骨外固定架治疗创伤后骨髓炎：联合负压封闭引流的疗效评价

背景：创伤后骨髓炎是开放性骨折或其他骨关节手术后出现的骨感染,可遗留窦道或有骨外露、伤口较多分泌物,其治疗周期长,并可导致骨折延期愈合,甚至不愈合。治疗的关键在于彻底清创,充分引流,以及对治疗干扰小、远离病区置钉的外固定支架的使用。
　　目的：观察负压封闭引流联合外固定架修复创伤性骨髓炎的近期疗效,并与传统置管冲洗引流进行对比。
　　方法：自2010年6月至2013年6月纳入创伤后骨髓炎患者21例,其中负压封闭引流组11例,传统置管引流组10例。负压封闭引流组患者一期行病灶清除及负压封闭引流填塞死腔,覆盖创面。骨折未愈合者行外固定架治疗,其中10例内固定改为外固定架,1例原有外固定架继续保留。所有患者均Ⅱ期闭合伤口,9例伤口直接缝合,2例行皮瓣移植,其中1例因骨缺损,Ⅲ期行自体骨移植。传统置管引流组行病灶清除,术后常规置管冲洗引流,3例因创面不能闭合,行普通换药,二期皮瓣移植,骨折未愈合者行骨外固定架治疗。治疗后观察患者有无局部红肿痛及全身发热,记录总住院时间及骨折愈合时间。
　　结果与结论：负压封闭引流组较传统置管组更能较快的控制治疗前红肿痛及发热等症状(P<0.05)。总住院时间两组差异无显著性意义(P>0.05)。两组患者均通过门诊获得随访,随访时间24-36个月,负压封闭引流组骨折愈合时间短于传统置管引流组(P<0.05)。至随访结束,负压封闭引流组患者感染均未复发,传统置管组2例再发感染。结果提示负压封闭引流联合骨外固定架修复创伤后慢性骨髓炎具有感染控制快、方便护理、缩短治疗时间、降低治疗后再发感染率等优点,且骨外固定架可作为创伤后骨髓炎最终的固定方式。     

外侧锁定联合内侧支持钢板与双支持钢板内固定修复胫骨平台骨折的比较

背景：胫骨平台骨折采用单侧支持钢板容易形成偏心支撑,易导致成角畸形,而若仅用外侧支持钢板又容易出现膝关节内翻畸形。目的：比较双切口外侧锁定钢板联合内侧支持钢板与双支持钢板内固定修复复杂胫骨平台骨折的临床及影像学效果。方法：回顾性分析2009年3月至2013年11月收治86例复杂胫骨平台骨折患者的临床资料。根据其内固定方式分为2组,外锁定内支持组采用外侧锁定钢板固定骨折情况相对较复杂及粉碎程度较重的外侧,内侧采用支撑钢板;内外支持组则内外侧均采用支撑钢板固定。术后随访2年,对比两种内固定方式的临床及影像学效果。结果与结论：所有随访患者创口均Ⅰ期愈合,骨折均获得骨性愈合。两组患者的手术时间、上止血带时间及术中出血量比较差异均无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。术后随访发现,除完全负重时间外锁定内支持组明显早于双支持钢板组外（P〈0.05）,两组骨折愈合时间、膝关节功能评分、膝关节活动度、术后胫骨平台内翻角、胫骨平台后倾及术后1年胫骨平台内翻角、胫骨平台后倾差异均无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。提示双切口双钢板置入内固定修复胫骨平台骨折具有良好的临床及影像学效果,与双支持钢板相比,外侧锁定钢板联合内侧支持钢板在完全负重时间上更具优势。     

