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1.
目的:探讨MRI结合肿瘤侵犯肠壁周径程度在直肠癌T分期中的临床应用。方法:回顾性分析79例直肠癌患者,分别以常规分期、常规分期结合肿瘤侵犯肠周径程度两种方法进行T分期。后者针对低场强MRI鉴别T2期和T3期患者困难时,结合肿瘤侵犯肠壁周径(以肿瘤侵犯肠壁1/2周径为界:〈1/2周径为T2期,≥1/2周径为T3期)进行分期。以术后病理T分期为对照,分析两种方法在评估直肠癌T分期中的应用价值。结果:结合环周径分期和常规分期预测病理T分期的Kappa值分别为0.688和0.331(P〈0.05)。结合环周径分期对直肠癌≤T2期和T3/T4期的诊断参数均优于常规分期方法,前者AUC(ROC曲线下面积)值高于后者(0.905 vs 0.662,P〈0.05)。结论:常规分期结合肿瘤侵犯肠壁周径程度可提高T分期的准确度,尤其是提高T2期和T3期的鉴别,从而为直肠癌多学科诊疗团队(MDT)提供有效的信息。  相似文献   

2.
宫颈癌MRI分期与病理对照研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 探讨宫颈癌磁共振成像(MRI)分期与病理分期的相关性.方法 80例经手术或活检病理证实的宫颈癌患者行盆腔MRI检查,MRI的成像序列包括T1加权像、T2加权像、脂肪抑制T2加权像、弥散加权成像,以及钆喷酸葡胺增强T1加权像.观察肿瘤的位置、信号特征及侵犯范围.将MRI所见与病理结果相对比.结果 MRI对宫颈癌分期总的准确率为88.73%.对宫旁侵犯判断的准确率为92.50%,特异度为91.18%,敏感度为100%.MRI与病理诊断的差异主要与宫旁浸润的评价差异有关.结论 MRI在宫颈癌临床分期中具有很高的准确性,是宫颈癌诊断中重要的影像学手段.  相似文献   

3.
目的探讨常规MRI与弥散加权成像(DWI)测量的肿瘤容积对直肠癌TN分期的诊断价值。材料与方法对经肠镜确诊的74例直肠癌患者行盆腔3.0 T MRI检査。分析MRI对直肠癌术前TN分期的准确性,用检验评价MRI术前TN分期与病理分期的一致性。用单因素方差分析评价DWI(b=10000 s/mm~2)测量的肿瘤容积与病理TN分期的相关性。结果MRI诊断直肠癌T、N分期的准确率分别为87.8%(66/74)、66.2%(49/74);病理学和MRI对T分期诊断有较好的一致性(Kappa=0.78,P=0.000)、对N分期诊断一致性较差(Kappa=0.33,F=0.000)。在DWI上测量肿瘤容积≤T2期、T3期、T4期分别为(4145.13±718,00)mm~3、(14939.73±3591.38)mm~3、(22714.76±4251.71)mm~3;N0期、N1期、N2期分别为(14367.15±6425.83)mm~3,(17967.69±5259.88)mm~3、(19464.00±3588.77)DWI测肿瘤容积越大直肠癌T分期越高,差异有统计学意义(F=75.189,P=0.000);肿瘤容积与直肠癌不同N分期间差异有统计学意义(F=3.545,P=0.034)。结论MRI评价直肠癌T分期准确率较高,对N分期也有一定诊断价值。MR肿瘤容积测量对直肠癌TN分期有重要参考价值。  相似文献   

4.
目的 探讨MRI相控阵线圈在直肠癌术前分期中的应用价值.方法 43例经病理证实的直肠癌患者,术前应用MRI体表相控阵线圈检查.将术前MRIT分期结果及淋巴结转移诊断与术后病理组织学对照.结果 43例直肠癌病例术前T分期诊断准确率81.4%.诊断淋巴结转移的准确率83.7%.敏感度78.9%,特异度87.5%.转移性淋巴结在T2WI上表现为混杂信号,边缘形态不规则.结论 MRI体表相控阵线圈检查对于直肠癌T分期有着较高的诊断准确率,转移性淋巴结在MRI上具有一定特异性征象,MRI相控阵线圈在直肠癌术前分期中有较高的临床价值.  相似文献   

