肝硬化合并上消化道出血的护理对策

目的探讨肝硬化合并上消化道出血的临床急救和护理方法。方法回顾分析112例肝硬化合并上消化道出血的护理体会。结果112例患者痊愈出院101例，未愈自动出院2例，死亡9例。死亡原因：失血性休克7例，肝性脑病引起肝肾综合征1例，肝性脑病合并感染1例。结论加强临床急救和预见性护理可以增加治愈率，减少上消化道出血后肝性脑病和继发性感染的发生；详尽的心理、饮食护理和出院指导可以减少并发症的反复发作。     

肝硬化合并上消化道出血108例的护理

目的:探讨肝硬化合并上消化道出血的临床护理和预见性观察病情方法.方法:回顾分析108例肝硬化合并上消化道出血的护理体会.结果:本组痊愈出院96例,自动出院7例,死亡5例.死亡原因:失血性休克3例,肝性脑病引起肝肾综合征1例,肝性脑病合并感染1例.结论:加强临床急救和预见性护理可以增加治愈率,减少上消化道出血后肝性脑病和继发性感染的发生;有效的心理、饮食护理和健康教育可以减少并发症的反复发作.     

高原酒精性肝硬化合并上消化道出血的临床观察和护理

目的：探讨高原酒精性肝硬化合并上消化道出血的临床观察要点和护理方法。方法：回顾分析57例酒精性肝硬化合并上消化道出血的护理体会。结果：57例患痊愈出院45例，未愈自动出院4例，死亡8例。结论：加强临床观察和护理可以减少上消化道出血后肝性脑病、继发性感染和多脏器功能不全的发生；详尽的心理、饮食护理和出院随访可以减少并发症的反复发作。     

肝硬化合并上消化道出血的护理

目的 探讨肝硬化合并上消化出血的护理方法.方法 回顾本院2006～2009年收住47例肝硬化合并上消化出血护理体会.结果 1w内出血停止31例,2 w内出血停止9例,放弃治疗自动出院4例,因出血不止或并发其他并发症而死亡3例.结论 做好临床急救和预见性护理可增加治愈率,减少出血后肝性脑病和继发感染的发生,降低死亡率.     

护理程序在肝硬化并上消化道出血172例中的应用

目的：探讨肝硬化并上消化道出血的程序化护理。方法：回顾总结应用护理程序对172例肝硬化并上消化道出血的护理体会。结果：本组痊愈出院166例,自动出院3例,死亡3例,死亡原因：失血性休克1例,肝性脑病2例,护理工作满意度达95%以上。结论：应用程序化护理,能增强护理人员的责任心,减少并发症发生,提高疗效及护理工作满意度。     

肝硬化门脉高压并发上消化道出血患者的临床护理

目的 探讨肝硬化门脉高压并发上消化道出血患者的临床护理措施.方法 对收治的68例肝硬化门脉高压并发上消化道出血患者采取预见性护理和针对性护理措施,并对结局进行观察.结果 经积极治疗及护理后康复出院60例,未愈自动出院7例,死亡1例.结论 护理干预措施对肝硬化门脉高压并发上消化道出血患者起到降低死亡率、提高生存质量的重要作用,值得临床推广.     

肝性脑病患者早期的临床观察与护理

目的探讨肝硬化患者发生肝性脑病的诱因、护理对策和临床观察要点，提高护理水平。方法回顾分析2002年10月至2005年1月33例肝炎后肝硬化发生肝性脑病患者的临床资料，总结护理措施。结果33例患者痊愈20例，好转8例，未愈自动出院3例，死亡2例。结论加强临床观察和护理可以减少肝硬化患者肝性脑病的发生，提高患者的生存率和生活质量。     