外固定架结合泡沫敷料覆盖负压引流修复软组织严重损伤的四肢开放性骨折

背景：软组织严重损伤的四肢开放性骨折的治疗比较棘手,其创面渗出多,换药次数多,感染率高,而怎样解决伤口处理与骨折固定之间的矛盾是临床治疗中需要考虑的问题。
　　目的：探讨外固定架+封闭负压引流在软组织严重损伤的四肢开放性骨折中应用的疗效。
　　方法：选择新乡医学院第一附属医院2009年12月至2010年12月收治的34例软组织严重损伤的四肢开放性骨折患者,其中男20例,女14例;平均年龄36.6岁;上肢骨折10例,下肢骨折24例;清创后形成皮肤缺损占体表面积1%-6%。在外固定架固定前提下,创面分别采用封闭负压引流(治疗组)和常规敷料包扎(对照组)各17例,根据肢体肿胀程度及肉芽生长情况,采用延期缝合、植皮或者皮瓣转移覆盖创面。治疗后观察创面感染率,肉芽生长情况等,并根据创面愈合及肉芽生长情况评估疗效。
　　结果与结论：治疗组11例治愈,5例显效,1例无效,总有效率约94%,感染率约15%;对照组治愈7例,显效6例,无效4例,总有效率约76%,感染率约40%,两组治愈率、总有效率、感染率比较差异有显著性意义(P<0.05)。治疗组创面愈合时间为8.66-16.23 d,对照组为15.68-22.36 d,治疗组创面愈合时间较对照组明显缩短(P <0.05)。可见封闭负压引流在软组织严重损伤的四肢开放性骨折中应用较传统换药明显优越。     

经皮闭合复位锁定钢板和交锁髓内钉及切开复位钢板置入修复胫骨中下段骨折：生物稳定性比较

背景：胫骨中下段骨折由于无肌肉覆盖,软组织薄,创伤后易发生粉碎的复杂骨折,致术中复位固定较为困难。其临床效果往往和骨折类型、软组织损伤程度、治疗方法及内固定的选择密切相关。胫骨中下段骨折一般以内固定为主,尽管内固定方法很多,但微创的坚强固定一直是胫骨骨折治疗的难点和研究热点。
　　目的：比较经皮闭合复位锁定钢板、经皮闭合复位交锁髓内钉与切开复位钢板置入内固定修复胫骨中下段骨折的临床效果。
　　方法：入选180例胫骨中下段骨折患者,随机分为经皮闭合复位锁定钢板组、经皮闭合复位交锁髓内钉组与切开复位钢板组,分别进行内固定修复治疗。内固定后随访时间为12-24个月。从切口长度、手术时间、术中透视时间、术中出血量、内固定后并发症等方面比较3组的修复效果。
　　结果与结论：剔除失随访患者,经皮闭合复位锁定钢板组56例,经皮闭合复位交锁髓内钉组52例,切开复位钢板组48例进入结果分析。经皮闭合复位锁定钢板组、经皮闭合复位交锁髓内钉组在切口长度、术中出血量等方面明显优于切开复位钢板组(P<0.05),而透视时间方面经皮闭合复位锁定钢板组显著长于交锁髓内钉和切开复位内固定组(P<0.05),手术时间方面3组差异无显著性意义。在并发症发生率方面,经皮闭合复位锁定钢板组为11%,经皮闭合复位交锁髓内钉组及切开复位钢板组均为27%。提示对于修复胫骨中下段骨折,闭合复位锁定钢板内固定创伤小,不破坏骨折端血供,具有良好的生物力学稳定性,可以作为胫骨中下段骨折的良好选择;闭合复位交锁髓内钉固定操作简单,也是胫骨中下段骨折的常用方法;切开复位钢板内固定对骨折端剥离较多,血供破坏大,并发症较多,应谨慎选择。     

兔胫骨骨折模型的不同固定方法

背景:利用一种有效的固定方法维持骨折的稳定性是胫骨骨折动物模型成功制备的基础。目的:观察4种不同的固定方法对兔胫骨骨折模型的固定效果。方法:将日本大耳白兔截断胫骨骨干后随机分为4组,以4种方法分别固定:①直腿双托组:直腿双托石膏外固定。②塑形双托组:屈膝屈踝双托石膏外固定。③塑形管型组:屈膝屈踝管型石膏外固定。④内外固定组:克氏针内固定+屈膝屈踝双托石膏外固定。结果与结论:相比其他3组,直腿双托组的外固定石膏脱落时间更早,损伤肢感染率更高(P<0.05)。在骨折后第4周,内外固定组发生骨折断端移位的实验兔数量最少(P<0.05)。证实只采用内固定+屈膝屈踝双托石膏外固定才能维持实验兔胫骨骨折的稳定性。     

