平均壁厚（24.7±16.0）mm，10例病灶区出现低密度结节或低密度带，8例存在黏膜线，8例病变处胆囊内壁光整，5例出现肝内浸润，1例出现肝内段胆管扩张，均无腹膜后淋巴结肿大；而19胆囊癌平均壁厚（18.3±8.6）mm，6例病灶区出现低密度结节或低密度带，该6例且均存在黏膜线，8例病变处胆囊内壁光整，7例出现肝浸润，12例出现肝内段胆管扩张，4例腹膜后淋巴结肿大。结论：增厚的胆囊壁间出现低密度结节或低密度带，肝内胆管无扩张，是XGC诊断与鉴别诊断的关键CT征象。     

原发性胆囊癌的CT诊断(附56例报告)

目的：研究胆囊癌的CT诊断。资料和方法：对照病理回顾分析56例胆囊癌的CT表现。结果:胆囊壁不规则增厚32％；胆囊腔内结节21％；胆囊区肿块46％；肝侵犯52％；胆管扩张53％；胆结石27％；淋巴转移34％。结论：1、胆囊癌CT分型为厚壁型、腔内结节型、肿块型，各型为病理发展中不同的阶段。2、直接侵犯肝脏及胆管受侵扩散为胆囊癌主要转移方式。3、CT对诊断中晚期胆囊癌及判断浸润范围有价值，尤其是增强扫描。     

原发性胆囊癌的超声诊断及漏误诊分析

目的分析原发性胆囊癌的超声特点及误诊原因，提高超声对胆囊癌的诊断正确率。方法回顾性分析26例经手术和病理证实的胆囊癌的超声资料，分析胆囊癌超声表现及误诊为胆囊其他疾病的胆囊癌的超声影像学特点。结果26例胆囊癌中超声诊断18例（69．2％），漏误诊8例（30．8％）。胆囊癌的超声影像学表现分成4种类型：①囊壁局部或弥漫性增厚型11例（42．3％）；②肿块型6例（23．1％）；③乳头结节型8例（30．8％）；（9胆囊增大型1例（3．8％）。结论原发性胆囊癌超声表现多样化，易诊断为胆囊其他疾病，细致观察胆囊声像图，综合应用二维超声与彩色多普勒超声检查，有助于提高对早期诊断胆囊癌的诊断率。     

彩色多普勒超声在胆囊腺肌瘤症与原发性胆囊癌鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声（CDFI）在胆囊腺肌瘤症与胆囊癌鉴别诊断中的价值。 方法采用CDFI检测20例胆囊腺肌瘤症与32例胆囊癌患者，全部病例均经手术病理证实，观察胆囊壁厚度与回声情况，浆膜层的完整性，囊腔回声情况，行CDFI检测增厚病变内的血流分布情况与血流丰富程度，并分别进行比较。 结果20例胆囊腺肌瘤症中35．0％（7／20）合并胆囊腔内结石，80．0％（16／20）合并壁内结石；胆囊浆膜层均显示完整（20／20）；CDFI于95％（19／20）胆囊腺肌瘤症增厚囊壁内未测及明显血流信号，仅1例测及少量星点状血流信号。32例胆囊癌中40．6％（13／32）合并腔内结石，无1例合并壁内结石；胆囊浆膜层53．1％（17／32）显示不完整；CDFI于81．2％（26／32）胆囊癌肿块内测及丰富血流信号，形态呈“网篮样”改变。 结论彩色多普勒超声在胆囊腺肌瘤症与胆囊癌鉴别诊断中具有重要的临床意义。     

