经阴道彩色多普勒超声对异位妊娠孕囊与黄体囊肿的鉴别诊断

目的:对异位妊娠孕囊与早孕时卵巢黄体囊肿超声特点进行比较,以提高异位妊娠的早期检出率.方法:回顾分析异位妊娠(孕囊型)107例和早孕时卵巢黄体囊肿114例的经阴道超声图像特点,记录异位妊娠孕囊及黄体囊肿大小、灰阶超声图像、彩色血流特点及彩色血流的阻力指数.结果:异位妊娠孕囊平均(1.2±0.5) cm,黄体囊肿平均(2.1±0.7) cm,黄体囊肿有4种类型;有80.37％的异位妊娠孕囊囊壁回声高于卵巢实质回声,而69.30％的黄体囊肿囊壁回声等于或低于卵巢实质回声(P＜0.01);黄体囊肿组囊壁血流阻力指数较异位妊娠孕囊低(P＜0.05).结论:异位妊娠孕囊与卵巢小黄体囊肿可通过比较囊壁回声、血流阻力指数等超声资料及结合临床资料相鉴别.     

比较异位妊娠孕囊与卵巢小黄体囊肿的超声结果

目的:比较异位妊娠孕囊与卵巢小黄体囊肿的超声结果。方法:选取我院在2016年1月至2017年1月期间收拾的70例异位妊娠孕囊患者为研究组,选择同期我院收治的90例卵巢小黄体囊肿患者为对照组,患者均进行超声检查,分析两组的超声检查结果。结果:研究组的孕囊大小为1.32±0.41cm;对照组的孕囊的大小为2.26±0.53cm;研究组的囊壁回声高于卵巢实质回声为92.73%,而对照组为5.06%,组间比较差异显著(P0.05);研究组的囊壁回声高于内膜回声为70.0%,而对照组为1.11%,组间比较差异显著(P0.05);研究组的孕囊周围无卵泡回声为100.0%,明显高于对照组的13.33%(P0.05);研究组的环状或半环状绕壁血流为20.0%,明显低于对照组的87.78%(P0.05);而研究组的条状或点状绕壁血流为68.57%,高于对照组的12.22%(P0.05)。结论:对于异位妊娠孕囊与卵巢小黄体囊肿鉴别,可通过孕囊大小、囊壁回声、血流情况并结合临床进行综合分析,可提高异位妊娠的诊断准确率。     

多超声指标诊断未破裂型异位妊娠

目的 探讨提高未破裂型异位妊娠超声诊断率的方法及应用价值.方法 单独及联合应用已经获得的各超声诊断指标,对疑似异位妊娠的139个附件区厚壁小囊性灶进行前瞻性预测.所有病灶经手术病理及临床长期随访确诊,其中异位妊娠病灶(妊娠囊型)61个,卵巢黄体78个.将各超声指标的预测结果与金标准对照,对各超声指标诊断价值进行评价.结果 囊壁回声高于或等于内膜回声、囊壁回声高于卵巢实质回声、囊肿周围未见小卵泡回声作为诊断异位妊娠孕囊的阳性指标,其各自的敏感度分别是86.89%、93.44%及96.72%,特异度分别为93.59%、85.90%及70.51%,且联合应用两个指标的敏感度为98.36%,特异度为94.87%.结论 判断附件区囊肿与卵巢的关系及比较囊壁回声对异位妊娠有很高的诊断价值.     

超声对早期异位妊娠的鉴别诊断

目的应用腔内超声对异位妊娠导管环与宫内孕黄体囊肿的回声进行鉴别，以提高异位妊娠的早期检出率。方法对比分析46例异位妊娠患者超声探及的导管环与同侧卵巢实质的回声；对照40例正常宫内孕的黄体囊肿与卵巢实质的回声。结果46例异位妊娠中，40例（87％）导管环回声高于或等于卵巢实质；而40例宫内孕中，黄体囊肿周边回声高于卵巢实质的仅有2例（5％），二者差异有非常显著性（P〈0．01）。结论异位妊娠导管环的回声通常比卵巢实质回声高，而黄体囊肿常常与卵巢实质呈等回声或低于卵巢实质回声。     