双切口双钢板及锁定钢板内固定修复胫骨平台骨折的稳定性比较

背景：Schazker Ⅴ、Ⅵ型骨折常造成交叉韧带、侧副韧带及半月板等部位的损伤,且塌陷移位严重,若仅采用一侧锁定钢板,则较难支撑及满意复位。目的：比较双切口双钢板内固定与膝前正中切口锁定钢板内固定修复Schatzker Ⅴ、Ⅵ型胫骨平台骨折后的效果及稳定性评价。方法：纳入76例Schazker Ⅴ、Ⅵ型胫骨平台骨折患者,分别采用锁定钢板内固定（n=38）和双切口双钢板内固定（n=38）进行治疗,通过X射线正、侧位片评估骨折复位及愈合情况,并对胫骨平台内翻角、胫骨平台内侧后倾角进行生物力学测试。结果与结论：双切口双钢板内固定组住院时间、内固定后开始负重时间显著少于锁定钢板内固定组（P〈0.05）,但两组骨折愈合时间比较差异无显著性意义（〉0.05）;关节强直、骨折延迟愈合、针道感染、骨折延迟愈合、膝内翻畸形多项并发症比较,双切口双钢板内固定组显著少于锁定钢板内固定组,差异均有显著性意义（P 〈0.05）。两组内固定松动断裂、膝关节不稳、切口感染、皮肤坏死、骨坏死及骨不愈合多项并发症比较,差异无显著性意义（〉0.05）;双切口双钢板内固定组内固定后Rasmussen分级明显优于锁定钢板内固定组,差异均有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。结果说明治疗Schatzker Ⅴ、Ⅵ型胫骨平台骨折,双切口双钢板内固定的临床疗效优于膝前正中切口锁定钢板内固定,更具有生物力学上的稳定性。     

踝部骨折中医手法整复的临床效果分析

目的:探讨中医手法整复踝部骨折的临床疗效,为临床治疗踝部骨折提供参考。方法:选择2011年1月～2013年1月我院收治的踝关节骨折患者98例,并随机分为两组各49例。对照组予常规治疗,研究组予中医手法整复治疗,两组患者均进行功能锻炼,3个月后观察患者恢复情况,比较两组临床效果。结果:对照组治愈32例,好转7例,无效10例,总有效率为79.59%;研究组治愈45例,好转3例,无效1例,总有效率为97.96%:研究组总有效率明显高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:中医手法整复踝部骨折临床疗效确切,值得推广应用。     

累及胫骨平台后内侧柱复杂骨折:“竹筏”型及后内侧支撑钢板的置入

背景:累及胫骨平台后内侧骨折多为高能量损伤所致复杂型骨折,如不能选择合适时机、采用合理的固定入路及固定方式,则易出现局部皮肤坏死、骨折延迟愈合或不愈合、内固定失败及膝关节功能障碍等不良并发症。目的:探讨累及胫骨平台后内侧柱的复杂胫骨平台骨折的固定方法及效果。方法:以CT三维重建为基础和胫骨平台的三柱分型理论为依据,回顾性分析复杂胫骨平台骨折累及后内侧柱的患者37例资料。所有病例施行固定治疗,采用前外侧切口及后内侧切口固定入路,外侧利用国际内固定研究学会"竹筏"型解剖锁定接骨板固定,后内侧柱根据骨折情况选择此锁定支撑钢板固定,并行骨诱导人工骨植骨,按Merchant评分标准膝关节功能恢复情况。结果与结论:患者均获得平均12.8个月随访。骨折均达到临床愈合标准,无并发症出现。膝关节功能恢复情况:优25例,良9例,可2例,差1例,优良率92%。结果证实,前外侧切口结合后内侧切口+胫骨外侧"竹筏"型钢板及后内侧支撑钢板内固定,并应用骨诱导人工骨植骨治疗累及胫骨平台后内侧柱的胫骨平台骨折可以取得良好的治疗效果。     

