子宫内膜厚度及绝经时间预测阴道出血及子宫内膜癌的价值

目的探讨绝经后子宫内膜厚度及绝经时间对内膜癌的预测价值。方法127例绝经后阴道出血患者内膜活检术前采用经阴道超声测量子宫内膜厚度,比较良、恶性组患者的发病年龄、平均内膜厚度,并对子宫内膜癌与内膜厚度及绝经时间的关系进行分析。结果127例患者(良性病变115例、内膜癌12例)经阴道超声测量,内膜癌组的平均内膜厚度(14.3±7.3)mm大于内膜良性病变组(7.0±4.4)mm(P<0.01)。其中内膜厚度≥10mm者内膜癌9例(9/45);内膜厚度≤5mm者无一例内膜癌。绝经后1～5年阴道出血者内膜厚度≤8mm、绝经5～15年阴道出血者内膜厚度≤6mm、绝经15年以上阴道出血内膜厚度≤5mm者发生内膜癌的可能性较小。结论内膜厚度及绝经时间与内膜癌的发生有相关性,随着绝经时间及内膜厚度的增加其发病率也增加。超声测量内膜厚度可减少绝经后阴道出血患者的内膜活检率。     

经阴道彩色多普勒超声扫查子宫内膜癌声像图特征及其在病理分期中的应用价值

目的探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声(TVCDS)诊断子宫内膜癌的声像图特征及其在病理分期中的应用价值。方法收集经病理检查确诊的168例子宫内膜癌患者(子宫内膜癌组)和190例子宫内膜增生患者(子宫内膜增生组)的声像图资料,比较两组患者的声像图特征差异,评价TVCDS测定指标(子宫内膜病变回声厚径值和血流参数)对子宫内膜癌分期与病理分期的相关性和一致性。结果子宫内膜癌组绝经前和绝经后发病患者的子宫内膜病变回声厚径值分别为(19.61±5.22)mm和(20.85±5.90)mm,均高于子宫内膜增生组(12.90±3.82)mm和(9.36±3.11)mm,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。子宫内膜癌组中共159例患者探及血流信号,其中20.24%呈高阻力血流,低于子宫内膜增生组(70.00%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05);子宫内膜癌组中33.93%患者呈低阻力血流、40.48%患者为高低阻力并存,均高于子宫内膜增生组(5.79%、16.32%),差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。相关性分析结果显示TVCDS检查分期结果与病理分期结果显著相关(r=0.893,P0.01);一致性分析结果显示TVCDS检查分期与病理分期结果高度一致(Kappa=0.673,P0.01)。结论 TVCDS可以较好地观察子宫内膜癌的血流阻力特征和子宫内膜厚度,其术前TVCDS检查分期与病理分期具有较高的相关性和一致性。     

经阴道彩色超声对绝经后子宫内膜病变的诊断

目的：探讨经阴道彩色超声对绝经后子宫内膜病变的诊断价值。方法：采用经阴道彩色超声回顾性观察200例绝经后子宫出血患者的超声图像特征、子宫内膜厚度及血流阻力指数。结果：子宫内膜癌的内膜厚度明显高于子宫良性病变的内膜厚度,且子宫内膜癌的内膜厚度均〉5 mm;子宫内膜癌的血流阻力指数明显低于良性病变,两项均有统计学差异（P〈0.05）。结论：经阴道彩色超声检查是诊断子宫内膜疾病的常规首选方法。     

经腹和经阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断绝经后子宫内膜病变的比较

【目的】探讨彩色多普勒超声检查绝经后阴道流血患者子宫内膜病变的价值。【方法】比较经腹及经阴道超声检查绝经后阴道流血患者的子宫内膜病变的影像特点,重点观察子宫内膜的厚度,血流分布情况,阻力指数(RI)值。【结果】所有患者均经诊刮有病理结果,不同的子宫内膜病变均有其声像特征。但经阴道彩色多普勒检查内膜病变的病理诊断符合率明显优于经腹彩色多普勒检查。【结论】经阴道彩色多普勒对绝经后妇女子宫内膜出血的病因诊断有重要的临床应用价值。     