经阴道彩色多普勒超声检查结合腹部推挤在诊断早期异位妊娠中的应用价值

目的:运用经阴道超声(TVS)结合腹部触诊推挤卵巢时,观察附件区有无与卵巢相对运动的异常包块回声,以提高早期异位妊娠的诊断率.方法:观察126例早期异位妊娠患者(异位妊娠组)子宫内膜厚度、形态、血流分布,结合腹部触诊推挤卵巢,附件区有无与卵巢相对运动的异常包块回声,并与45例宫内早早孕患者(宫内早早孕组)相对照.结果:(1)异位妊娠组子宫内膜厚度、形态与宫内早早孕组比较差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),异位妊娠组血流阻力指数(RI)与宫内早早孕组比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).(2)78.5％ (99/126)异位妊娠包块回声稍高于卵巢实质回声,21.4％(27/126)异位妊娠包块回声与卵巢实质回声相近,推挤时与卵巢均有相对运动;63.4％(80/126)黄体显示环状血流,23.0％(29/126)异位妊娠包块显示环状血流,二者差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).结论:子宫内膜厚度、形态及异位妊娠包块与卵巢的关系和回声比较,可为早期异位妊娠的鉴别诊断提供有价值的信息.     

不同时期长效GnRH-α降调节联合阴道超声引导卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿穿刺术对IVF-ET结局的影响

目的比较长效GnRH-α月经期降调节联合阴道超声引导卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿穿刺术和长效GnRH-α黄体中期降调节结合人绝经期促性腺激素（HMG）促排卵联合阴道超声引导卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿穿刺术对IVF-ET妊娠结局的影响。方法回顾性分析236例因卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿行IVF-ET治疗的不孕患者,长效GnRH-α月经期降调节结合重组人促卵泡素（FSH）促排卵联合异位囊肿穿刺术为常规组,长效GnRH-α黄体期降调节结合HMG促排卵联合异位囊肿穿刺术为改良组,比较两组患者囊肿大小的变化,降调节后激素水平、获卵数、受精率、卵裂率、优质胚胎率、临床妊娠率、流产率及药物费用的差异。结果常规组人绒毛膜促性腺激素（HCG）日黄体生成素（LH）水平、雌二醇（ET）日内膜厚度明显低于改良组,双原核（2PN）受精率、种植率、临床妊娠率显著低于改良组;用药天数、药物费用显著高于改良组（P〈0.05）。两组患者异位囊肿均完全消失。结论长效GnRH-α黄体中期降调节结合HMG促排卵联合阴道超声引导卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿穿刺术,创伤小,费用低,较传统超长方案治疗卵巢异位囊肿不孕患者可达到更好的妊娠结局。     

女性急性下腹痛超声鉴别诊断的临床视角思考题

1．黄体出血囊肿与输卵管妊娠包块的主要鉴别诊断要点？ 答案：（1）异位妊娠有闭经史,妊娠实验检查阳性;黄体出血发生在月经周期的中晚期,排卵后,妊娠实验检查阴性;（2）声像图表现：输卵管妊娠表现为附件区的孕囊或“输卵管环征”,囊壁常较厚,囊内可有卵黄囊或胎极,同侧卵巢结构正常。     

超声对卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的鉴别诊断

目的:探讨卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿与卵巢其它囊性肿物的超声鉴别诊断.方法:对比分析279个术前超声或术后病理诊断为卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的卵巢囊性肿物的声像图表现与病理结果.结果:卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿超声诊断与病理诊断的符合率为94.3%.结论:超声对卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿诊断率高,但仍需与其它囊性肿物相鉴别,部分病例有与卵巢黄体囊肿出血、卵巢脓肿、囊性畸胎瘤、粘液性囊腺瘤、卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿合并感染相似的声像图表现.     

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿的超声表现及误诊分析

目的探讨卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿二维及彩色多普勒超声特征性表现,分析超声误诊原因。方法对手术病理证实为卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿93例患者的术前超声表现进行回顾性分析并行超声分型。结果 93例107个囊肿超声分型表现:Ⅰ型囊肿(正常卵巢型)表现为稍增大卵巢内可见小无回声区,术前超声均未检出(0/3),仅提示卵巢稍增大或含液性改变;Ⅱ型囊肿(单纯囊肿型)表现为无回声区,边界清晰,伴后方回声增强;术前超声仅检出1个囊肿,误诊10个囊肿(10/11);Ⅲ型囊肿(囊内点状高回声型)表现为无回声区,内部见均匀点状高回声,似云雾状;术前超声检出26个囊肿,仅误诊2个囊肿(2/28);Ⅳ型囊肿(多囊型)表现为无回声区,内部见带状间隔或伴密集点状高回声;术前超声检出16个囊肿,误诊13个囊肿(13/29);Ⅴ型囊肿(混合型)表现为无回声区内见稍高回声或伴密集点状高回声及带状间隔,或表现分层征;术前超声检出22个囊肿,误诊11个囊肿(11/33);Ⅵ型囊肿(实质型)表现为低回声,内部可见稍高回声;术前超声均未检出囊肿(0/3)。107个囊肿术前超声以Ⅲ型囊肿检出个数居多(26/28),误诊个数少(2/28);6型中共误诊42个囊肿(39.3%),分别为Ⅰ型(3/3)、Ⅱ型(10/11)、Ⅳ型(13/39)、Ⅴ型(11/33)和Ⅵ型(3/3)。其中误诊为卵巢单纯囊肿15个、卵巢囊腺瘤7个、卵巢畸胎瘤2个、卵巢肿瘤6个、子宫浆膜下肌瘤2个、炎性包块2个、囊肿性质待定5个,卵巢稍大或含液性改变3个。结论Ⅲ型卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿声像图表现为无回声区,边界清晰,壁毛糙或稍增厚,内部可见点状高回声,结合临床表现超声易于作出正确诊断;Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ及Ⅵ型卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿均易误诊,需与卵巢单纯囊肿、畸胎瘤、囊腺瘤、子宫浆膜下肌瘤及盆腔炎性肿块声像图相鉴别。     

