腹膜外腹腔镜膀胱外输尿管膀胱再植术的临床应用

[目的]探讨经腹膜外径路腹腔镜下膀胱外输尿管膀胱再植术临床应用的可行性.[方法]应用腹膜外腹腔镜下膀胱外黏膜下隧道式抗反流输尿管膀胱再植术(Lich-Gregoir改良术)治疗10例输尿管出口梗阻患者,其中5例为单纯先天性输尿管末端狭窄;2例为巨输尿管症;3例为重复肾输尿管末端狭窄(2例为双侧性).[结果]10例均获得成功,无中转开放手术.单侧手术时间(107±22)min,出血量(49±16)mL,住院时间(5.8±1.1)d,术后无一例发生并发症.随访3～12个月,B超、静脉肾盂造影和(或)磁共振尿路成像显示肾积水或输尿管扩张明显好转或消失,排泄性膀胱尿道造影观察无一例发生膀胱输尿管反流.[结论]腹膜外径路腹腔镜下膀胱外黏膜下隧道式抗反流输尿管膀胱再植术方法简单、创伤小、并发症少、恢复快、抗反流效果好,值得临床推广.     

腹腔镜黏膜下隧道法行输尿管膀胱再植术1 6例分析

目的 探讨腹腔镜黏膜下隧道法输尿管膀胱再植术的应用价值.方法 回顾性分析腹腔镜黏膜下隧道法输尿管膀胱再植术治疗16例输尿管出口梗阻患者的临床资料.男7例,女9例.其中8例为单纯先天性输尿管末端梗阻,5例为先天性梗阻性巨输尿管症,2例行子宫全切术后发现患侧输尿管末端梗阻,1例为开放输尿管膀胱再植术后再发狭窄.结果 16例手术均获成功.手术时间95～180 min,平均125 min.出血量30～90 mL.平均50mL.术后住院时间4～16 d,平均7.6 d.术后1例发生尿漏,经保守治疗后愈合.随访6～24个月,腰痛症状减轻或消失,无狭窄、尿液反流等并发症.结论 腹腔镜黏膜下隧道法输尿管膀胱再植术是一种安全、有效的微创方法,值得临床推广.     

经腹腔膀胱内途径腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术的临床应用(附8例报告)

目的探讨经腹腔膀胱内途径腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术的可行性及临床价值。方法采用经腹腔膀胱内途径行腹腔镜输尿管膀胱再植术治疗8例输尿管出口狭窄患者。6例为单纯性先天性输尿管出口狭窄;1例为输尿管末端结石行输尿管镜钬激光碎石术后9个月出现狭窄,1例为泌尿系结核右肾切除术后左侧输尿管出口狭窄。B超、IVU等检查示重度肾积水5例,中度肾积水3例。结果 8例手术均获得成功。平均手术时间112 min(90～140 min),平均出血量40 mL(30～60 mL),术后1～3 d拔除膀胱外引流管下床活动,无尿漏发生。术后2周拔除导尿管,7～10 d出院,平均住院时间8 d。术后2～3个月拔除双J管。随访3～12个月,B超、IVU和(或)磁共振尿路成像复查无吻合口狭窄,肾积水和输尿管扩张均得到明显改善或消失,中度肾积水者2例,无明显肾积水者6例。术后排泄性膀胱尿道造影无1例发生膀胱输尿管反流。结论经腹腔膀胱内途径腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术安全可靠,创伤小、并发症少、恢复快,抗反流效果好,有较好的临床应用及推广价值。     

经脐单孔腹腔镜下乳头式输尿管膀胱再植术的手术配合

目的 探讨采用自制单套管多通道套管和常规器械经脐行腹腔镜下乳头式输尿管膀胱再植术的可行性和疗效.方法 本组对9例输尿管末端狭窄或异位开口的患者行腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术手术病例回顾性资料进行分析.结果 全部手术均在单孔腹腔镜下成功完成,无需术中增加套管或开放手术.平均手术时间为87,平均估计失血量小于30ml,无术中并发症发生,术后1d可起床活动,引流管、尿管、双J管分别在2d、7d、30d拔除,内镜下可见输尿管乳头,术后2～3个月静脉尿路造影(IVU)及膀胱尿道造影未见吻合口狭窄和反流,脐部切口美观.结论 经脐单孔腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术具有创伤小、美观经济、恢复快的优点.输尿管乳头式膀胱再植法狭窄率低、抗反流效果好,镜下操作简便,值得推广应用.     

腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术后的护理

目的探讨腹腔镜输尿管膀胱再植术后的护理方法。方法对15例腹腔镜输尿管膀胱再植术后患者进行严密的病情观察以及术后抗返流护理。结果11例患者中，无一例发生术后出血、尿漏、感染等并发症。结论手术后精心护理有助于输尿管膀胱再植术的成功。     

经腹膜腹腔镜输尿管膀胱再植术

目的探讨经腹膜腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术的临床应用价值。方法对1例单纯先天性输尿管出口狭窄和1例输尿管出口狭窄并发下段结石患者，采用腹腔镜行输尿管膀胱壁潜行抗逆流吻合再植术治疗。结果2例手术均获成功，手术时间分别为160、130min，术中出血40、60ml，均于术后72h下床活动，术后住院时间分别为9、10d，术中、术后无并发症。结论腹腔镜输尿管膀胱再植术是一种安全、有效的微创手术方法，实用性较强，有望取代开放手术。     

后腹腔镜手术治疗重复肾双输尿管畸形(附13例报告)

目的 探讨后腹腔镜手术治疗重复肾双输尿管畸形的可行性和疗效.方法 回顾性分析13例重复肾双输尿管畸形的临床资料.重复肾均位于肾上极,其中左侧7例,右侧3例,双侧3例.术前均经影像学确诊.9例行后腹腔镜重复肾重复输尿管切除术,4例行后腹腔镜膀胱外黏膜下隧道式抗反流输尿管膀胱再植术.观察手术时间、术中出血量和术中术后并发症及手术效果.结果 13例手术均获得成功,无中转开放手术.单侧手术时间(115±24)min,出血量(48±21)nL,术后住院时间(6.1±1.6)d,术中术后均未发生严重并发症.随访3～12个月,排泄性尿路造影和(或)磁共振尿路成像显示下半正常肾功能良好,原发病的症状均改善.结论 后腹腔镜手术治疗重复肾双输尿管畸形具有创伤小、并发症少、恢复快,值得临床推广应用.     

腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术治疗输尿管阴道瘘的护理

目的探讨腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术治疗输尿管阴道瘘的护理。方法对10例输尿管阴道瘘患者进行腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术，术前加强心理护理，做好充分的术前准备；术后严密监测生命体征，注意引流管的护理观察，及时处理并发症，做好健康教育指导。结果10例患者手术均一次取得成功，术后5—7d拔除导尿管，1个月后膀胱镜下拔除双J管。术后3个月行B超和静脉肾盂造影检查吻合口无狭窄，膀胱造影未见返流。随访4～26月，症状均消失，肾积水较术前有明显改善。结论对腹腔镜下输尿管膀胱再植术治疗输尿管阴道瘘的患者给予有针对性的心理疏导。完善的术前准备，严密的病情观察，科学及时的护理指导，是手术成功的基础和保证。     

腹腔镜下乳头式输尿管膀胱再植术的临床应用

目的 探讨腹腔镜下乳头式输尿管膀胱再植术的方法和疗效.方法 应用腹腔镜下乳头式输尿管膀胱再植术治疗8例单纯输尿管末端狭窄、4例输尿管末端狭窄合并结石、2例妇科腹腔镜下输尿管末端损伤患者.结果 14例均获得成功.手术时间40~180 min,平均80 min;术中出血40~120mL,住院3~7 d.随访3~12个月,B...     