5.
对直肠内超声诊断用于直肠癌术前分期的探讨   总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
目的评估直肠内超声诊断(transrectalultrasonography,TRUS)对直肠癌术前T分期的价值。方法收集原发性直肠癌45例。观察肿块大小、形态、回声、方位、浸润周径、深度及邻近组织脏器受累。结果45例中,TRUS检出42例;超声分期(uT)与病理分期(pT)相符32例,符合率76%。TRUS所测肿瘤长、短径与pT无明显关系(P=0.083、0.499),而侵犯周径则与pT有关(P=0.015)。结论对于多数直肠癌患者,TRUS是其T分期的有效手段;难以判断肿瘤浸润深度时,结合侵犯周径可提高分期准确性。  相似文献   

6.
目的:探讨MRI对T3、T4期直肠癌术前新辅助治疗疗效的评价.方法:回顾性分析45例经病理证实的T3、T4期直肠癌患者术前新辅助治疗前后的MRI影像资料.分析肿瘤大小、肿瘤累及肠管周径的范围、累及肠管的长度范围、增强表现、侵犯层次、管周筋膜情况、管周淋巴结有无肿大、直肠周围器官累及情况、T分期.结果:术前新辅助治疗前后MRI检查对45例直肠肿瘤病变均显示良好,术前新辅助治疗前肿瘤3~≤5 cm 15例,>5 cm 30例;累及肠管周径1/2以上未达全周径17例,全周径28例;累及肠管长度3.0~≤5.0 cm 14例,>5.0 cm 31例;侵犯肌层19例,侵犯直肠系膜15例,侵犯系膜筋膜11例;45例肿瘤均表现为中等度强化,累及周围器官26例;45例DWI均表现为高信号,ADC值均降低;T3期19例,T4期26例.术前新辅助治疗后肿瘤大小<1.0 cm 10例,1.0~<3.0 cm 18例,3.0~<5.0 cm 13例,≥5 cm 4例;累及肠管周径<1/3 7例,1/3~<1/2 19例,1/2~<全部周径10例,全部周径9例;累及肠管长度<1.0 cm 8例,1.0~<3.0 cm 25例,3.0~<5.0 cm 9例,≥5.0cm3例;侵犯黏膜层及黏膜下层15例,肌层25例,直肠系膜5例;45例肿瘤均表现为轻度强化,累及周围器官5例;45例DWI均表现为低信号,ADC值均升高.术前新辅助治疗后T分期变化:T1期5例,T2期28例,T3期7例,T4期5例.术后病理分期:T1期4例,T2期29例,T3期7例,T4a期2例,T4b期3例.结论:MRI可以对直肠癌T3、T4期患者术前新辅助治疗前后做出良好的分期,能够正确判断直肠癌术前新辅助治疗后的降期情况.  相似文献   

7.
目的探讨高分辨率MRI动态增强扫描在直肠癌术前TN分期及手术方式选取中的应用价值。材料与方法回顾性分析本院经肠镜病理确诊的154例直肠癌患者,所有患者均于术前接受高分辨率MRI动态增强扫描并进行肿瘤TN分期,根据术前分期结果拟定手术方式,比较术前拟定手术方式与最终手术方式的差异。结果154例直肠癌患者中,高分辨率MRI动态增强扫描对于直肠癌MRI表现T分期准确性为87.7%,N分期准确性为38.9%。拟定术式与实际术式符合率为95.5%,差异无统计学意义(P=0.480),拟定术式与实际术式一致性很强(Kappa值=0.873)。117例中高位直肠癌拟定手术方式与实际手术方式的符合率为98.2%,拟定术式与实际术式一致性很强(Kappa值=0.915)。37例低位直肠癌拟定手术方式与实际手术方式符合率为86.5%,拟定术式与实际术式一致性较强(Kappa值=0.643)。结论高分辨率MRI动态增强扫描对于直肠癌术前T分期的准确度、敏感度及特异度较高,与病理诊断相接近,拟定手术方式与实际手术方式一致性高,高分辨率MRI动态增强扫描对于直肠癌术前T分期及手术方式的选择有较高的临床应用价值。  相似文献   

8.
目的:评价MRI技术在直肠癌术前TN分期中的诊断价值。方法:对60例直肠腺癌患者用MRI振进行TN分期,并与病理结果对照,用κ统计分析法处理结果。结果:MRI检测T分期患者直肠壁浸润深度的灵敏度为77.8%,特异度81.8%,准确度80%,经统计分析证实MRI术前其分期与病理分期结果的一致性中等(κ值为0.596);MRI检测N分期患者直肠壁浸润深度的灵敏度为85.3%,特异度69.2%,准确度78.3%,经统计分析证实MRI术前分期与病理分期结果的一致性中等(TN分期κ值分别为0.596和0.553);结论:MRI可较准确地评估直肠肿瘤浸润深度和淋巴结转移情况,并作出较准确的直肠癌术前TN分期。  相似文献   

