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探讨提高乳头凹陷产妇母乳喂养成功率的方法 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
乳头凹陷的产妇常因先天条件不足,思想负担较重,婴儿的无效吸吮等因素乳汁分泌不畅,产妇乳房胀痛,可能会导致乳腺炎,乳头皲裂,给产妇造成痛苦,并影响产后母乳喂养。自2006年6月—2007年10月,我们采用乳头保护器让婴儿吸吮40例,通过做乳头伸展及牵拉,同期婴儿直接吸吮凹陷乳头40例,以提高乳头凹陷产妇母乳喂养成功率,现将结果报道如下。 相似文献
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[目的]探讨围生期应用健康教育路径对产妇进行健康教育促进产妇乳汁分泌和母乳喂养的临床效果。[方法]将471例住院产妇分为两组,实验组采用健康教育路径进行健康教育,对照组采取传统的教育方式进行健康教育。[结果]实施健康教育路径增强了护士的责任心和护理服务的时效性,保证了皮肤接触及早吸吮、早开奶的质量,加强并巩固吸吮反射,使产妇72h内开始泌乳者达到100.00%,母乳喂养效果明显高于对照组。[结论]围生期实施健康教育路径可促进产妇乳汁分泌,减少新生儿生理性体重下降,提高母乳喂养质量。 相似文献
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早期挤乳刺激对保证母乳喂养的作用 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
目的探讨剖宫产产妇最初2d因各种原因导致未做到充分有效的吸吮采用挤乳刺激对保证3天以后母乳喂养成功的作用。方法选择剖宫产术的产妇160例,随机分成2组,每组80例。对照组:当婴儿吸吮次数24h大于6次,不采用挤乳刺激;实验组:当婴儿吸吮次数24h少于6次,即给予挤乳刺激2-3次,每次20~30min,使之保证乳房得到婴儿吸吮和挤乳刺激能达到24h8次。结果实验组产妇较对照组产妇术后72h乳汁较充足,纯母乳喂养率高,乳胀发生率低(p〈0.05)。结论早期婴儿吸吮次数不够时给予2-3次挤乳刺激,使产妇乳房能得到24h内8次的婴儿吸吮和挤乳刺激,能有效地促进乳汁分泌,减低乳胀发生,提高剖宫产产妇的纯母乳喂养率。 相似文献
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[目的]探讨围生期应用健康教育路径对产妇进行健康教育促进产妇乳汁分泌和母乳喂养的临床效果.[方法]将471例住院产妇分为两组,实验组采用健康教育路径进行健康教育,对照组采取传统的教育方式进行健康教育.[结果]实施健康教育路径增强了护士的责任心和护理服务的时效性,保证了皮肤接触及早吸吮、早开奶的质量,加强并巩固吸吮反射,使产妇72 h内开始泌乳者达到100.00%,母乳喂养效果明显高于对照组.[结论]围生期实施健康教育路径可促进产妇乳汁分泌,减少新生儿生理性体重下降,提高母乳喂养质量. 相似文献
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临床上产妇分娩后2~7d,乳汁分秘较多,而有少部分产妇由于乳头凹陷或过短,婴儿无法吸吮出乳汁,导致大量乳汁淤积甚至发生乳腺炎,而婴儿则不能实现纯母乳喂养。以前通常采用食指和拇指握住乳头根部,轻轻向上提拉使乳头突出,每日进行10余次,或用吸奶器吸出乳汁,以及用热毛巾湿敷乳房,按摩后行人工挤奶,常常使产妇痛苦不堪。为此我科自2005年对48例产妇用婴儿奶嘴罩在乳头上让婴儿吸吮,取得满意效果。 相似文献
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S Kaojarern M Feldman C T Richardson D C Brater 《Clinical pharmacology and therapeutics》1981,29(2):198-202
Tiotidine and cimetidine kinetics and dynamics were compared to assess mechanisms of the longer duration of effect of tiotidine in man. Both drugs has similar lag times for absorption. Tiotidine with a meal was more slowly absorbed than when fasting and was also more slowly absorbed than cimetidine with a meal. The elimination rates for both drugs did not differ; they were both approximately 2 to 3 hr. Oral doses of cimetidine achieved areas under the plasma concentration curve approximately three times that of tiotidine but these concentrations were only 1/10 as potent. The cimetidine concentration inducing 50% inhibition of food-stimulated gastric acid secretion was 0.41 +/- 0.04 whereas it was 0.04 +/- 0.003 microgram/ml for tiotidine. The effect of tiotidine lasted longer than that of cimetidine because the doses recommended for use in man resulted in higher concentrations in plasma relative to effective concentration than clinical doses of cimetidine. 相似文献
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Jan R Linkenhoker Tanya H Burkholder CG Garry Linton April Walden Kim A Abusakran-Monday Ana P Rosero Charmaine J Foltz 《Journal of the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science》2010,49(3):344-351