Ilizarov外固定联合负压封闭引流修复四肢骨折合并骨筋膜室综合征

背景：目前治疗骨折合并骨筋膜室综合征常采用单边外固定架固定骨折,凡士林纱布覆盖减压创面,需长期、频繁敞开换药,增加了感染概率,不利于创面引流及肉芽组织培养,造成住院周期长、效果欠佳。
　　目的：探讨Ilizarov外固定联合负压封闭引流修复四肢骨折合并骨筋膜室综合征的临床效果。
　　方法：将32例四肢骨折合并骨筋膜室综合征患者按随机数字表法均分为2组,在进行相同切开减压和药物治疗的基础上,治疗组采用Ilizarov外固定架固定骨折,负压封闭引流覆盖创面;对照组采用单边外固定架固定骨折,凡士林纱布覆盖创面,比较两组骨折愈合、临床结局、住院时间及治疗费用。
　　结果与结论：治疗组治愈10例,肌挛缩4例,截肢2例;对照组治愈7例,肌挛缩6例,截肢3例,两组临床结局指标比较差异无显著性意义。治疗组骨折愈合率及治疗费用高于对照组(P<0.05),住院时间、植皮及感染发生率低于对照组(P <0.05)。表明在及时切开减压的基础上,采用Ilizarov外固定联合负压封闭引流修复四肢骨折合并骨筋膜室综合征保肢率高,可有效治疗骨折,提高骨折愈合率,降低感染率、植皮率,缩短住院时间,但费用较高。     

双入路微创治疗Schatzker Ⅵ型胫骨平台骨折

目的总结探讨双入路微创治疗SchatzkerⅥ型胫骨平台骨折的临床效果。方法选择2011年3月至2013年12月30例SchatzkerⅥ型胫骨平台骨折患者为研究对象,均接受双入路内侧切开复位经皮钢板、外侧经皮LISS钢板内固定系统治疗,观察患者术后骨折预后情况。结果短期并发症:术后皮肤浅表感染5例,经抗生素治疗后感染痊愈、切口愈合。骨折愈合及预后:随访3~9个月,30例患者均骨折愈合;未出现钢板松动、肺栓塞、骨不连、深度感染等;1例出现外侧局部皮肤坏死的患者经局部皮瓣转移治疗后痊愈;1例出现内侧螺钉退出,在骨折愈合后择期二次手术将内固定物取出。膝关节功能:末次随访时Mer Chant评分为62~95分,优良率达73.33%,其中优16例、良6例、中5例、差3例。结论在SchatzkerⅥ型胫骨平台骨折治疗中双入路微创治疗疗效确切,固定稳定,且软组织并发症较少,值得推广使用。     

Interaction of peptidoglycans with anti-IgGs and with complement.

This report describes the interaction of peptidoglycan (Streptococcus group A, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Micrococcus lysodeikticus) with 2 serum mediator systems, namely with the anti-IgG system and with complement. The observation that the majority of rabbits hyperimmunized with A-variant streptococcal vaccine produced anti-group carbohydrate antisera containing anti-IgGs and antibodies directed to peptidoglycan suggested that the production of these 2 latter antibodies was related. This view was supported by the finding of a monoclonal 7S anti-IgG with antibody specificity for the pentapeptide of peptidoglycan as evidenced by inhibition of the coprecipitation of 7S anti-IgG with antigen-antibody complexes by the pentapeptide. Inhibition of the anti-idiotype reaction by the pentapeptide provided further evidence for the antibody specificity of 7S anti-IgG for peptidoglycan. When added to normal human sera all peptidoglycan preparations inhibited the hemolytic activity of the sera. Consumption of C3 in C2 deficient serum and consumption of C2 in normal serum indicated the activation of both known complement pathways. Activation of the classical pathway of complement was more efficient since 50 mug of peptidoglycan consumed approximately 70% of C2 per ml normal serum whereas more than 2 mg of the same preparations was required to inactivate 17-24% of C3 in C2 deficient sera. Each of the different peptidoglycan preparations consumed similar amounts of complement in all 20 sera tested. This finding suggested that activation of the classical complement pathway by peptidoglycan was not mediated by anti-peptidoglycan antibodies present in only 20-40% of normal human sera.     

