等速肌力训练对不完全腰髓损伤患者下肢运动功能和独立性的影响

目的:研究在常规康复治疗的基础上,应用等速肌力训练对腰髓不完全损伤患者进行运动训练的意义。方法:60例腰髓不完全损伤患者,随机分为治疗组(常规康复+等速肌力训练)和对照组(常规康复训练),每组各30例。在治疗前和治疗3个月后对两组患者进行徒手肌力评定(MMT)、等速肌力测试(峰力矩,PT)、峰力矩/体重比(PT/BW)、脊髓损伤步行指数(WISCIⅡ)、6min步行测试(6MWT)、10m步行时间(10MWT)及脊髓独立性评定(SCIMⅢ)。结果:治疗3个月后:两组患者所有下肢运动功能评定指标治疗后均较入选时改善(P0.01)。治疗组股四头肌峰力矩体重比(QF-PT/BW)、腘绳肌峰力矩体重比(H-PT/BW)、股四头肌峰力矩(QF-PT)、腘绳肌峰力矩(H-PT)评分显著优于对照组(P0.001),股四头肌徒手肌力分级(QF-MMT)、腘绳肌徒手肌力分级(H-MMT)差异无显著性(P0.05)。治疗3个月后:WISCIⅡ、SCIMⅢ、10MWT和6MWT评分均优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:等速肌力训练结合常规康复训练可显著提高腰段不完全脊髓损伤患者的下肢肌力、肌耐力、步行能力和功能独立性。     

重复经颅磁刺激对不完全性脊髓损伤患者的干预效果

目的 观察重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)对不完全性脊髓损伤患者运动功能的影响.方法 22例T5~T12节段脊髓损伤患者(ASCI C级)随机分为rTMS 组和对照组.12例rTMS组患者于Cz部位给予磁刺激,并接受康复训练;10例对照组患者仅进行康复训练.治疗前后比较ASIA运动评分、轻触觉评分、针刺觉评分,抗重力体位双下肢主动关节活动度(ROM),脊髓损伤步行指数Ⅱ(WISCIⅡ)和功能独立性评定(FIM).结果 rTMS组和对照组患者治疗前临床评价指标均无显著性差异(P>0.05);两组治疗后ASIA运动评分、双下肢ROM、FIM评分均有改善(P<0.05);rTMS组治疗后WISCIⅡ也有改善(P<0.05),且ASIA运动评分高于对照组(P<0.05).结论 rTMS可促进不完全性脊髓损伤患者的运动功能改善,提高步行功能.     

重量支撑平板步行训练对不完全脊髓损伤患者步行能力的影响

目的:研究重量支撑平板步行训练对不完全脊髓损伤(SCI)患者步行能力的影响.方法:20例胸段不完全SCI患者(分类为ASIA C或D)随机分为对照组与减重组各10例,均采用综合康复治疗,包括神经营养等药物,运动疗法,作业疗法及针刺等;减重组患者在身体条件许可的情况下及早接受重量支撑平板步行训练.治疗前后对2组患者进行ASIA下肢运动评分,FIM步行能力、10 m步行速度及ADL评定.结果:治疗3个月后,ASIA下肢运动功能评分与治疗前比较减重组明显提高(P<0.05),对照组无明显变化;而FIM步行能力、10 m步行速度及ADL能力2组均有提高(P<0.05),其中FIM步行能力及10 m步行速度减重组明显优于对照组(P<0.05).结论:重量支撑平板步行训练能显著提高不完全SCI患者的步行能力和步行速度.     

