虚拟现实技术联合重复经颅磁刺激治疗帕金森病轻度认知障碍的临床疗效观察

目的:探讨虚拟现实技术联合重复经颅磁刺激对帕金森病患者轻度认知障碍的临床疗效。方法:将帕金森病患者64例随机分成对照组和观察组各32例,对照组予以常规认知训练和重复经颅磁刺激治疗,观察组予以虚拟现实技术联合重复经颅磁刺激治疗,并在治疗前、治疗8周后,采用蒙特利尔认知测试(MoCA)、简易精神状态检查(MMSE)、统一帕金森病评分量表第三分量表(UPDRSⅢ)、改良Barthel指数评定量表(MBI)对患者的认知功能和日常生活活动能力进行评定,并采用帕金森病生存质量问卷(PDQ-39)总评分评价临床疗效。结果:治疗8周后,2组MMSE评分较治疗前均有明显提高(P<0.01),组间MMSE评分的比较仅记忆力在治疗后观察组优于对照组(P<0.05),余亚项及总分的比较均无统计学意义;观察组视空间与执行功能、记忆评分及MoCA总评分较治疗前均明显提高(P<0.01),注意评分较治疗前提高(P<0.05),且治疗后观察组视空间与执行功能、记忆评分及MoCA总评分明显优于对照组(P<0.01),注意评分在治疗后优于对照组(P<0.05)。2组MBI评分较治疗前均...     

非侵入性脑部刺激技术改善认知障碍的研究进展

非侵入性脑部刺激技术(NIBS)作为一种安全、新型的治疗技术,在改善脑卒中、帕金森病、阿尔茨海默病等器质性或非器质性疾病引起的认知功能障碍中均显示出较好的应用前景。近年来重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)临床应用和临床研究较多,改善认知功能障碍效果相对明确,经颅直流电刺激(tDCS)与经颅交流电刺激(tACS)的应用研究也展现出较大的潜力。三者无论是单独治疗或联合治疗均显示出可改善认知功能的效果。其治疗模式选择、参数设置、联合治疗方案是治疗效果的关键要素,需要个体化治疗设计。本文结合三者改善认知功能的作用机制、临床效果、刺激参数、新型刺激模式、安全性等进行综合分析与比较,展望其未来的临床应用前景。     

重复经颅磁刺激联合认知训练治疗脑卒中后认知障碍的疗效观察

目的:观察重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)联合计算机辅助认知训练对脑卒中后认知障碍(PSCI)患者认知功能及日常生活活动(ADL)能力的影响。方法:将90例脑卒中后认知障碍患者随机分为认知训练组、rTMS组及联合治疗组各30例。3组均接受基础药物治疗和常规康复治疗,认知训练组予计算机辅助认知训练,rTMS组予rTMS治疗,联合治疗组在计算机认知训练基础上辅以rTMS治疗。于治疗前、治疗4周后采用简易智力状态检查量表(MMSE)、蒙特利尔认知评估量表(MoCA)对3组认知功能改善情况进行评定,采用改良Barthel指数(MBI)评估3组ADL能力改善情况。结果:治疗前3组的MMSE、MoCA及MBI评分组间差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗4周后,3组的MMSE、MoCA及MBI评分均较治疗前有明显改善(P0.05);且联合治疗组的MMSE评分、MoCA评分、MBI评分均优于认知训练组、rTMS组(P0.05)。结论:在计算机辅助认知训练基础上辅以rTMS治疗能有效改善脑卒中患者认知功能及ADL能力。     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗脑卒中后认知障碍病例报道1例

目的分析1例重复经颅磁刺激治疗脑卒中后认知障碍的病例,以期为卒中后认知障碍(PSCI)的临床治疗提供参考。方法给予该PSCI患者基础药物治疗,在此基础上应用重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)治疗。比较治疗前、后的简易精神状态评价量表(MMSE)、日常生活能力(ADL)评定量表评分。结果16次规范治疗后,患者的MMSE评分由13分提升到26分;ADL评定量表评分从25分提升到60分。结论本病例研究发现,rTMS治疗PSCI患者的临床效果显著,但起效缓慢,早期疗效不明显,最佳治疗周期尚需进一步研究。     

重复经颅磁刺激在认知功能障碍康复中的作用

经颅磁刺激（transcranial magnetic stimulation,TMS）是Barker于1985年创立的运动诱发电位的检测方法,重复经颅磁刺激（repetitive TMS,rTMS）是1992年在TMS基础上发展起来的新的神经电生理技术,能影响局部和远隔皮层功能,实现皮层功能区域性重建,影响多种神经递质和基因表达水平等;目前正逐渐用于治疗方面的研究,已证明对重症抑郁和运动功能障碍等有确切疗效[1-2].     