原发性胆囊癌B超误诊原因分析

本文分析经Ｂ超检查并手术和病理证实的３０例原发性胆囊癌的误诊原因，其中假阳性２５例，假阴性５例。误诊原因有：（１），充满型胆囊结石因弧形光带伴宽声影，掩盖了肿瘤声像不能显示；（２）只满足于发现胆囊结石，对伴有胆囊癌未引起重视，又缺乏多体位、多切面扫查，造成误诊；（３）胆囊不显像，无法判明胆囊的情况造成误诊；（４）将胆囊腔内蛔虫残体的声像误诊为胆囊癌；（５）因胆囊炎症致囊壁增厚且凸凹不平误诊为厚壁型胆囊癌；（６）胆囊腔内除见两块结石强光团外，还可见２．８×１．９ｃｍ较强光团但不伴声影，超声诊断为胆囊结石伴胆囊癌，手术证实不伴声影的较强光团系胆囊结石外周包裹了结缔组织所致；（７）Ｂ超与ＣＴ均诊断为胆囊癌伴胆囊周围癌浸润，手术和病理证实为胆固醇肉芽肿，胆囊壁由于炎症致使增厚并与周围肝组织粘连。     

Ultrasonographic difficulties and pitfalls in diagnosing primary carcinoma of the gallbladder

In order to more specifically define gallbladder carcinoma with real-time ultrasonography, a retrospective study was performed involving 29 sonographically false-negative and 22 sonographically false-positive cases of gallbladder carcinoma. Among the false negative cases, 18 (62.1%) were diagnosed as gallbladder stone only, 6 cases (20.7%) were incorrectly diagnosed as either acute or chronic cholecystitis, 2 cases (6.9%) were diagnosed as bile sludge, 2 cases (6.9%) were diagnosed as polyps, and 1 case (3.4%) was diagnosed as liver tumor. In false-positive cases, 8 (31.8%) were erroneously diagnosed as liver tumor. In false-positive cases, 7 (31.8%) were erroneously diagnosed as a mass projecting from the gallbladder wall but were pathologically proven to be polyps (4 cases) or bile sludge (3 cases); 8 cases (36.4%) were incorrectly diagnosed due to irregular thickening of the gallbladder wall but histology revealed them to be acute (3 cases) or chronic (5 cases) cholecystitis. Seven cases (31.8%) had a solid mass in porta hepatis, indicating gallbladder carcinoma; of these, 2 cases were lumps of bile sludge and 5 cases were acute cholecystitis with empyema. The differentiation of gallbladder carcinoma from cholecystitis (acute or chronic), polyps, and bile sludge is sometimes very difficult. With an understanding of the sonographic pitfalls and difficulties in the diagnosis of gallbladder carcinoma, a more specific diagnosis may be made.     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎的CT表现

目的探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎(XGC)的CT表现特点,提高对XGC的诊断水平.方法回顾性分析经手术病理证实的29例XGC的CT检查资料.结果术前诊断为胆囊癌15例,慢性结石性胆囊炎14例.29例均有不同程度的胆囊壁增厚,其中局限性胆囊壁增厚8例,弥漫性胆囊壁增厚21例;增厚的胆囊壁内见单发或多发低密度结节15例;伴发胆囊结石26例;肝-胆界面较清楚者24例,肝-胆界面不清者5例;增强后增厚的胆囊壁在动脉期仅有轻度强化,门脉期至延迟期强化逐渐明显,胆囊壁内低密度结节影强化不明显,增强后显示密度较高的黏膜线9例.结论增强后增厚的胆囊壁延迟强化,增厚的胆囊壁内低密度结节,胆囊轮廓及黏膜线的存在对本病诊断有意义.     

Gallbladder carcinoma and chronic cholecystitis: differentiation with two-phase spiral CT

The objective of the present study was to determine whether an analysis of two-phase spiral computed tomographic (CT) features provides a sound basis for the differential diagnosis between gallbladder carcinoma and chronic cholecystitis. Eighty-two patients, 35 with gallbladder carcinoma and 47 with chronic cholecystitis, underwent two-phase spiral CT. We reviewed the two-phase spiral CT features of thickness and enhancement pattern of the gallbladder wall seen during the arterial and venous phases. Mean wall thicknesses were 12.6 mm in the gallbladder carcinoma group and 6.9 mm in the chronic cholecystitis group. The common enhancement patterns seen in gallbladder carcinoma were (a) a highly enhanced thick inner wall layer during the arterial phase that showed isoattenuation with the adjacent hepatic parenchyma during the venous phase (16 of 35, 45.7%) and (b) a highly enhanced thick inner wall layer during both phases (eight of 35, 22.9%). The most common enhancement pattern of chronic cholecystitis was isoattenuation of the thin inner wall layer during both phases (42 of 47, 89.4%). In conclusion, awareness of the wall thickening and enhancement patterns in gallbladder carcinoma and chronic cholecystitis on two-phase spiral CT appears to be valuable in differentiating these two different disease entities.     