磁刺激对脊髓损伤后运动功能障碍的疗效观察

目的:观察经颅磁刺激(TMS)联合经脊髓受损下端神经根磁刺激对不完全性脊髓损伤(SCI)患者运动功能障碍的治疗效果。方法:40例美国脊髓损伤协会(ASIA)损伤分级B~C级SCI患者,随机分为观察组和对照组各20例。对照组接受常规康复治疗;观察组在此基础上加用磁刺激治疗。2组患者在治疗前后分别比较ASIA残损分级、ASIA运动评分、SCI步行指数Ⅱ(WISCIⅡ)和运动诱发电位(MEP)的潜伏期和波幅值。结果:治疗前后2组ASIA残损分级比较,差异均无统计学意义。治疗后,2组ASIA运动评分、WISCIⅡ分级均较治疗前明显提高(P0.05);观察组更优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗后MEP检查结果显示,2组潜伏期与治疗前相比均明显缩短(P0.01,0.05),且观察组优于对照组(P0.05);治疗后2组波幅与治疗前相比均无显著统计学差异。结论:TMS联合经脊髓受损下端神经根磁刺激与康复训练可进一步促进不完全性SCI患者的脊髓运动功能的恢复,效果优于单纯康复训练。     

下肢智能反馈训练系统对胸腰段脊髓损伤患者功能恢复的影响

目的:观察下肢智能反馈训练系统对胸腰段脊髓损伤患者下肢运动功能平衡功能、步行能力及日常生活活动能力恢复的影响。方法:将住院治疗的52例不完全性脊髓损伤的患者(损伤平面T10—L1,ASIA分级C级)随机分为治疗组和对照组,各26例。两组患者均给予常规康复治疗。在此基础上治疗组给予下肢智能反馈训练系统治疗,对照组给予普通站立床训练。在治疗前及治疗6周后,分别用ASIA下肢运动功能评定量表(ASIA-LEMS),Berg平衡量表(BBS),脊髓损伤步行指数Ⅱ(WISCI-Ⅱ)及改良Barthel指数量表(MBI)对两组患者的下肢运动功能、平衡功能、步行能力及日常生活活动能力进行评估。结果:治疗前两组患者各方面评分比较差异均无显著性意义(P0.05)。治疗6周后,两组患者ASIA-LEMS评分、Berg平衡功能评分、WISCI-Ⅱ评分及改良Barthel指数评分较治疗前均有提高,差异有显著性(P0.001)。治疗后两组间比较,下肢智能反馈训练系统治疗组ASIA-LEMS评分、Berg平衡功能评分、WISCI-Ⅱ评分高于电动起立床组,差异有显著性(P0.05),改良Barthel指数两组间差异无显著性(P0.05)。结论:下肢智能反馈训练系统对不完全性胸腰段脊髓损伤患者下肢运动能力恢复有一定程度的促进作用。     

减重平板步行训练对不完全性脊髓损伤患者步行能力的影响

目的 研究减重平板步行训练对不完全性脊髓损伤(ISCI)患者步行能力的影响.方法 36例ISCI患者(分类为ASIAC或D),随机分为对照组与减重组(各18例).所有患者采用综合康复治疗方法,减重组还在身体条件许可的情况下接受减重平板步行训练3个月.在训练前后对患者进行ASIA下肢运动评分、功能独立性评定(FIM)步行能力评定、10 m步行速度、日常生活活动能力(ADL)评定.结果 减重组患者ASIA下肢运动功能、步行能力、10 m步行速度的恢复好于对照组(P<0.05).康复治疗前后减重组与对照组ADL评分无显著性差异(P>0.05).结论 减重平板步行训练能够提高不完全性脊髓损伤患者的步行能力.     

运动想象疗法对后遗症期脑卒中患者下肢运动功能的影响

目的观察运动想象疗法对后遗症期脑卒中患者下肢运动功能的影响。方法将后遗症期脑卒中患者30例按随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组, 每组患者15例。2组患者均接受常规药物治疗和常规康复训练, 观察组患者在此基础上增加运动想象训练。常规康复训练和运动想象疗法均每日1次, 每周训练5 d, 连续训练8周。于治疗前和治疗8周后(治疗后)分别采用Fugl-Meyer运动功能评定(FMA)下肢部分、Holden步行能力分级(FAC)、"起立-行走"计时测试(TUGT)和10 m步行速度测试(10MWT)评估2组患者的下肢运动能力、步行能力、转移能力和最大步行速度。结果治疗后, 2组患者的FMA评分、TUGT和10MWT与组内治疗前比较, 差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组治疗后的FMA评分、TUGT和10MWT分别为(27.70±4.50)分、(21.05±11.03)s、(0.77±0.42)m/s, 均显著优于对照组治疗后, 差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论运动想象疗法结合常规康复训练可显著提高后遗症期脑卒中患者的步行效率, 改善其下肢运动功能。     

