首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
目的观察系统康复护理对膝关节周围损伤患者功能恢复的影响。方法 40例膝关节周围损伤患者术后第1天即开始系统康复护理,包括心理护理,物理因子治疗,肌力训练以及关节活动度训练等。待关节活动度>90°时,可以让患者出院在家中继续进行康复训练,对患者的康复训练情况进行严密监测并定期随访。结果术后12个月时发现患者膝关节屈曲角度平均增加65.35°,患者髌上10 cm处大腿周径较康复治疗前增加约4 cm;患者膝部肌群肌力随着关节曲伸角度增大而迅速改善。结论系统康复护理对膝关节周围损伤患者术后疗效具有重要意义,能进一步提高膝关节活动度,促进膝关节功能恢复。  相似文献   

2.
功能康复链在全膝关节置换术中的应用   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
宁宁  杨晓春  张泽琼 《现代护理》2005,11(14):1161-1162
目的探讨“功能康复链”在全膝关节置换术中的应用。方法选择2002年5月~2004年7月在我院行全膝关节置换(TKR)手术的患者41例。入院后即开始实施系统的康复治疗方案,分四个阶段进行,即术前评估阶段、起始康复阶段、递进康复阶段、全面康复阶段。结果病例随访6个月。出院时,膝关节活动度伸(10.1±10.8)°,屈(10.3±9.4)°。6个月后膝关节功能评分,优36例,良3例,中2例,优良率为95.12%。结论“功能康复链”在全膝关节置换术的应用,可提高TKR手术的治疗效果,对于维持膝关节的稳定性、恢复膝关节的活动范围,提高TKR患者的生活质量起到非常重要的作用。  相似文献   

3.
全膝关节置换术围手术期康复管理及其疗效评定   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
杜金刚 《中国康复》2010,25(4):270-271
目的:探讨围手术期康复管理对人工全膝关节置换术(TKR)后患者关节功能恢复的影响。方法:170例膝TKR患者分为康复组和对照组各85例,均接受TKR手术及常规的治疗与护理,术后CPM机功能训练。康复组患者在围手术期制定管理程度:术前健康教育;术后分期康复治疗,主要为呼吸、肌力及关节活动度(ROM)训练,平衡功能、本体感觉、步态和独立转移能力训练。2组治疗前后均采用美国HSS膝关节功能评分和ROM测定。结果:术后7及14d时,2组HSS膝关节功能评分和ROM测评均明显高于治疗前(P0.05,0.01)康复组均明显高于对照组(均P0.05,0.01)。结论:TKR围手术期康复管理对患者的功能恢复有十分重要的意义。  相似文献   

4.
全膝关节置换术后个性化系统康复的疗效观察   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5       下载免费PDF全文
目的:探讨个性化系统康复对仝膝关节置换术(TKR)后功能恢复的作用,以及对术后住院时间的影响.方法:选择TKR手术患者44例,随机分成系统康复训练组(22例)和对照组(22例).两组均接受骨科常规治疗、护理和功能锻炼指导.康复组除接受骨科常规治疗外,入院后根据患者情况由康复医学科制定个性化系统的康复治疗方案,康复治疗方案分为4个阶段:第一阶段(术前第4天)、第二阶段(术后第0-3天)、第三阶段(术后第4-14天)、第四阶段(术后第15-60天).康复治疗内容包括呼吸训练、肌力训练、关节活动度训练、平衡功能、本体感觉、步态和独立转移能力训练.于手术治疗前4d,手术后第14天及第60天进行评价,指标包括:美国膝关节学会评分(AKSS)、膝关节活动范围(ROM)、手术后住院天数.结果:康复组和对照组手术前各项观察指标经统计学分析差异无显著性意义(P>0.05),康复组在第14天AKSS关节和功能评分值优于对照组(P<0.05),第60天AKSS关节和功能评分值明显优于对照组(P<0.01),ROM测定值均优于对照组(P<0.01),手术后住院天数短于对照组(P<0.05).结论:个性化系统康复治疗町促进TKR术后患者的功能恢复;增加手术后膝关节的关节活动范围;缩短患者手术后的住院天数.  相似文献   

5.
综合康复治疗创伤后屈膝功能障碍的疗效观察   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0       下载免费PDF全文
1资料与方法1.1一般资料2001年1月—2005年10月我院收治创伤后屈膝功能障碍患者21例,男15例,女6例;年龄18—49岁,平均32岁;术前全膝关节置换术评分(hospital of special of surgery,HSS)为74分;左侧9例,右侧12例。病因:股骨干及股骨髁上骨折17例,胫骨平台骨折3例,髌骨骨折1例。病程为8—46个月,平均16个月。术前活动度10°—55°,平均31°;术前伸膝0—5°,平均0.7°;术前屈膝10°—55°,平均31.7°。1.2治疗方法1.2.1术前康复教育:心理康复状况在很大程度上影响肢体功能的康复[1]。术前应向患者解释术后功能训练的重要性,从而使患者真正认…  相似文献   

