脑性瘫痪儿童精细运动功能评估量表的心理测量学特性研究

目的分析0—3岁脑性瘫痪儿童精细运动功能评估量表（FMFM）的信度、效度和反应度等心理测量学特性。方法共有375名0—3岁脑性瘫痪儿童参加了此项研究，分析FMFM精细运动能力分值的重测信度与评定员之间信度（等级相关系数分析）、平行效度（与PDMS-FM原始分的Pearson相关分析）、结构效度（样组间差异分析）和反应度（效应尺度）。结果FMFM量表精细运动能力分值具有良好的重测信度（ICC=0．9833）和评定员之间信度（ICC=0．9924）；与PDMS-FM量表原始分之间的相关系数为0．9199：能有效地区分同一偏瘫儿童健患侧上肢精细运动能力分值之间差异，同时也能有效地区分相同月龄段双瘫和四肢瘫儿童精细运动能力之间的差异；此外本量表具有较好的效应尺度。结论FMFM量表具有良好的信度、效度和反应度，可以有效地评定脑性瘫痪儿童精细运动能力。     

全功能动态矫正衣对痉挛型脑性瘫痪患儿的临床疗效

目的:观察全功能动态矫正衣对痉挛型脑性瘫痪(简称脑瘫)患儿的临床疗效。方法:将符合纳入标准的痉挛型脑瘫患随机分为2组,每组30例,对照组采用运动学分析评估及康复训练方法,治疗组在运动学分析评估及康复训练方法基础上增加全功能动态矫正衣。在康复治疗2个月前后,采用Berg平衡量表(Berg Balance Scale,BBS)、粗大运动功能测试量表(Gross Motor Function Measure,GMFM)分别评定平衡能力和粗大运动能力。结果:治疗前2组的BBS,GMFM,精细运动功能评估量表(Fine Motor Function Measure Scale,FMFM)评分差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。治疗后,治疗组BBS评分为12.28±2.26,GMFM评分为68.16±16.6,FMFM评分为113.57±19.06,较对照组显著提高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:运动学分析评估及康复训练方法配合全功能动态矫正衣能提高痉挛型脑瘫患儿平衡能力与粗大运动功能。     

不同类型脑性瘫痪儿童粗大运动功能的差异及对策

目的：通过对3—7岁的痉挛型和手足徐动型脑性瘫痪（CP）患儿的运动障碍特点进行分析和干预，以探讨该年龄段痉挛型和手足徐动型CP患儿粗大运动功能的差异及对策。方法：对27例痉挛型脑瘫患儿（A组）及12例手足徐动型脑瘫患儿（B组）在人选时及治疗6个月后，分别应用粗大运动功能测量量表（GMFM）进行测量，比较两组人选时，6个月后以及治疗前后各功能区评分的改变。结果：A组患儿在GMFM量表B区、C区、D区、E区得分及总分均较B组为高，A组患儿GMFM涉及上肢的和不涉及上肢的任务的平均分、动态任务的平均分均较B组为高，两组患儿治疗后均较治疗前有改善，差异有显著性（P〈0．05）；两组患儿GMFM静态任务平均分，治疗前后各区得分和总分改变量差异无显著性（P〉0．05）。结论：痉挛型和手足徐动型CP患儿的粗大运动功能表现不同．手足徐动型脑瘫患儿粗大运动功能障碍较痉挛型为重，对于不同类型的脑瘫患儿需针对其运动障碍特点采取不同治疗方式及对策。     

粗大运动功能分类系统和痉挛型脑性瘫痪儿童高危因素相关性分析

目的：探讨粗大运动功能分类系统（GMFCS）与痉挛型脑性瘫痪儿童高危因素的相关性。方法：收集2004年2月—2007年2月于北京儿童医院神经康复中心治疗的116名痉挛型脑瘫儿童的基本信息和高危因素，应用GMFCS对粗大运动能力进行分级。使用多元逐步回归方法进行相关性分析。结果：116例痉挛型脑性瘫痪儿童中孕龄<37周的早产儿70例（62.5%），<2500g的低出生体重60例（54.5%），出生窒息46例（39.7%），孕期感染27例（23.3%），双胎16例（13.8%），早产合并低出生体重为进入回归方程的变量，回归方程有意义（P<0.001）。结论：早产合并低出生体重与GMFCS相关，更倾向于发展为GMFCSⅢ。出生窒息、孕期感染和双胎与GMFCS无关。     