水中步行训练对脊髓损伤患者下肢表面肌电和神经功能的效果

目的探讨水中步行训练对不完全性脊髓损伤患者下肢肌肉表面肌电(s EMG)和神经功能的效果。方法 2014年6月至2016年5月,42例胸腰段不完全性脊髓损伤患者随机分成对照组(n=21)和实验组(n=21)。两组均采用常规康复训练,实验组另加水中步行训练,共6周。训练前后测量股四头肌及胫前肌平均肌电值(AEMG),采用美国脊柱损伤学会(ASIA)下肢运动功能、感觉指数评分进行评定。结果治疗后,两组ASIA下肢运动、感觉功能评分显著改善(t10.871,P0.001),股四头肌及胫前肌AEMG明显改善(t5.763,P0.01);实验组均明显优于对照组(t4.036,P0.01)。结论水中步行训练能进一步改善不完全性胸腰段脊髓损伤患者下肢肌力和神经功能。     

重复经颅磁刺激对不完全性脊髓损伤患者运动和步行功能的疗效

目的观察重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)治疗对不完全性脊髓损伤患者运动和步行功能的影响。方法 18例C2~T12节段不完全性脊髓损伤患者(AIS D级)随机分为治疗组(n=10)和对照组(n=8)。治疗组于Cz部位给予rTMS,对照组患者给予假刺激。两组患者均接受常规康复治疗。治疗前后比较ASIA下肢运动评分(LEMS)、改良Ashworsh量表(MAS)、10 m步行速度、脊髓损伤步行指数Ⅱ(WISCIⅡ)和脊髓功能独立性评定(SCIM)。治疗后随访2周。结果治疗后,治疗组LEMS、10 m步行速度、SCIM均有改善(P<0.05),随访2周上述指标与治疗前比较仍有提高(P<0.05);对照组随访2周与治疗前比较SCIM有所改善(P<0.05)。与对照组比较,治疗组治疗后LEMS改善更多,随访2周LEMS仍优于对照组(P<0.05);MAS、10 m步行速度、WISCIⅡ和SCIM治疗后及随访两组比较均无显著性差异(P>0.05)。结论 rTMS可进一步改善不完全性脊髓损伤患者的下肢运动功能。     

Lokomat下肢康复机器人对改善帕金森病患者步行能力的疗效研究

目的:观察Lokomat下肢康复机器人对改善帕金森疾病患者步行能力的临床疗效。方法:将40例帕金森疾病患者随机分成对照组和观察组各20例。2组均接受常规康复训练,观察组在此基础上进行Lokomat下肢康复机器人步行训练,步行持续时间30min/次,1次/d,5次/周。在治疗前后分别采用Berg平衡量表(BBS)评定平衡功能、计时起立-行走测试(TUGT)评定功能性步行能力及预测跌倒风险、6min步行测试(6MWT)评价步行耐力。结果:治疗10周后,观察组BBS、6MWT较治疗前及对照组明显提高(P0.05),TUGT较治疗前及对照组明显降低(P0.05);对照组BBS评分较治疗前提高(P0.05),6MWT及TUGT评分治疗前后比较差异无统计学意义。结论:Lokomat下肢康复机器人辅助步行训练可提高帕金森疾病患者平衡能力和提高步行能力,是治疗帕金森病患者步行障碍的有效方法。     