六针缝合法在腹腔镜下插入式输尿管膀胱再植术中的应用

目的探讨六针缝合法腹腔镜下插入式输尿管膀胱再植术的安全性及有效性。方法回顾性分析2012年3月-2015年9月16例腹腔镜下6(4+2)针缝合法插入式输尿管膀胱再植术的手术视频、临床资料。统计分析手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量、引流管拔除时间、术后住院时间以及术后输尿管反流、狭窄等并发症发生率。结果 16例手术顺利完成,无中转开放病例。手术时间60~125 min,平均85 min。术中出血量20~50 ml,平均32 ml。术后引流量60~400 ml,平均106 ml。引流管拔除时间3~6 d,平均4.2 d。术后住院时间7~10 d,平均8.5 d。16例均获随访,随访时间6~18个月,平均12个月。无吻合口狭窄病例,1例有轻度反流,随访18个月未见加重。结论六针缝合法腹腔镜下插入式输尿管膀胱再植术安全、有效。手术时间明显缩短、没有增加吻合口狭窄及输尿管反流等并发症的发生率,有可能降低吻合口狭窄的发生率。     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.     

Clinical Trial Updates and Hotline Sessions presented at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007

This article provides information and commentaries on trials which were presented at the Hotline and Clinical Trial Update Sessions at the European Society of Cardiology Congress 2007 in Vienna. The key presentations were performed by leading experts in the field with relevant positions in the trials or registries. It is important to note that unpublished reports should be considered as preliminary data, as the analysis may change in the final publications. The comprehensive summaries have been generated from the oral presentation and the webcasts of the European Society of Cardiology and should provide the readers with the most comprehensive information of relevant publications.     

Balance and Boundaries in Grief Counseling: An Intervention Framework for Volunteer Training

Volunteers or paraprofessional counselors are commonly used to provide supportive care to the bereaved. These counselors generally are trained in basic listening skills, providing a generic, nonspecific approach to intervention that remains to be proven effective. The present paper outlines a framework that provides paraprofessionals with a broader model for intervention with the bereaved. Attention to boundaries as a helper and balance in the grief recovery are central to the model. Interventions are described that provide the paraprofessional counselor with more options for tailoring their counseling strategy to the individual. These include techniques that are presumed to be more specific to the enhancement of grief recovery.     

A new method for the simultaneous analysis of unmodified and modified urinary nucleosides and nucleobases by high performance liquid chromatography

Details are given of a new, rapid and simple pre-fractionation method and an isocratic high performance liquid chromatography system suitable for parallel analysis of nucleosides and nucleobases from urine and other biological fluids. The quantitative recovery and excellent reproducibility of the method is demonstrated by analysis of representative standard RNA catabolites. The advantage of this new method for application to biological samples is discussed.     

Adsorption of Charged Non-albumin Bound Drugs by Amorphous Silica

We investigated the in vitro drug adsorption of PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel (AIS, Santa Clara, CA) with particle size of 230 um and surface area of 400 nr/g. We observed 99% to 88% adsorption of gentamicin; a mean 91 % of disopyramide; a mean 89% of quinidine at low concentration, falling to 75% at higher concentration. Insulin was 88% adsorbed at low concentrations but less so (65%) at higher concentrations. We observed a mean 83 % adsorption of procainamide, a mean 84% of N-acetyl procainamide, 74% oflidocaine, 73% of amitriptyline; and 44% of desipramine. We found an average 14% reduction of total digoxin concentration when serum containing digoxin (2 to 33 ng/mL) was exposed to sodium silicate, while the reduction in free digoxin concentration was 16%. Five percent ethosuximide was also removed. The adsorption of theophylline, phenobarbital, acetaminophen, phenytoin, ethylene glycol, methotrexate, salicylate, thiocyanate and diazepam was minimal and not significant. We conclude that significant amounts of charged, non-albumin bound drugs can be removed by PQ 10150 sodium silicate gel.