任务导向性训练对脑性瘫痪高危儿运动功能的影响

目的:探讨任务导向性训练(TOT)对脑瘫高危儿运动功能的影响。方法:选取2019年3月—2019年12月哈尔滨市儿童医院住院康复治疗的脑瘫高危儿患儿83例,随机分为观察组43例,对照组40例。两组早期干预治疗均采用常规康复治疗,观察组增加任务导向性训练。干预治疗前及12周后,采用粗大运动功能评定量表(GMFM)、精细运动功能评定量表(FMFM)、Peabody运动发育量表(PDMS-2)的粗大运动商(GMQ)、精细运动商(FMQ)评定儿童的运动功能。结果:治疗后两组患儿的GMFM、GMQ、FMFM、FMQ评分与治疗前相比较均有显著性差异(P0.05),治疗后观察组的GMFM、GMQ、FMFM、FMQ评分均明显高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:TOT能更好提高脑瘫高危儿的运动功能,脑瘫高危儿早期干预可以取得较好疗效。     

引导式教育结合推拿对重度脑瘫患儿活动能力的影响

目的分析引导式教育与推拿治疗相结合对重度脑瘫患儿活动能力的影响。方法 2010年4月~2010年10月上海市徐汇区致康康健园接受康复治疗的11例脑瘫患儿参加本研究,其中男性7例,女性4例;痉挛型四肢瘫7例,痉挛型双瘫1例,徐动型2例,肌张力障碍型1例;年龄4.7~11.9岁,平均7.47岁。患儿随机分成两组:A组(n=5)前3个月进行引导式教育和推拿治疗,后3个月进行常规物理治疗;B组(n=6)前3个月进行常规物理治疗,后3个月进行引导式教育和推拿治疗。引导式教育结合推拿治疗期间称为干预期,常规物理治疗期间称为对照期。分别采用粗大运动功能测试量表(GMFM)和精细运动功能测试量表(FMFM)进行粗大运动功能和精细运动功能测试,采用能力低下儿童评定量表(PEDI)进行日常生活能力测试,比较引导式教育结合推拿与常规物理治疗在提高脑瘫患儿活动能力方面的疗效差异。结果干预期的GMFM分值和FMFM分值上升或呈上升趋势(P<0.05),而在对照期呈下降趋势。差值比较,GMFM分值变化无显著性差异;而FMFM分值变化有显著性差异,且干预期高于对照期(P<0.05)。PEDI各项分值变化无显著性差异。结论与常规物理治疗相比引导式教育结合推拿治疗可能会提高重度脑瘫患儿的精细运动功能。     

头针配合运动疗法治疗痉挛型脑性瘫痪的疗效观察

目的 观察头针配合运动疗法治疗痉挛型脑性瘫痪的疗效.方法 将80例痉挛型脑瘫患儿随机分为观察组和对照组,每组40例.观察组采用头针配合运动疗法治疗,对照组只采用运动疗法治疗.治疗3个月后比较两组的小儿功能独立性评定(WeeFIM)和粗大运动功能测试量表(GMFM)评分.结果 治疗期间所有患儿均无不良反应.观察组WeeFIM评分、GMFM评分均优于对照组(P<0.05).结论 头针能促进运动疗法改善痉挛型脑瘫患儿的肢体运动功能的效果.     

抗痉挛治疗改善脑性瘫痪患儿大运动功能的作用

目的：探讨抗痉挛治疗对脑性瘫痪肢体运动功能的影响。方法：将50例小儿脑性瘫痪患儿用随机数字表分为治疗组25例，对照组25例。治疗组接受以上田法为主的抗痉挛治疗和神经发育疗法；对照组只接受神经发育疗法，采用大运动评价表(gross motor function measure，GMFM)进行功能评定及修订的Ashworth量表(Ashworth s measure，MAS)评定痉挛程度。结果：治疗组MAS评分为0．92&;#177;1．08，对照组评分为1．56&;#177;1．23，两组比较差异有显著性意义(t=1．78，P&;lt;0．05)。两组1～5功能区GMFM评分比较，差异均有非常显著性意义(t=3．17～5．32，P&;lt;0．05)。结论：抗痉挛治疗是改善肢体运动功能及痉挛程度的有效手段。     

脑瘫儿童精细运动功能测试量表的效度和反应度研究

目的:分析脑瘫患儿精细运动功能测试(FMFM)量表的效度和反应度。方法:共有612例大于6个月的脑瘫患儿参加了本研究,男423例(69.1%),女189例(30.9%);平均年龄(30.6±25.5)个月;其中痉挛型四肢瘫224例(36.6%)、痉挛型双瘫208例(34.0%)、痉挛型偏瘫122例(包括2例单瘫)(19.9%)、徐动型30例(4.9%),肌张力障碍型20例(3.3%),共济失调型8例(1.3%)。分析FMFM量表精细运动能力分值的平行效度(与PDMS-FM原始分的Pearson相关分析)、结构效度(样组间差异分析)和反应度(效应尺度)。结果:FMFM量表精细运动能力分值PDMS-FM量表原始分之间的相关系数为0.95;能有效地区分同一偏瘫患儿健侧和患侧上肢精细运动能力分值之间差异,同时也能有效地区分相同月龄段双瘫和四肢瘫患儿精细运动能力之间的差异;此外本量表具有较好的效应尺度。结论:FMFM量表具有良好的效度和反应度,可以有效地评定脑瘫患儿精细运动能力。     