Early rehabilitation effect for traumatic spinal cord injury

OBJECTIVE: To determine the natural course of traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) and the effect of early rehabilitation on it. DESIGN: A retrospective, multicenter study. SETTING: Sixteen Rosai hospitals and 1 medical school. PARTICIPANTS: One hundred twenty-three SCI patients (104 men, 19 women; mean age, 48.8 +/- 17.7yr) enrolled. INTERVENTIONS: Dividing the subjects into an early rehabilitation group and a delayed group; differences were ensured by international classification of SCI. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Using the American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) classifications, the motor recovery rate (MRR) was defined as (ASIA motor score at discharge - ASIA motor score at admission)/(100 - ASIA motor score at admission). The regression lines for FIM instrument score and ASIA motor score were determined for 6 subgroups (early or delayed tetraplegia, central cord injury, paraplegia) by the MRR staging. The regression lines for physical or cognitive FIM score and ASIA motor score were also determined for 6 subgroups. RESULTS: Three stages were obtained: acute stage: 2 weeks postinjury; recovery stage: 2 weeks to 6 months postinjury; and chronic stage: more than 6 months postinjury. Regression lines showed that rehabilitation improved physical functional independence for ASIA motor score, especially in the early rehabilitation subgroups. There was no correlation between cognitive FIM score and ASIA motor score in 6 subgroups. CONCLUSION: Early SCI rehabilitation contributes to good physical activities of daily living for motor function.     

Testosterone replacement therapy and motor function in men with spinal cord injury: a retrospective analysis

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate motor function in men with spinal cord injury (SCI) given testosterone replacement therapy (TRT). DESIGN: American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) rehabilitation discharge motor index scores were compared between men with SCI given TRT (testosterone cypionate, 200 mg, monthly; n = 50) and a comparison group (n = 480) in a retrospective study. Covariates included admission motor and FIM scores, level of injury (paraplegia/tetraplegia), days since injury, and age. RESULTS: ASIA discharge motor scores for ASIA impairment scale grades C and D were significantly different (P < 0.05) in men with incomplete SCI given TRT, relative to the comparison group. The covariate-adjusted mean discharge score for the TRT group was higher than for the comparison group. There were no significant differences in discharge FIM scores (P = 0.34) for men with incomplete injuries and no differences in the adjusted discharge ASIA motor scores (P = 0.92) or adjusted discharge FIM scores (P = 0.16) for men with complete injuries. CONCLUSION: The data support a relationship between TRT and strength gains in men with residual motor function after SCI. Prospective studies are necessary to validate these findings.     

水中平板步行训练对脊髓损伤患者康复疗效的初步观察

目的观察水中平板步行训练对脊髓损伤患者的康复疗效。方法对11例外伤性不完全性脊髓损伤患者进行水中平板步行训练等康复治疗，记录水中平板步行训练前后的ASIA运动评分、ASIA感觉评分。以及训练时的行走距离、最大步速和训练前后的日常生活活动能力（ADL）评分变化。结果经水中平板步行训练后，患者的ASIA感觉评分提高（P〈0．05），ASIA运动评分、行走距离、最大步速及ADL评分明显提高（P〈0．01）。结论在常规康复治疗基础上进行水中平板步行训练可改善不完全性脊髓损伤患者的运动、感觉功能及生活自理能力。     

肌电生物反馈联合康复训练对脊髓损伤患者运动功能及功能独立性的影响

目的:观察肌电生物反馈疗法联合康复训练对脊髓损伤(SCI)患者运动功能障碍的康复疗效。方法:60例胸腰段不完全性脊髓损伤患者随机分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。2组均进行常规康复治疗,观察组加用双下肢肌电生物反馈治疗。治疗前及治疗后8周、12周进行下肢肌肉最大收缩时表面肌电(sEMG)信号采集、运动功能评定及功能独立性(FIM)评定,比较临床疗效。结果:治疗8周后,2组患者股四头肌、胫前肌最大收缩时的sEMG信号均较治疗前明显提高(P0.05),治疗后12周继续提高(P0.01);观察组sEMG信号增幅高于对照组(P0.05)。治疗8周后,2组患者ASIA运动功能评分及FIM评分亦较治疗前提高(P0.05),组间比较差异无统计学意义;治疗12周后,2组ASIA运动功能及FIM评分较治疗8周后提高更明显(P0.01),观察组更高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:肌电生物反馈疗法联合康复训练对胸腰段不完全性脊髓损伤患者运动功能有促进作用,能明显提高患者的股四头肌、胫前肌表面肌电信号及肌力,并能提高功能独立水平,减少并发症。     