9.
王亚宁  时高峰  杜煜 《临床荟萃》2010,25(21):1859-1863
目的结合术后病理结果比较螺旋CT与磁共振(MR)对直肠癌术前分期的诊断价值。方法经手术病理证实的结直肠癌患者共106例。采用GE Light Speed Pro 32排螺旋CT行平扫及增强扫描。采用Si mensAvanto 1.5 T超导型磁共振仪,均采用相控阵线圈行平扫及增强扫描。CT和MR对结直肠癌术前分期与术后病理对照进行比较。结果螺旋CT判断浸润深度(T)分期总的准确率为75.5%,T1-2的准确率为50.0%,T3的准确率为88.2%,T4的准确率为81.1%。MR判断T分期总的准确率为92.5%,T1-2:的准确率为92.6%,T3的准确率为94.1%,T4期的准确率为90.9%。MR对T1-2分期的准确率明显高于螺旋CT(P〈0.05);MR对T3、T4分期的准确率与螺旋CT相比差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.366、0.772,P〉0.05)。CT、MR扫描和磁共振弥散加权(DWI-MRI)扫描3种方法淋巴结分期结果与组织病理学结果的符合率分别为56.6%、58.5%、73.6%。DWI-MR扫描的敏感度及阴性预测值最高,分别为92.3%和88.2%,CT为75%和66.7%,MRI扫描为42.6%和57.1%。DWI-MR扫描的特异度为55.6%,介于常规MR扫描(74.1%)和CT(41.3%)之间。DWI-MR扫描的阳性预测值为66.7%,略高于CT(51.4%)和MR扫描(61.1%)。经χ2检验分析,DWI-MR扫描诊断结果与组织病理结果具有中等一致性Kappa=13.927(P〈0.01);CT和常规MR扫描的诊断结果与组织病理结果无明显一致性(Kappa=1.128、1.585,P〉0.05)。结论本研究通过与手术后病理分期比较显示,螺旋CT和MR对于直肠癌术前分期具有非常重要的意义,在判断直肠癌T分期方面,MR优于螺旋CT,可以作为直肠癌术前分期的首选方法。本研究通过对比CT、常规MR和DWI-MR在直肠癌淋巴结分期的诊断表现,显示出DWI-MR诊断结果与病理学结果具有较好的相关性,提示DWI-MR能够更为准确的预测直肠癌区域淋巴结转移情况。DWI因其功能成像的特点,提升了MR检出转移淋巴结的能力。  相似文献   

10.
目的比较高分辨率MRI与Revolution CT增强扫描成像在直肠癌术前T分期诊断中的应用价值。方法我院接受治疗的74例经病理学确诊的直肠癌患者,术前均行高分辨率MRI与Revolution CT增强扫描成像检查。分析高分辨率MRI、Revolution CT增强扫描成像与病理诊断结果一致性,并比较高分辨率MRI与Revolution CT增强扫描成像对直肠癌术前T分期诊断符合率。结果 Kappa一致性检验显示,高分辨率MRI、Revolution CT增强扫描成像与病理诊断结果一致性均为优(Kappa值=0.888,0.820)。高分辨率MRI对直肠癌T分期总诊断符合率为93.2%,Revolution CT增强扫描成像对直肠癌T分期总诊断符合率为89.2%,组间差异无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论高分辨率MRI、Revolution CT增强扫描成像与直肠癌术前T分期的病理诊断结果一致性均较好,均具有较高的诊断符合率,临床上可根据患者具体情况选择适宜的检查。  相似文献   

11.
Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.  相似文献   

12.
Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.  相似文献   

13.
ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.  相似文献   

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15.
This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.  相似文献   

16.
Ranganath C  Heller AS  Wilding EL 《NeuroImage》2007,35(4):1663-1673
Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.  相似文献   

17.
目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4%(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7%(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3%(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1% (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9% (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8%(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大<6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8~10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1%(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9%(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2%(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 %(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.  相似文献   

18.
The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.  相似文献   

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目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高<20%视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P<0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P<0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P<0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.  相似文献   

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