经阴道彩色多普勒超声诊断卵巢黄体囊肿破裂36例分析

目的:探讨经阴道彩色多普勒超声在卵巢黄体囊肿破裂的诊断价值.方法:回顾性分析36例卵巢黄体囊肿破裂经阴道彩色多普勒超声表现,检查结果与手术病理结果进行对照.结果:超声显示患侧卵巢增大,内见囊性结构,中等回声团包裹卵巢,伴不同程度的腹盆腔积液;彩色多普勒黄体囊肿周边见特征性环状血流信号.结论:经阴道彩色多普勒超声能明显提高卵巢黄体囊肿破裂的诊断率,为卵巢黄体囊肿破裂与异位妊娠的鉴别诊断提供有价值的信息.     

Guns and Knives in New Mexico: Patterns of Penetrating Trauma, 1978–1993

Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.     

Dissociable correlates of two classes of retrieval processing in prefrontal cortex

Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.     

Systematic Reviews Published in the January 2011 Issue of The Cochrane Library

ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.     

Interprofessional approaches to creating safe,high quality health care

Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.     

Determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum using immunological inhibition of creatine kinase M subunit activity. Activity kinetics and diagnostic significance in myocardial infarction.

This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.     

Modified micro-superior percutaneously-assisted total hip: early experiences & case reports

Because of the extensile nature and familiarity of the standard posterior-lateral approach to the hip, a family of "micro-posterior" approaches has been developed. This family includes the Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (PATH) approach, the Supercapsular (SuperCap) approach and a newer hybrid approach, the Supercapsular Percutaneously-Assisted Total Hip (SuperPATH) approach. Such approaches should ideally provide a continuum for the surgeon: from a "micro" (external rotator sparing) posterior approach, to a "mini" (external rotator sacrificing) posterior approach, to a standard posterior approach. This could keep a surgeon within his comfort zone during the learning curve of the procedure, while leaving options for complicated reconstructions for the more practiced micro-posterior surgeons. This paper details one author's experiences utilizing this combined approach, as well as permutations of this entire micro-posterior family of approaches as applied to more complex hip reconstructions.     

Prise en charge des entorses externes de cheville : étude clinique préliminaire sur l’efficacité du dispositif Myolux™

Ankle sprains are the most common injury of the musculoskeletal system and are associated with significant societal and economic impacts. It has been proven that classical therapeutic strategies may not be effective in preventing recurrent injuries: the recurrence rates reported in the literature can reach 73%. In order to provide an effective rehabilitation solution, a destabilizing orthosis was developed. This device is equipped with a mechanical articulator reproducing the subtalar mechanics and placed under the heel. In this paper, we present the main results of a preliminary clinical study conducted between 2004 and 2007. All subjects included in this study were treated with the abovementioned orthosis during 10 rehabilitation sessions of 30 minutes each. Data show a relatively low recurrence rate of 12% for the overall population. Moreover, it's of primary importance to note that this satisfactory ratio is largely reduced (3% of recurrence rate) for the 29 patients who performed one training session per month after the 10th initial rehabilitation sessions. Hence, the destabilizing orthosis appears to be an effective solution to prevent recurrent ankle sprains. However, joint protection requires long-term and regular training sessions. This result has motivated the development of a similar device allowing patients to perform training sessions at home. Finally, data obtained in this study are promising awaiting the final results of the comparative, multicentric and independent clinical trials currently managed by the Hospices Civils de Lyon.