异病酚静脉全麻下复合氯胺酮或曲马多行纳屈酮快速阿片脱毒的效果比较

Toreleasetheseverewithdrawalsymptomsoftheheroinad-dicts,weinjecttheNaloxineinthegeneralanesthesia.160volun-teersreceivedRODwereperformedunderthecombinedanesthesiawithpropofol,midazolamandketamine.1Subjectsandmethods1.1Subjects160volunteerswhoaccordingwiththediagnosticstandardoftheICD-10abouttheopiate-addiction,male:145,fe-male15.Age:(30±6),theeldestwas45yearsold.Themeanbodyweightwasabout(58±8)kg.Educationalbackground:pri-maryschool118cases,juniorhighschool:24casesandseniorhighschool/seco…     

The comparison of effects of rapid opiate detoxification with ketamine complex and with tramadol and naltrexone under general anesthesia with propofol

Objective To release the heroin addicts‘ sufferings,we made rapid opiate detoxification by injecting naloxine under the general anesthesia.Method 160 volunteers were divided at randon into two groups:Group A were performed under the combined anesthesia with propofol,midazolam and kelamine.Group B were performed under the combined anesthesia with propofol with midazolam and tramadol.The vital signs were recorded and the withdrawal syndrome of the volunteers were assessed during the whole process.Result All of the withdrawal symptoms scores 24 hours after ROD in group B were lower than its pre-treatment;The symptoms of the thirs,tsleeping disturbance,nausea and vomiting,skeletal muscular pains and anorexia scores in group A were also lower than its pre-treatment;and no too much differeence belween group A and group B.But tearing,anxiety and diarrhea scores in group A were almost the same as the pre-treatment and higher than group B.Both groups received of the naloxone treatment smoothly,and remained in the hospital for about 3 days.Conclusion The effect of rapid opiate detoxification of naltrexone with the ketamine or tramadol under anesthesia is obvious.The tramadol is better than others.     

替吉奥联合亚叶酸钙及奥沙利铂治疗晚期结直肠癌病人的观察与护理

[目的]总结替吉奥联合亚叶酸钙及奥沙利铂治疗晚期结直肠癌病人的观察与护理。[方法]对25例无法手术切除的晚期结直肠癌病人采用替吉奥胶囊联合亚叶酸钙、奥沙利铂方案进行治疗,同时加强心理护理、毒副反应的观察与护理等。[结果]治疗过程中出现Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级神经毒性8例,恶心、呕吐、食欲下降12例,骨髓抑制5例,变态反应1例,经处理后均好转;1例病人死亡,其余病人均顺利进行治疗。[结论]加强替吉奥联合亚叶酸钙及奥沙利铂治疗晚期结直肠癌病人的护理,可保证治疗的顺利进行。     

艾滋病合并结核病及马尔尼菲青霉病患者的护理

目的通过分析艾滋病合并结核病及马尔尼菲青霉病患者的临床资料,提高对三病并存的护理认识。方法分析并总结26例艾滋病合并结核病及马尔尼菲青霉病住院患者的临床特点、治疗及护理方法。结果本组患者治愈5例,好转13例,死亡8例。存活患者随访6～30个月均未复发。结论三病并存时临床表现复杂,无特异性,护理难度大,应仔细观察病情,及早诊治,精心护理,对改善预后有重要意义。     

Association of optimism-pessimism with quality of life in patients with head and neck and thyroid cancers

OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between optimism-pessimism and quality of life (QOL) in survivors of head and neck and thyroid cancers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Between 1963 and 2000, 190 patients completed both the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), used to assess explanatory style (optimism-pessimism), and either the 12-Item or 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12 or SF-36), used to assess QOL. The MMPIs were completed an average of 13.4 years before the QOL assessment. The QOL measures were completed an average of 12.5 years after cancer diagnosis. Patients were divided into quartiles based on their MMPI Optimism-Pessimism scale score. Analysis was performed for all patients, those with head and neck cancer, and those with thyroid cancer. Adjustments were made for age, sex, and disease stage. RESULTS: For all 190 patients, optimism was associated with a higher QOL on both the mental and the physical component scales and 6 of 8 subscales of the SF-12 and SF-36. For patients with head and neck cancer, optimism was associated with higher QOL on 3 subscales but neither component scale. For patients with thyroid cancer, optimism was associated with higher QOL on both component scales and 6 subscales. After adjusting for age, sex, and disease stage, optimism was not associated with QOL in the head and neck cancer group. CONCLUSIONS: Optimism was associated with a higher QOL in survivors of thyroid cancer compared with survivors of head and neck cancer. After adjusting for age, sex, and disease stage, optimism was not associated with QOL for survivors of head and neck cancer. Optimism was more associated with the mental rather than physical QOL subscales.     