绝经后子宫出血患者阴道超声影像学特点与其病理关系的探讨

目的 探讨子宫内膜超声影像学特点在绝经后子宫出血(PMB)中的临床诊断价值.方法 对照分析2002年10月至2011年10月在广州市妇女儿童医疗中心就诊的247例PMB患者诊断性刮宫病理结果与阴道超声所测子宫内膜厚度及其他超声影像学特点的相互关系.结果 PMB病因依次是萎缩性子宫内膜46.15%,子宫内膜增生19.03%,子宫内膜息肉15.79%,绝经后子宫内膜炎11.74%,子宫内膜不典型增生及恶性病变仅占8.50%;良性病变同不典型增生及恶性病变患者的子宫内膜厚度、血流阻力指数(RI)相比差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);不同病变类型的患者其声像图特征各异;如内膜癌主要表现为子宫内膜不均匀增厚,内部回声杂乱不均,可见丰富血流信号,且走行紊乱,其RI多低于0.5(RI=0.38±0.02).结论 彩色多普勒超声检测子宫内膜可作为绝经后子宫异常出血的有效辅助检查或筛查手段,在绝经后功血的保守治疗中可视为随诊观察的指标.     

经阴道彩色多普勒超声对绝经后阴道出血子宫内膜病变的诊断价值

目的探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声(TVCDS)检查对绝经后阴道出血子宫内膜病变的诊断价值。方法选取2018年9月至2019年8月在吴川市人民医院治疗的60例绝经后出血子宫内膜病变患者,所有患者均进行经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查,以病理诊断结果为基准,分析阴道超声诊断的符合率。结果子宫内膜息肉、子宫内膜复杂性增生患者的血流阻力明显高于子宫内膜癌患者,宫腔积液比例明显低于子宫内膜癌患者(P<0.05)。子宫内膜息肉患者的有血流显示比例、子宫内膜增厚>10 mm比例均明显低于子宫内膜复杂性增生、子宫内膜癌(P<0.05)。TVCDS诊断子宫内膜息肉的符合率为92.50%(37/40),诊断子宫内膜复杂性增生符合率为100.00%(8/8),诊断子宫内膜癌符合率为91.67%(11/12)。结论对子宫内膜病变患者进行TVCDS诊断符合率较高,值得推广。     

TVCDS诊断子宫内膜癌的声像特征及在病理分期中的价值

【】 目的 探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声(TVCDS)诊断子宫内膜癌的声像特征及在子宫内膜癌病理分期中的价值。方法 选取2013年1月至2016年7月在我院经病理学检查证实的子宫内膜癌患者168例、190例子宫内膜增生患者的超声声像资料进行研究,对比两组患者的声像特征差异,并以病理学结果作为标准评价TVCDS对子宫内膜癌分期的价值。结果 绝经前和绝经后的子宫内膜患者的子宫内膜病变回声厚径值均高于子宫内膜增生患者,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)子宫内膜患者高阻力血流患者比例20.24%低于子宫内膜增生组的70.00%(P<0.05),子宫内膜患者低阻力血流患者比例33.93%、高低阻力并存40.48%均高于子宫内膜增生组的5.79%、16.32%(P<0.05),两组未探及血流信号患者比例差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);TVCDS检查分期结果与病理学分期结果相关性分析：Spearman r=0.893,P<0.001;TVCDS检查分期与病理学分期结果的一致性分析：kappa值=0.673,P<0.001。结论 TVCDS可以较好观察子宫内膜不同疾病的血流阻力特征、子宫内膜厚度,TVCDS术前分期与病理学分期具有高度的相关性和一致性。     