原发性胆囊癌的超声误诊原因分析

为了提高实时超声显像胆囊癌的诊断准确率,作者回顾分析了29例超声假阴性,22例超声假阳性胆囊癌病例。在假阴性病例中,18例(62.1%)诊断为胆囊结石,6例(200.7%)误诊为急慢性胆囊炎,2例(6.9%)诊断为胆泥,2例(6.9%)诊断为息肉,1例(3.4%)诊断为肝脏肿瘤。在假阳性病例中,7例(31.8%)误诊为胆囊壁肿块但病检证实为息肉(4例)和胆泥(3例);8例(36.4%)误诊为胆囊壁不规则增厚,但组织学显示为急性(3例)和慢性(5例)胆囊炎。7例(31.89%)肝门显示有实质性肿块,超声提示为胆囊癌,其中2例为胆泥形成的肿物,5例为急性胆囊炎并积浓。     

黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎12例临床病理分析

目的 探讨黄色肉芽肿性胆囊炎（XGC）的临床病理特点。方法 对481例胆囊切除标本中病理确诊的12例XGC进行回顾性分析。结果 12例XGC临床表现与一般的慢性胆囊炎胆石症类似。大体观察示胆囊壁明显不规则增厚，多数病例切面可见淡黄或黄褐色大小不等的结节或斑点，有的呈息肉样突起，镜下观察胆囊壁的正常结构受到不同程度的破坏，代之以特征性肉芽肿性结构。由大量泡沫样组织细胞，急慢性炎症细胞，纤维母细胞，异物巨细胞和Touton巨细胞等组成。结论 XGC的临床表现难与一般的慢性胆囊炎，胆石症或胆囊癌鉴别，但多有慢性胆囊炎急性发作表现，确诊需依赖病理检查。     

Intraluminal papillary carcinoma of the gallbladder: Prognostic value of computed tomography and sonography

Twenty-seven consecutive cases with a prospective diagnosis of cancer of the gallbladder were analyzed to clarify the computed tomographic (CT) and ultrasonographic features, behavior, and prognosis of intraluminal papillary carcinoma (n=7) of the organ. With CT and ultrasonography, these intraluminal carcinomas were further classified into 3 subtypes: single polyp, multiple polyp, and jam-packed gallbladder. Preoperative diagnosis, evaluation of local invasiveness, and detection of metastatic lesions were reliably done. Carcinomas of this type were locally less invasive, less frequently metastasized, and resulted in a longer survival than the other massive and thickened-wall carcinomas.     

Segmental chronic cholecystitis: sonographic findings and clinical manifestations

Background: In chronic cholecystitis, the gallbladder (GB) wall is usually evenly involved, whereas marked segmental thickening of the GB wall (segmental cholecystitis) seldom is reported. We wanted to define its clinical manifestations and sonographic (US) findings. Methods: We reviewed the clinical and US data of 13 cases and compared these results with those of 30 patients with chronic cholecystitis with evenly thickened GB walls (usual-cholecystitis group). Results: (a) All cases of segmental cholecystitis showed the portion distal to the kinking to be markedly thickened. (b) The thickened portion corresponded to the fundus in three cases, the body and fundus in seven cases, and the fundus, body, and infundibulum in three cases; and the thickened distal portion contained many stones in 11 cases. (c) There was no difference in the maximal diameters of the GB walls between the segmental-cholecystitis group and the usual-cholecystitis group. However, there was a significant difference in the minimal diameters of the GB walls between groups. Conclusion: Knowledge of the US findings and clinical presentations of segmental cholecystitis can help in the development of appropriate diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Received: 22 February 2001/Accepted: 21 March 2001