经颅磁刺激治疗脑卒中后认知功能障碍患者的疗效观察

目的 观察重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）对脑卒中后认知功能障碍患者认知功能及日常生活活动（ADL）能力的影响。 方法 采用随机数字表法将30例脑卒中后认知障碍患者分为观察组及对照组,每组15例。2组患者均给予计算机认知康复训练,观察组患者在此基础上辅以重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）治疗。于治疗前、治疗20d采用简易精神状态量表（MMSE）及洛文斯顿作业疗法认知评定量表（LOTCA）对2组患者认知功能改善情况进行评定,采用改良Barthel指数（MBI）评定2组患者ADL能力改善情况。 结果 治疗前2组患者MMSE、LOTCA及MBI评分组间差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05)。2组患者分别经20d治疗后,发现其MMSE、LOTCA及MBI评分均较治疗前明显改善(P<0.05);并且治疗后观察组患者MMSE评分［(25.4±2.3)］、MBI评分［（68.1±16.1)分］及LOTCA知觉、思维能力评分［分别为(11.60±2.92)分和(16.93±2.26)分］均显著优于对照组,组间差异均具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 在计算机认知训练基础上辅以rTMS能进一步改善脑卒中患者认知功能及ADL能力,对促进患者早日回归家庭及社会具有重要意义,该联合疗法值得临床推广、应用。     

重复经颅磁刺激治疗轻度认知障碍疗效的Meta分析

目的 探讨重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）对轻度认知障碍（MCI）患者的认知改善作用。 方法 检索2019年3月之前所有已发表在PubMed、Cochrane Library、Embase、Web of Science、中国知网、万方数据和维普数据库的有关rTMS治疗MCI患者的随机对照试验研究文献,筛查纳入9篇文献368例MCI患者,利用系统评价Meta分析方法合并认知功能、情景记忆能力、词语流畅性、脑电图P300参数结局变量。 结果 与伪刺激相比,rTMS刺激能有效改善MCI患者的总体认知功能蒙特利尔认知评估量表（MoCA）评分（SMD=1.54,P=0.0009）、情景记忆能力（SMD=0.78,P＜0.0001）、词语流畅性（MD=2.08, P=0.01）,降低MCI患者脑电图顶中线区（Pz）的P300潜伏期（SMD=-0.44,P=0.02）和增加P300波幅（SMD=2.04,P＜0.00001）。但与伪刺激相比,rTMS治疗对MCI患者记忆商的改变差异无统计学意义（SMD=0.43, P=0.28）;rTMS联合盐酸多奈哌齐与单独使用盐酸多奈哌齐相比,对MCI患者记忆商（SMD=0.32, P=0.33）和P300潜伏期（SMD=-0.14, P=0.68）差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。rTMS具有较好的耐受性,虽然相对对照组而言,rTMS治疗组较易出现不良反应（RR=2.20,P=0.005）,但不良反应主要表现为轻微头晕、头皮疼痛等,且大多在1~2 h内缓解,无明显其它不良反应。 结论 rTMS治疗可以有效改善MCI患者的认知功能和情景记忆能力,且具有较好的耐受性。     

经颅磁刺激和康复训练对脑梗死认知障碍影响

脑血管病是成人致残的主要原因,脑梗死约占70%,临床的治疗一直集中在降低病死率和促进躯体功能恢复方面,而脑梗死后认知障碍影响患者躯体、行为和情绪等方面的康复,     

类风湿关节炎患者康复功能锻炼的研究进展

类风湿关节炎(Rheumatoid arthritis,RA)是以侵蚀性、对称性多关节炎为主要表现的慢性、全身性自身免疫性疾病,最终发展为关节畸形和功能丧失,并损害心、肺、肾、神经等器官[1]。我国RA的发病率为0.32%~0.36%。该病具有病程长、复发率高、致残率高等特点,在临床上又被称为“不死癌症”[2],严重危害患者健康。该病治疗的目的是缓解疼痛,提高关节活动度,阻止残疾的发生。     