子宫内膜癌的阴道超声诊断与临床价值

目的探讨经阴道超声诊断子宫内膜癌的临床价值。方法对45例子宫内膜癌患者经阴道超声检查,测量子宫内膜厚度,观察内部回声、边缘轮廓及与周围组织的关系,彩色多普勒超声检查内部及周围血流情况。结果经阴道超声检查子宫内膜癌声像图为子宫内膜增厚、呈等回声或增强回声、轮廓不清晰、不同时期对肌层有不同程度的浸润改变。彩色多普勒测得内部点状或条索状快速低阻血流信号,与病理结果对照,超声诊断率为86.7%。结论阴道超声及彩色多普勒超声诊断子宫内膜癌具有较高符合率,可与其他子宫内膜病变作出鉴别诊断,并可判断内膜癌对肌层的浸润程度,具有重要的临床诊断价值。     

应用彩色多普勒诊断内膜型子宫内膜癌的初步评价

本文报告我院近年来经手术、病理证实11例内膜型子宫内膜癌,术前经彩色多普勒超声诊断,目的在于探讨彩色多普勒超声对该疾病的诊断价值。 资料和方法 本文11例内膜型子宫内膜癌(IEA)患者为绝经后妇女,年龄46～57岁,平均年龄51.5岁。11例内膜型子宫内膜癌均经手术、病理证实。临床表现为绝经后不规则阴道出血,体征无特殊发现。 应用美国Acuson 128XP/10_c型电脑彩超仪,探头频率4MHz。首先采用二维超声探测子宫大小,并仔细观察子宫内膜及宫壁等,测量子宫内膜厚度以纵切子宫测其内膜厚度(包括前后内膜),继之使用彩色多普勒超声观察病变内膜血流分布情况,显示彩色血流信号并记录多普勒频谱及计算阻力指数(RI),若病灶内未能清晰显示血流信号,则用脉冲多普勒作仔细扫查。     

经阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断子宫内膜病变的价值

[目的]探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声对子宫内膜病变的诊断价值.[方法]采用经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查111例子宫内膜病变患者,分析其声像图和血流特征并与病理诊断对照.[结果]子宫内膜病变声像图特征:子宫内膜增生症血流显示3例,子宫内膜息肉5例,子宫黏膜下肌瘤8例,子宫内膜癌9例;经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查子宫内膜病变的诊断结果...     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases by mass drug administration

The prospects for the control of neglected tropical diseases, including soil-transmitted helminthiasis, shistosomiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis and trachoma, through mass drug administration, are exemplified by the elimination of the trachoma as a public-health problem in Morocco. In spite of this and other striking successes, mass drug administration programs are faced with major challenges resulting from suboptimal coverage and lack of efficacy. At current suboptimal coverage rates, programs may need prolongation for an extended period, increasing costs and undermining sustainability. Community participation through health education and information appears to be crucial to improve coverage and to achieve sustainability. Implementation of complementary measures, such as vector control, improved hygiene and environmental sanitation, are important to further control transmission and to prevent re-emergence of the infection and, again, may only be achieved effectively through community-based initiatives. To reduce costs and to relieve pressure on the health system, combining neglected tropical disease programs in areas where diseases coexist and integration with existing control programs for malaria, tuberculosis and HIV/AIDS is advocated. The risk of developing drug resistance is of particular concern in view of the lack of alternative drugs, and reduced treatment efficacy due to emerging resistance is evident for the soil-transmitted helminths and onchocerciasis. Given the risk for the development of drug resistance and the need for a high degree of participation, close attention should be paid to the monitoring of the coverage and efficacy of the different program components.     

Bacterial meningitis: an update of new treatment options

The outcome of bacterial meningitis critically depends on the rapid initiation of bactericidal antibiotic therapy and adequate management of septic shock. In community-acquired meningitis, the choice of an optimum initial empirical antibiotic regimen depends on the regional resistance patterns. Pathogens resistant to antibacterials prevail in nosocomial bacterial meningitis. Dexamethasone is recommended as adjunctive therapy for community-acquired meningitis in developed countries. In comatose patients, aggressive measures to lower intracranial pressure <20 mmHg (in particular, external ventriculostomy, osmotherapy and temporary hyperventilation) were effective in a case–control study. Although many experimental approaches were protective in animal models, none of them has been proven effective in patients. Antibiotics, which are bactericidal but do not lyse bacteria, and inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases or complement factor C5 appear the most promising therapeutic options. At present, vaccination is the most efficient method to reduce disease burden. Palmitoylethanolamide appears promising to enhance the resistance of the brain to infections.     