The goal of this study was to identify an injectable anesthetic protocol that provides sedation sufficient for peripheral vascular catheterization, intubation, and transport while minimizing cardiovascular changes in Yorkshire and Yucatan pigs with and without cardiovascular injury and intervention (CI). Phase 1 examined the safety and efficacy of acepromazine–ketamine, diazepam–ketamine, midazolam–ketamine, and medetomidine–ketamine in 5 healthy Yorkshire pigs. For each drug combination, we obtained multiple measurements of heart rate, blood pressure, respiratory rate, temperature, sedation score, ability to catheterize and intubate, and recovery score. Phase 2 evaluated and refined the dose of the most effective Phase 1 anesthetic combination (midazolam–ketamine) in healthy and CI Yorkshire pigs (n = 53 trials). Phase 3 mirrored Phase 2 but tested midazolam–ketamine in healthy and CI Yucatan pigs (n = 34 trials). Midazolam (0.5 mg/kg)–ketamine (25 to 27 mg/kg) was the most effective anesthetic combination in healthy Yorkshire pigs, but this dose was less effective in healthy Yucatan pigs and CI Yorkshire and Yucatan pigs. Midazolam–ketamine resulted in tachycardia and apnea more frequently in CI pigs than healthy pigs. This combination also caused vomiting in one CI Yucatan pig. Overall, midazolam–ketamine provided safe and effective sedation for catheterization and intubation of both healthy and CI pigs. This study suggests Yucatan pigs may require a higher dose midazolam–ketamine to achieve the same level of sedation as that in Yorkshire pigs. Although anesthetic complication rates were higher in CI pigs, our results indicate that midazolam–ketamine can be safely used for sedation of both pig breeds with and without CI.Abbreviation: CI, cardiovascular injury and interventionPigs (Sus scrofa) are common models of cardiovascular injury and intervention (CI) that largely have replaced traditional canine cardiology models. Advantages of swine compared with dogs include anatomic and physiologic characteristics similar to humans, such as similar coronary artery distribution and effective collateralized blood flow to the myocardium after coronary artery blockage.23 However, pigs are difficult to restrain and anesthetize due to their size and resistance to sedative drug combinations, including those with morphine.24 Injectable sedative drugs may result in cardiovascular and respiratory effects such as increased cardiac work and oxygen consumption, tachycardia, bradycardia, apnea, hypertension, and hypotension.5,6,8-12,14,19,20,25-29 These side effects can pose considerable problems for CI pigs, and anesthesia protocols with minimal effects on cardiovascular function are needed. A literature review revealed no published studies of anesthetic protocols in swine with existing cardiovascular injury; published research is limited to investigating anesthesia protocols for experimental induction of CI or determining in vitro and in vivo drug effects on healthy cardiovascular systems.4-6,8-12,14,19-21,25-29 Other published studies have limited investigations to studying sedative and physiologic effects in healthy Yorkshire, Yucatan, mixed-breed, Landrace, and Gottingen miniature swine.2,3,10,13,17,18,20-22We conducted the current study to address the need for a systematic investigation of anesthetic protocols in CI Yorkshire and Yucatan pigs. The goals of this study were to determine an injectable-only anesthetic protocol for both Yorkshire and Yucatan pigs that yielded sufficient sedation for peripheral vascular catheterization, sufficient duration for transport, and minimal cardiovascular effects while being safe and effective for CI pigs. 相似文献