综合护理干预在肝硬化合并上消化道出血患者中的应用疗效

目的探讨综合护理干预在肝硬化合并上消化道出血患者中的应用疗效。方法选择2019年4月—2019年10月本科室收治的60例肝硬化合并上消化道出血患者作为研究对象,随机分为观察组及对照组各30例。对照组采用常规的护理,观察组在此基础上进行综合护理干预,对两组的临床护理效果进行对比分析。结果观察组抢救成功率明显高于对照组(P0.05),而观察组出血次数和满意度程度优于对照组(P0.05),差异有统计学意义。结论采用综合护理干预的模式对患者进行护理,患者的症状明显改善,能够明显提高肝硬化合并上消化道出血患者的抢救成功率,减少消化道出血次数以及肝性脑病的发生率,减少死亡的发生,提升患者对医护人员的满意度,缩短康复周期,提高患者的生活质量,值得在临床护理中推广应用。     

肝硬化并上消化道出血的急救与护理

目的：探讨肝硬化合并上消化道出血的临床急：改和护理方法。方法：回顾13例肝硬化合并上消化道出血的护理体会。结果：13例患者痊愈出院11例，好转出院1例。手术1例，结论：迅速建立静脉通道，及时扩容纠正休克，精心护理是治疗肝硬化并上消化道出血的有力保证。     

肝性脑病早期识别及护理对策

2002年1月～2007年9月,我院共收治75例肝硬化伴肝性脑病患者,其中32例为亚临床肝性脑病(SHE),经严密观察,均未发展至昏迷前期.现将肝性脑病的早期识别及护理对策报告如下. 1 临床资料 本组75例,男59例,女16例,18～75岁,平均54.50±11.30岁.其中合并上消化道出血33例,腹水18例,低蛋白血症24例.经积极救治与护理,75例肝性脑病患者中治愈、好转53例,自动出院8例,死亡14例.     

Therapeutic upper endoscopy

Endoscopy continues to evolve now and in the future with advances in diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. Advances in therapeutic procedures consist of cheaper and more effective instrumentation, the use of novel biologicals for site-specific therapy, and the introduction of bold new approaches such as endoscopic transluminal interventions. The invention and implementation of these changes, however, is dependent on improvements in technology and the creation of an enlightened cadre of endoscopists with the knowledge and ability to be effective translational scientists.     

Subcutaneous emphysema of upper limb

Emerg Med J (Emerg Med J 2001;18:522)     

Orthoses of the upper limb

This article presents the medical indications and contemporary technological capabilities in the orthotic treatment of the upper limb. The devices that today constitute an integral part of therapeutic procedures are presented, as well as the potential created by the application of low-temperature thermoplastic materials. Therapeutic success is conditioned by professional cooperation between the physician, the kinesitherapist, the orthotic technician, and the patient.     

Viral upper respiratory infections

Clinical practice guidelines (CPG) hold great potential for providing a summary of large volumes of clinical evidence and a related set of practical recommendations. Nurse practitioners should become aware of the range of available CPGs and methods by which they can be evaluated for use. Appropriate evaluation of CPGs should include their overall reliability and validity, as well as their applicability in specific situations. This article is part of an ongoing series presenting individual CPGs.     

Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding

Nonvariceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding (NVUGIB) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality. The etiological role and the relative risk of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in association with other clinical factors are the focus of several papers published in the last year. Data from studies that evaluate the interaction of NSAIDs with Helicobacter pylori suggest that there is a clear role for eradication in aspirin-related bleeding. Although the benefit of H. pylori eradication in nonaspirin NSAID-related bleeding is being debated, they should both be eliminated given their relative contribution to the causation of peptic ulcer hemorrhage. The search for reliable and accurate tools to predict outcomes after NVUGIB continues. Recent important contributions in this area of research are the use of a clinical prediction guide to identify patients who are likely to require endoscopic intervention, and the use of Doppler ultrasound examination of the ulcer base to predict rebleeding. The role of antisecretory therapy in the setting of acute NVUGIB has been revisited in two meta-analyses and one randomized, placebo-controlled trial of omeprazole as an adjunct to endoscopic intervention. Until more definitive data are available, it appears that the effect of acid-decreasing medications is more important when endoscopic therapy is not provided than when effective endoscopic intervention is instituted. With regard to therapeutic endoscopy for upper gastrointestinal bleeding, the few randomized trials that have been published in full form in the last year focus on the use of mechanical methods of hemostasis for peptic ulcer bleeding and other etiologies such as Mallory-Weiss tears and Dieulafoy lesions.