Assessing qualitative research in rehabilitation: guidelines from the society for research in rehabilitation

There are numerous contested issues in qualitative research, and its findings are difficult to condense. Thus, short, qualitative research abstracts are difficult both to compile and evaluate. The Society for Research in Rehabilitation has produced guidelines that aim to illuminate and inform the development and judging of such abstracts. These draw on an extensive Health Technology Assessment review of qualitative methods in health services research.     

Advances in oncology care: targeted therapies

The start of the 21st century has produced advances in cancer care that have improved both survival rates and quality of life for many persons diagnosed with cancer. Targeted therapy has given new hope for controlling cancer as a chronic illness. Alone, or in combination with traditional therapies such as surgery, radiation, and/or chemotherapy, this new form of therapy targets malignant cells, halting tumor growth and the potential metastatic spread of disease. Toxicities are limited, but some are serious and may require intensive care. It is imperative for the experienced critical care nurse to have an understanding of these new treatment options and those on the horizon, as these therapies are the future of cancer care. Whereas in previous decades, patients with cancer may not have survived an intensive care admission for treatment complications or advanced disease, many patients now are recovering from life-threatening events, continuing treatment for their disease, and going on to live meaningful, good-quality lives.     

冠心病康复护理的研究进展

冠心病是一种常见的心脏病,其发生率和病死率较高.据世界卫生组织(WHO)估计:到2020年左右,我国会迎来心血管疾病(主要为冠心病)的"流行"顶峰.     

Issues in the federal funding of rehabilitation research

An allocation model for funding health research is the framework for highlighting issues concerned with the federal financing of research related to the rehabilitation of handicapped individuals. Discussion focuses upon the policies and practices of the National Institute of Handicapped Research (NIHR) because of its prominent role among the federal agencies that support rehabilitation research. Separate consideration is given to the influence of the 1978 amendments to the Rehabilitation Act, the National Council on the Handicapped, the NIHR long-range plan, the Interagency Committee for Handicapped Research, and procedures for establishing NIHR's annual priorities. NIHR's conduct of peer review is critically reviewed, as is the agency's history of annual appropriations. Reasons are discussed why rehabilitation research has been inadequately funded, and steps are recommended for increasing its federal support.     

Dependent variables in rehabilitation research

It is important that rehabilitation professionals use appropriate techniques to evaluate their treatments. False, contradictory, diverse, and misleading interpretations can be obtained depending on how dependent variables in treatment outcome research are quantified. This report describes an evaluation of a single-subject investigation that used a push-up timer for teaching pressure relief maneuvers. Results are analyzed four separate ways, and can be taken to support three quite different conclusions. This illustrates that investigators should carefully select procedures of analysis before initiating a study to avoid having to make a post hoc and potentially biased selection of which mode(s) of data analysis and presentation is most appropriate. However, such an a priori selection of analysis does not relieve investigators of the responsibility for analyzing their data from different perspectives and discussing alternate or contradictory interpretations.     

Advances in drug development for targeted therapies for glioblastoma

Glioblastoma is the most aggressive primary brain tumor in adults. The prognosis of patients with primary glioblastoma treated with the current standard of care, tumor resection followed by radiation therapy and auxiliary temozolomide, remains poor. Integrative genomic analyses have identified essential core signaling pathways and frequent genetic aberrations, which provide potential drug targets for glioblastoma treatment. Drugs against these therapeutic targets have been developed rapidly in recent years. Although some have shown promising effects on models in preclinical studies, many have shown only modest efficacy in clinical trials. New therapeutic strategies and potent drugs are urgently needed to improve the prognosis of patients with glioblastoma. The goal of this review is to summarize the current advances in drug development for targeted glioblastoma therapies and to reveal the major challenges encountered in clinical trials or treatment. This study will provide new perspectives for future studies of targeted therapeutic drug development and provide insights into the clinical treatment of glioblastoma.