6.
目的 加强创伤性膝关节粘连松解围手术科学的康复护理,增加肌力及加大关节活动度锻炼, 防止术中松解后关节活动度再度丢失,以获得最佳治疗效果。方法 通过手术松解膝关节周围粘连组织,围手术期运用心理护理、CPM锻炼、主被动功能锻炼、止痛等手段指导患者进行科学的功能康复。结果 术前膝关节活动度为10~60°,平均38±8.2°,术后随访时活动度为89~135°,平均112±5.4°,手术前后增加74°。所有患者术后无伤口坏死、骨折等并发症。结论 科学而系统的康复护理,在创伤性膝关节僵硬患者粘连松解围手术期具有重要意义,在护理过程中应给予高度重视。  相似文献   

7.
目的:观察膝关节镜手术松解和术后膝关节伸屈主被动训练治疗膝关节粘连的随访效果。方法:对象为2002-12/2004-08南京医科大学第一附属医院关节中心收治的24例膝关节粘连患者,均为经正规保守治疗,膝关节活动度小于90°。所有患者接受膝关节镜下松解治疗:连续硬膜外阻滞麻醉,术前手法推拿松解,了解活动度增加的情况;术中屈曲膝关节对关节内、外间隙及髁间窝粘连进行松解;退出关节镜后轻柔手法松解。手法松解与镜下松解清理交替反复进行,直至膝关节屈曲达110°以上,伸直为0°。再次行关节镜下全面清理及软骨修整。术后行膝关节的主被动屈伸康复训练:①伸膝训练:术后第1~2天,首先行伸膝功能训练,膝关节达到或接近伸直位后,转为股四头肌等长收缩训练,股四头肌内侧头的收缩每次维持10s,20次为1组,每天练习3~5组。②屈膝训练:术后第1天开始持续被动活动机功能训练,每天两三次,1.0~1.5h/次,其起始角度设置为术前活动度增加5°~10°,每天增加5°~10°,直至达到或接近术中最大活动度,10d左右。出院后继续每天进行膝关节伸屈主被动训练,连续半年以上。所有病例术后每月随诊1次,记录膝关节的伸屈度数(膝关节活动范围110°~125°为优,90°~109°为良,60°~89°为可,60°以下为差)、行走的改善情况及并发症发生情况。结果:术后平均随访6个月,按实际完成处理,24例均进入结果分析。①膝关节功能恢复评价:3个月平均活动度从54°(20°~90°)增加至103°(70°~125°),平均增加49°;优8例,良12例,可4例。半年增加至115°(75°~130°),平均增加61°(40°~100°);优10例,良11例,可3例。无一例患者发生再粘连,步态改善,跛行消失,关节无肿痛,能交替上下楼,有22例患者自觉关节不灵活,增加活动后可缓解。②术后并发症:10例患者出现关节腔积血,行关节穿刺治疗;有1例发生关节内感染,在关节镜下冲洗,控制感染后,3周后再次手法松解,膝关节屈曲达95°;无骨折、韧带断裂等严重并发症发生。结论:采用关节镜下松解的方法治疗关节粘连具有创伤小,并发症少等优点;结合早期膝关节的伸屈主被动训练能有效的维持和巩固手术效果,加快膝关节功能恢复,预防再次粘连。  相似文献   

8.
目的:探讨全膝关节表面置换术后(TKR)早期行阶梯式康复锻炼方案与常规康复锻炼对膝关节功能评分(HSS)与膝关节活动度(ROM)的影响。方法:将44例骨性关节炎(OA)患者按手术顺序随机分为康复组和对照组各22例,两组患者均行TKR手术,术后进行常规治疗与护理,治疗组患者严格按制定的阶梯式康复锻炼方案进行训练。两组在治疗前后均采用HSS评分和ROM测定。结果:两组患者术后第4天、第1、2、6、12、24周HSS评分和ROM测定比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:TKR术后患者早期进行阶梯式康复锻炼可有效改善膝关节的功能和关节活动度,减少卧床时间,对患者整体功能恢复有非常重要的临床意义。  相似文献   

9.
人工全膝关节置换术后早期康复的疗效观察   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
1资料与方法1.1一般资料2003年8月—2004年8月我院对临床诊断为骨性关节炎Ⅳ期患者行人工全膝关节置换术(total knee replacement,TKR)35例。其中,男10例,女25例;年龄56—80岁,平均67.8±5.2岁;病程3—20年,平均5.8±3.7年;单膝关节置换28例,双膝关节置换7例;术前关节平均活动度79.7°±13.8°(55°—100°);内翻畸形平均18°±8.1°(0—30°);HSS评分10—56分,平均31.7±7.9分;手术按常规方法进行[1],使用进口材料,采用骨水泥固定。术后按康复计划训练。1.2治疗方法1.2.1术前期:让患者了解术后康复的一般程序,尽可能增强股四头肌及腘绳…  相似文献   