Imaging choices in occult hip fracture

Background: Hip fracture is a common injury, with an incidence rate of > 250,000 per year in the United States. Diagnosis is particularly important due to the high dependence on the integrity of the hip in the daily life of most people. Objectives: In this article we review the literature focused on hip fracture detection and discuss advantages and limitations of each major imaging modality. Discussion: Plain radiographs are usually sufficient for diagnosis as they are at least 90% sensitive for hip fracture. However, in the 3–4% of Emergency Department (ED) patients having hip X-ray studies who harbor an occult hip fracture, the Emergency Physician must choose among several methods, each with intrinsic limitations, for further evaluation. These methods include computed tomography, scintigraphy, and magnetic resonance imaging. Conclusion: We present an evidence-based algorithm for the evaluation of a patient suspected to have an occult hip fracture in the ED. Also outlined are future directions for research to distinguish more effective techniques for identifying occult hip fractures.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the April 2012 Issue of the Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD but monthly online. The April 2012 issue (second DVD for 2012) contains 5045 complete reviews, 2182 protocols for reviews in production, and 17,084 short summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 674,000 randomized controlled trials, and 15,400 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains just over 11,000 citations. One hundred and seventeen new reviews have been published in the last 3 months of which 12 have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine. The impact factor of the Cochrane Library stands at 6.186. Readers are encouraged to access the full report for any articles of interest as only a brief commentary is provided.     

Platelets,thrombosis, coagulation,and atherosclerosis

When I first got the invitation to join a medical delegation going to Moldova, I thought for a moment that our destination was the fictional country in the old Marx Brothers movie Duck Soup. On further checking, it turns out that entertaining place was called Freedonia. I now know that Moldova is indeed a real country, bordered on the west by Romania and on the other three sides by the Ukraine. It is a proud country, rich with traditions, and its people are warm, giving, eager to learn ways to improve their healthcare system, and deeply appreciative of our attempts to help them in the task.     

Advance Care Planning

Predictors of patient wishes and influence of family and clinicians are discussed. Research findings on patient decision-making relating to preferences in end-of-life care are described. Advance directives and durable powers of attorney are defined and differentiated. Most patients have not participated in advance care planning and the need for more effective planning is documented. Appropriate times for discussions of such planning are described. Scenarios discussed include terminal cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, AIDS, stroke, and dementia. Patient satisfaction is discussed, as is a structured process for discussions about patient preferences. Results of patient responses to hypothetical scenarios are described. Invasiveness of interventions, prognosis and other factors that favor or discourage patient preferences for treatment are discussed. Findings resulting from research funded by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) are discussed. This research can help providers offer end-of-life care based on preferences held by the majority of patients under similar circumstances.     

Spiritual Dimensions of Nursing Practice. edited by V. B. Carson

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviewsis published quarterly. Issue one for 2004 of the library was published in February 2004. This issue contains 3,329 reviews and protocols of which 1,921 are fully published reviews. The trials database now stands at over 400,000 records with an additional 4,427 one-page summaries of non-Cochrane reviews in the NHS database of reviews of effectiveness (DARE). This version of the library contains the results of an extensive search for RCTs on EMBASE. The latest library contains 84 new reviews, seven are considered relevant to practitioners in pain and palliative care. References are published in the same format as the citation for Cochrane reviews.     

Évaluation,par l’imagerie ultrasonore,du recrutement musculaire,de la force motrice et de la détente verticale du quadriceps après électromyostimulation (cas de 15 étudiants de l’INJS)

The increase of strength seems to be an element of performance in some sports.