Experience with the treatment of atrial fibrillation with cordarone and digoxin

Paraxysmal and recent cardiac fibrillations have been treated in 42 patients with cordaron combined with digoxin. The arrest of fibrillation was achieved for 5 days in 29 patients (69%) suggesting high efficacy of the combination.     

An electroencephalographic comparison of alfentanil with other narcotics and with thiopental

Using aperiodic analysis, we compared the EEC produced by alfentanil with the EEGs produced by two other opiates—fentanyl and sufentanil—on the one hand and with the EEG produced by a barbiturate—thiopental—on the other hand. Alfentanil and thiopental were injected over 1 minute: fentanyl and sufentanil were injected over 10 to 15 minutes. From the aperiodic analysis we derived up to seven single-number variables computed over 30- or 60-second epochs. All the opiates induced EEGs that were qualitatively similar to each other, although the maximum or minimum values tended to be greater and the time course more rapid with alfentanil than with the other two opiates. This finding may have been related to the fact that we injected relatively more alfentanil and administered it more rapidly. The EEGs produced by alfentanil and thiopental differed markedly, both qualitatively and quantitatively. The total power at 1 Hz and cumulative power at 3 Hz went to higher peak values with alfentanil, the latter tending to decrease with thiopental. The total number ot waves per epoch went to lower peak values with alfentanil; there was little change with thiopental. The frequency below which 90% ot the power resides went to considerably lower peak values with alfentanil than with thiopental. Finally, total power at 10 to 12 Hz (alpha waves; and average power at 17 to 19 Hz (beta waves) went to very high peak values with thiopental, but decreased with alfentanil. In spite ot differences in the opiate studies in the timing ot injection and the relative amount ot drug injected, the variables that proved useful in their response to fentanyl and sutentanil also proved useful with altentanil. In contrast, almost all variables showed a difference in response between alfentanil and thiopental. Supported in part by Janssen Pharmaceutics, Inc. Pisacataway, NJ, and by Diatek Corporation, and the Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Diego, CA.     

Comparison of platelet immunity in patients with SLE and with ITP

Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is characterized by the development of a specific anti-platelet autoantibody immune response mediating the development of thrombocytopenia. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the production of a wide variety of autoantibodies. In 15-20% of SLE cases, patients develop thrombocytopenia which appears to be autoimmune in nature (SLE-TP). To better understand the pathogenesis of the thrombocytopenia associated with SLE, we investigated the overlapping platelet and cellular immune features between SLE and ITP. Thirty-one patients with SLE, eight with SLE-TP, and 17 with ITP, were studied and compared to 60 healthy controls. We evaluated platelet-associated IgG, platelet microparticles, reticulated platelets, platelet HLA-DR expression, in vivo cytokine levels, lymphocyte proliferation, and the T lymphocyte anti-platelet immune response in these patients. Patients with SLE-TP and those with ITP had increased platelet-associated IgG, an increased percentage of platelet microparticles, a higher percentage of reticulated platelets and larger platelets, suggesting antibody-mediated platelet destruction and increased platelet production. More than 50% of patients with ITP had increased HLA-DR on their platelet surface whereas subjects with SLE-TP did not. Analysis of serum cytokines demonstrated increased levels of IL-10, IL-15 and TNF-alpha in patients with SLE, but in those with ITP, only increased levels of IL-15 were seen, no increases in any of these cytokines were observed in patients with in SLE-TP. The ability of lymphocytes to proliferate in response to phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) stimulation was increased in SLE-TP, but was normal in both SLE and ITP. Lymphocytes from subjects with ITP displayed an increased ability to proliferate on exposure to platelets, in contrast, those with SLE-TP did not. While the number of subjects evaluated with SLE-TP was small, these data reveal a number of differences in the immunopathogenesis between SLE-TP and ITP.