易化区神经肌肉电刺激治疗改善痉挛型脑性瘫痪患儿运动能力观察

目的:观察易化区神经肌肉电刺激治疗对改善痉挛型脑性瘫痪(脑瘫)患儿运动能力的疗效。方法:选择48名痉挛型脑瘫患儿,将其分为试验组28例和普通治疗组20例,均进行常规康复训练,试验组添加易化区神经肌肉电刺激治疗,连续4周。治疗前后均采用下列评估:①临床痉挛指数(CSI);②粗大运动功能量表(GMFM)中站(D区)和走跑跳(E区)2项;③行走速度。结果:与治疗前比较,2组患儿治疗后的CSI评分、GMFM中D、E区分值及行走速度,都有明显改善(P<0.01);组间相比,治疗后的CSI评分、GMFM中D、E区分值及行走速度,均有明显差异(P<0.05)。结论:易化区神经肌肉电刺激治疗可以显著改善痉挛型脑瘫患儿的运动能力。     

Gross motor function measure for children with cerebral palsy

The aim of this study was to compare the pattern of motor dysfunction in Hong Kong Chinese children with spastic diplegic and the athetoid type of cerebral palsy (CP) by the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). The GMFM was first tested on its content validity in differentiating the items suitable for testing on upper and lower limb function, followed by test-retest and inter-rater reliability studies, before it was used in a within-subject experiment comparing upper and lower gross motor function in two types of CP, respectively. Children with spastic diplegia (n=18) and with athetosis (n=19) were recruited from three pre-school centres, schools for physically handicapped children and centres of the Hong Kong Spastic Association in Hong Kong. The GMFM, a standardized outcome measure of the motor function in children with CP, was used in comparing mean scores of motor tasks involving upper limbs and those not involving upper limbs in the athetoid and spastic cerebral palsied children. The scores were significantly higher for the children in the spastic diplegic group, but there was no significant difference in the performance of static and dynamic motor tasks of the GMFM between the children in the two groups.     

Validation of a model of gross motor function for children with cerebral palsy

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Development of gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy (CP) has not been documented. The purposes of this study were to examine a model of gross motor function in children with CP and to apply the model to construct gross motor function curves for each of the 5 levels of the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS). SUBJECTS: A stratified sample of 586 children with CP, 1 to 12 years of age, who reside in Ontario, Canada, and are known to rehabilitation centers participated. METHODS: Subjects were classified using the GMFCS, and gross motor function was measured with the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). Four models were examined to construct curves that described the nonlinear relationship between age and gross motor function. RESULTS: The model in which both the limit parameter (maximum GMFM score) and the rate parameter (rate at which the maximum GMFM score is approached) vary for each GMFCS level explained 83% of the variation in GMFM scores. The predicted maximum GMFM scores differed among the 5 curves (level I=96.8, level II=89.3, level III=61.3, level IV=36.1, and level V=12.9). The rate at which children at level II approached their maximum GMFM score was slower than the rates for levels I and III. The correlation between GMFCS levels and GMFM scores was (.91. Logistic regression, used to estimate the probability that children with CP are able to achieve gross motor milestones based on their GMFM total scores, suggests that distinctions between GMFCS levels are clinically meaningful. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: Classification of children with CP based on functional abilities and limitations is predictive of gross motor function, whereas age alone is a poor predictor. Evaluation of gross motor function of children with CP by comparison with children of the same age and GMFCS level has implications for decision making and interpretation of intervention outcomes.     

粗大运动功能测试量表与Peabody粗大运动发育量表在脑性瘫痪康复疗效评估中的应用

目的比较粗大运动功能测试量表 (GMFM )与Peabody粗大运动发育量表 (PDMS GM )两种粗大运动评估方法在脑瘫康复疗效评估中的应用价值。方法用GMFM和PDMS GM两种方法对 2 9例脑瘫儿童进行 3次评估 ,用t检验分析GMFM月相对百分比与PDMS GM月相对百分比之间的差异。结果GMFM的月相对百分比与PDMS GM的月相对百分比之间有显著性差异。结论GMFM的评估结果比PDMS GM更有利于疗效判断     

Prospective longitudinal study of gross motor function in children with cerebral palsy