10.
目的研究综合康复治疗对膝关节粘连患者术后膝关节功能的影响。 方法本研究对50例膝关节粘连患者进行关节镜下松解术治疗,于术后第1天即开始综合康复治疗,包括关节松动术、推髌、止痛、物理因子治疗、肌力训练及关节牵伸等;待患者膝关节屈曲角度&rt;90°时,可让患者出院在家中继续进行康复训练,对患者的康复训练情况进行严密监测并定期随访。 结果术后12个月时发现患者膝关节屈曲角度平均增加67.36°,以康复治疗1~6个月内改善幅度较显著;在治疗过程中发现患者膝关节主动活动度和被动活动度间差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且随着治疗进展,该差异逐渐缩小。患者髌上10 cm处大腿周径较康复治疗前增加4 cm;患者膝部肌群肌力随着关节屈伸角度增大而迅速改善。 结论综合康复治疗对提高膝关节粘连患者术后疗效具有重要意义,能进一步提高膝关节活动度,促进膝关节功能恢复。  相似文献   

11.
Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.  相似文献   

12.
Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.  相似文献   

13.
This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.  相似文献   

14.
ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.  相似文献   

15.
目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4%(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7%(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3%(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1% (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9% (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8%(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大<6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8~10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1%(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9%(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2%(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 %(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.  相似文献   

16.
The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.  相似文献   

17.
18.
目的 探讨俯卧位通气对高海拔地区肺复张术(RM)治疗无效急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)患者的治疗作用.方法 从海拔2260m的地区医院筛选RM治疗无效的41例ARDS患者[平均氧合指数( PaO2/FiO2)较RM前升高<20%视为RM无效],依不同病因分为肺内源性ARDS组(ARDSp组)和肺外源性ARDS组(ARDSexp组),每组再按信封法随机分为俯卧位组和仰卧位组,即ARDSp俯卧位组(11例)、ARDSp仰卧位组(9例)、ARDSexp俯卧位组(10例)、ARDSexp仰卧位组(11例).在通气前及通气1、2、3、4h监测动脉血氧分压( PaO2)、PaO2/FiO2、静态顺应性(Cst)、气道阻力(Raw)的变化.结果 通气lh时,ARDSexp俯卧位组PaO2/FiO2( mm Hg,l mm Hg=0.133 kPa)即较通气前显著升高(157.4±40.6比129.3±48.7,P<0.05),并随通气时间延长呈持续增高趋势,4h达峰值(219.1 ±41.1);且ARDSexp俯卧位组通气3h内PaO2/FiO2较其他3组显著增高,另3组间则差异无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组、ARDSexp俯卧位组通气4h时PaO2/FiO2均较相应仰卧位组显著增高(208.8±39.7比127.4±47.1,219.1±41.1比124.9±50.8,均P<0.05).4组通气前后Cst无显著改变,各组间差异也无统计学意义.ARDSp俯卧位组通气4h时Raw(cmH2O·L-1·s-1)较通气前显著降低(6.8±1.7比10.7±1.8,P<0.05),且明显低于其他3组;其他3组各时间点Raw组内及组间比较差异均无统计学意义.结论 俯卧位通气作为ARDS机械通气重要策略之一,可以改善RM无效高原ARDS患者的氧合,为抢救患者赢得宝贵的时间.  相似文献   

19.
Ranganath C  Heller AS  Wilding EL 《NeuroImage》2007,35(4):1663-1673
Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.  相似文献   

20.
Myocardial elastography is a novel method for noninvasively assessing regional myocardial function, with the advantages of high spatial and temporal resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). In this paper, in-vivo experiments were performed in anesthetized normal and infarcted mice (one day after left anterior descending coronary artery [LAD] ligation) using a high-resolution (30 MHz) ultrasound system (Vevo 770, VisualSonics Inc., Toronto, ON, Canada). Radiofrequency (RF) signals of the left ventricle (LV) in longitudinal (long-axis) view and the associated electrocardiogram (ECG) were simultaneously acquired. Using a retrospective ECG gating technique, 2-D full field-of-view RF frames were acquired at an extremely high frame rate (8 kHz) that resulted in high-quality incremental displacement and strain estimation of the myocardium. The incremental results were further accumulated to obtain the cumulative displacements and strains. Two-dimensional and M-mode displacement images and strain images (elastograms), as well as displacement and strain profiles as a function of time, were compared between normal and infarcted mice. Incremental results clearly depicted cardiac events including LV contraction, LV relaxation and isovolumetric phases in both normal and infarcted mice, and also evidently indicated reduced motion and deformation in the infarcted myocardium. The elastograms indicated that the infarcted regions underwent thinning during systole rather than thickening, as in the normal case. The cumulative elastograms were found to have higher elastographic SNR (SNR(e)) than the incremental elastograms (e.g., 10.6 vs. 4.7 in a normal myocardium, and 6.0 vs. 2.4 in an infarcted myocardium). Finally, preliminary statistical results from nine normal (m = 9) and seven infarcted (n = 7) mice indicated the capability of the cumulative strain in differentiating infracted from normal myocardia. In conclusion, myocardial elastography could provide regional strain information at simultaneously high temporal (>/=0.125 ms) and spatial ( approximately 55 microm) resolution as well as high precision ( approximately 0.05 microm displacement). This technique was thus capable of accurately characterizing normal myocardial function throughout an entire cardiac cycle, at the same high resolution, and detecting and localizing myocardial infarction in vivo.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号