Walking index for spinal cord injury

This review reports on the contemporary possibilities of objective evaluation of walking ability in patients with paraplegia following a spinal cord injury. Current methods of evaluation of walking function, i.e. the ASIA Classification, Functional Independence Measure (FIM), Barthel Index and Spinal Cord Independence Measure (SCIM) are described. The latest classification, known as the WISCI (Walking Index for Spinal Cord Injury) is described in detail. WISCI is the most detailed scale that is also the most sensitive to changes in the patient's walking ability compared to the other scales.     

Metric properties of the ASIA motor score: subscales improve correlation with functional activities

OBJECTIVE: To apply item response theory (IRT) methods to neurologic and functional scales to determine the value of using American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor subscores and ability estimates, rather than total ASIA motor scores, to predict motor FIM instrument scores. DESIGN: Secondary analysis of prospectively collected data. SETTING: Model Spinal Cord Injury Systems centers. PARTICIPANTS: People with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) (N=4338) discharged from inpatient rehabilitation between January 1, 1994, and March 31, 2003. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Total discharge motor FIM scores, FIM subscale scores, and IRT-derived ability estimates of motor FIM scores. RESULTS: Use of separate ASIA upper-extremity and lower-extremity motor scores improved prediction of motor FIM scores over that of total ASIA motor score (R(2) for motor FIM score, .71 vs .59). Use of IRT-based ability estimates derived by applying a 2-parameter graded response model to the raw scores, however, did not improve prediction of motor FIM scores above that of the ASIA motor subscale scores. CONCLUSIONS: Consistent with the metric properties of the ASIA motor score, and with recent models of disablement, impairment in SCI is more accurately characterized by using separate ASIA upper- and lower-extremity motor scores than by using a single motor score. Use of subscores for impairment should improve prediction of functional abilities and enhance more complex models of disability.     

Effects of gender on neurologic and functional recovery after spinal cord injury

OBJECTIVE: To assess gender differences in neurologic and functional outcome measures in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI). DESIGN: Case series. SETTINGS: Model Spinal Cord Injury Systems (MSCIS) throughout the United States. PARTICIPANTS: People (N=14,433) admitted to an MSCIS within 30 days of injury. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Improvement in American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) motor index score, ASIA Impairment Scale, level of injury, and FIM instrument scores after SCI. RESULTS: When examining subjects grouped by severity of injury, changes in ASIA motor index total scores, from system admission to 1-year anniversary, were significantly greater for women than men with either complete ( P =.035) or incomplete ( P =.031) injuries. Functional comparison of men and women, using the FIM motor subscale, revealed that men had higher FIM motor scores at rehabilitation discharge among those with motor-complete injuries, except for those with C1-4 and C6 neurologic levels. Women with motor-incomplete high tetraplegia (C1-4 levels) had higher discharge FIM motor scores than did similarly afflicted men. There were no significant differences in FIM motor scores among men and women with other levels of motor incomplete SCI. CONCLUSIONS: Gender differences in SCI were seen in several areas. Women may have more natural neurologic recovery than men; however, for a given level and degree of neurologic injury, men tend to do better functionally than women at time of discharge from rehabilitation. Future prospective study of the effects of estrogen on neurologic recovery and the effects of gender on functional potential are recommended.     