OBJECTIVES: To describe the course of gross motor function over 2 years in children with cerebral palsy (CP) aged 9 to 15 years, and to investigate its relationship with impairments and age. DESIGN: Prospective cohort study. SETTING: Rehabilitation department of a university medical center in the Netherlands. PARTICIPANTS: Seventy boys and 40 girls with CP (mean age +/- standard deviation, 11.2+/-1.7y). INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: The Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). RESULTS: GMFM item scores were stable over the 2 years for the whole group. No difference was found in the course of GMFM item scores between the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) levels. We found significant differences in the course of GMFM item scores (corrected for GMFCS) for the different levels of limb distribution, selective motor control, muscle strength, range of motion in the hip and knee, spasticity of the hamstrings, and type of education. There were significantly larger decreases in the more severely affected children. Multivariable analysis showed that a poor selective motor control was the most important determinant of a less favorable course of gross motor function. CONCLUSIONS: Some impairment characteristics may be used to identify children who are at risk for deterioration in gross motor function, and may serve as a guide for interventions.     

“医教结合”的家庭康复对重度脑瘫患儿运动功能的疗效初探

目的：初步探讨采用“医教结合”的家庭康复模式对重度脑瘫患儿运动功能促进的有效性。方法重度脑瘫患儿3名（男2例,女1例）,由专业康复机构医师和治疗师定期进行康复评估和治疗方案制订,并对家长（照料者）和特殊教育学校教师进行指导与培训,开展家庭康复治疗。治疗前、后6个月采用粗大运动功能测试量表（ gross motor function measure , GMFM）、精细运动功能测试量表（ fine motor function measure scale ,FMFM）对患儿的粗大和精细运动功能进行评估。结果治疗6个月后,GMFM66项总分、GMFM88项坐位、爬与跪两项和FMFM能力分均高于治疗前,差异具有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。结论“医教结合”的家庭康复模式可以发挥医学康复和特殊教育的共同促进作用,充分利用家庭康复资源,从而有效改善脑瘫患儿运动功能。     

肌内效贴联合运动控制训练对脑瘫患儿运动功能影响的研究

目的:观察肌内效贴联合运动控制训练对痉挛型脑瘫双下肢痉挛及粗大运动功能的影响。方法:收集痉挛型脑瘫患儿58例,随机分为观察组和对照组各29例。对照组进行常规康复功能训练,观察组在对照组治疗基础上加用肌内效贴及运动控制治疗。2组患儿均于治疗前和治疗3个月后,采用踝关节被动活动范围(PROM)、改良Ashworth痉挛分级量表(MAS)、粗大运动功能量表(GMFM)中的D区、E区进行测定。结果:治疗后,2组患儿PROM角度、GMFM(D、E区)得分均较组内治疗前明显提高(P0.05),MAS评分明显降低(P0.05),观察组各项评分较对照组改善更为显著(P0.05)。结论:肌内效贴配合运动控制训练能有效缓解痉挛型脑瘫下肢痉挛并提高粗大运动功能。     

核心稳定性训练对痉挛型脑瘫患儿粗大运动功能及步行能力的影响

目的探讨核心稳定性训练对痉挛型脑瘫患儿粗大运动功能及步行能力的影响。方法痉挛型脑瘫患儿60例分为两组,对照组(n=30)只接受常规康复训练,试验组(n=30)接受常规的康复训练,在每次运动疗法训练中抽出10~15 min接受专门提高核心稳定性的训练。两组均治疗3个月。在康复治疗前后,分别采用粗大运动功能量表(GMFM-88)的D区、E区及足印分析法进行评估。结果两组治疗后GMFM的D区和E区评分、步长、步宽、步速均优于治疗前(P<0.05),试验组优于对照组(P<0.05)。结论核心稳定性训练结合常规康复训练有利于改善痉挛型脑瘫患儿的粗大运动功能及步行能力。     

Effect of treadmill training with body weight support on gait and gross motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy

OBJECTIVE: To examine the effect of treadmill training with body weight support (TBWS) on gait and gross motor function in children with spastic cerebral palsy (CP). DESIGN: Eight children with spastic CP participated in the study. Their temporal-distance gait parameters, Gross Motor Function Measure, muscle tone, and selective motor control were assessed three times: two times under their regular therapeutic treatment (condition A), and one time after receiving the TBWS treatment in addition to their regular therapeutic treatments (condition B). There were two treatment schedules, AAB and ABA. Except for the first one (taken at study entry), the assessments were always taken after 12 wks of treatment. The children were equally divided into two groups and randomly assigned to the two schedules. The two groups were matched according to category of the Gross Motor Function Classification System. RESULTS: The TBWS treatment significantly improved the children's gait (increases in stride length and decreases in double-limb support percentage of gait cycle) and their Gross Motor Function Measure (dimension D and E scores as well as the total score). No significant improvements on muscle tone or selective motor control were noted. CONCLUSIONS: The TBWS treatment improved some gait parameters and gross motor functions in children with spastic CP.