Rehabilitation for patients with paraplegia and lower extremity amputation

[Purpose] To study the characteristics and treatment strategy for patients with paraplegia and lower extremity amputation. [Subjects] Six cases were selected from among the patients admitted to the China Rehabilitation Research Center from 1991 to 2014. The criteria for the six cases were spinal cord injury with amputation immediately or in a short time (1 week) after the trauma. [Methods] General information, clinical diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and other data were analyzed. [Results] All the six cases were injured by high energy or complex energy accidents: two cases by falls after high voltage electric shock, one by an oil pipeline explosion, one by the impact of a falling tower crane and received high energy traffic accident injuries (one was hit by a train, and the other was hit by a truck at high speed). All the six cases had thoracic and lumbar vertebral injuries and complete paraplegia. Amputation stump infection occurred in four cases. After comprehensive rehabilitation treatment, patients’ functional independence measure (FIM) scores improved significantly, but American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) scores and ASIA Impairment Scale (AIS) grades showed no significant improvement. [Conclusion] When formulating the clinical treatment and rehabilitation for spinal cord injury with amputation patients, simultaneous consideration of the characteristics of the spinal cord injury and amputation is needed to develop an individualized strategy. For spinal cord injury with limb amputation patients, prostheses should allow the improvement of patients’ self-care ability.Key words: Paraplegia, Amputation, Rehabilitation     

下肢步行机器人对脊髓损伤后日常生活能力及步行能力的影响

目的:探讨下肢步行机器人对脊髓损伤后日常生活能力及步行能力的影响。方法:颈胸段脊髓损伤患者40例随机分为2组各20例。对照组进行常规的运动治疗,内容包括肌力训练、牵伸训练、平衡训练、转移、站立训练、步行及步态训练等;观察组增加步行机器人训练。于治疗前和治疗6周、12周后,采用6min步行距离、改良Barthel指数(MBI)和功能独立性评测(FIM)对患者进行评定,并重点关注其中的步行项及上下楼梯项。结果:治疗6及12周后,2组患者MBI、FIM总分及2个量表中的步行项、上下楼梯项分值,6min步行距离测试分值均较治疗前呈逐渐提高(均P0.05),且观察组优于对照组(均P0.05)。结论:常规运动治疗结合步行机器人训练可明显改善C-D级脊髓损伤患者步行能力及ADL分值。     

Outcomes of early surgical management versus late or no surgical intervention after acute spinal cord injury

OBJECTIVE: To compare neurologic, medical, and functional outcomes of patients with acute spinal cord injury (SCI) undergoing early (<24 h and 24-72 h) and late (>72 h) surgical spine intervention versus those treated nonsurgically. DESIGN: Retrospective case series comparing outcomes by surgical and nonsurgical groups during acute care, rehabilitation, and at 1-year follow-up. SETTING: Multicenter National Spinal Cord Injury Database. PARTICIPANTS: Consecutive patients with acute, nonpenetrating, traumatic SCI from 1995 to 2000, admitted in the first 24 hours after injury. Surgical spinal intervention was likely secondary to nature of injury and the need for spinal stabilization. Interventions Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Changes in neurologic outcomes (motor and sensory levels, motor index score, American Spinal Injury Association [ASIA] Impairment Scale [AIS]), medical complications (pneumonia and atelectasis, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, pressure ulcers, autonomic dysreflexia, rehospitalization), and functional outcomes (acute and rehabilitation length of stay [LOS], hospital charges, FIM instrument score, FIM motor efficiency scores). RESULTS: Subjects in the early surgery group were more likely ( P <.05) to be women, have paraplegia, and have SCI caused by motor vehicle collisions. The nonsurgical group was more likely ( P <.05) to have an older mean age and more incomplete injuries. ASIA motor index improvements (from admission to 1-y follow-up) were more likely ( P <.05) in the nonsurgical groups, as compared with the surgical groups. Those with late surgery had significantly ( P <.05) increased acute care and total LOS and hospital charges along with higher incidence of pneumonia and atelectasis. No differences between groups were found for changes in neurologic levels, AIS grade, or FIM motor efficiency. CONCLUSIONS: ASIA motor index improvements were noted in the nonsurgery group, though likely related to increased incompleteness of injuries within this group. Early versus late spinal surgery was associated with shorter LOS and reduced pulmonary complications, however, no differences in neurologic or functional improvements were noted between early or late surgical groups.