步态诱发功能性电刺激对痉挛型脑瘫足下垂患儿的疗效

目的:观察应用功能性电刺激(FES)治疗痉挛型脑瘫偏瘫患儿足下垂的疗效.方法:痉挛型脑瘫偏瘫患儿24例分为观察组和对照组各12例,2组均进行运动训练、物理因子等治疗.观察组在此基础上应用FES对偏瘫侧腓总神经进行神经肌肉电刺激治疗(NMES),同时进行步行训练.治疗前后分别用改良的Ashworth量表测定患儿腓肠肌肌张力的变化、关节量角器法测量下肢踝关节主动背屈角度和粗大运动功能量表(GMFM-88)之D区(站立)、E区(走跑跳)分值.结果:治疗12周后,2组患儿患侧腓肠肌肌张力评分均较治疗前显著降低(P＜0.01),且观察组更低于对照组(P＜0.05);2组GMFM-88之D、E区评分及踝关节主动背屈角度均高于治疗前(P＜0.01),且观察组更高于对照组(P＜0.05).结论:FES配合康复功能训练能改善痉挛型脑瘫偏瘫患儿的踝关节活动范围,提高下肢运动功能.     

生物反馈综合治疗促进痉挛性双瘫型脑瘫患儿下肢运动功能的疗效观察

目的 探讨生物反馈综合治疗对痉挛性双瘫型脑瘫患儿下肢运动功能障碍的疗效.方法 将37例痉挛性双瘫型脑瘫患儿随机分为观察组17例和对照组20例.除进行常规康复训练和药物治疗外,观察组对患儿双下肢进行生物反馈刺激,治疗前后进行粗大运动功能测量量表(GMFM)中的D项和E项评定.结果 治疗后两组患儿的观察指标均有不同程度改善(P＜0.01),但观察组疗效优于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 生物反馈综合治疗可明显提高脑瘫患儿下肢运动功能.     

肌电生物反馈电刺激治疗偏瘫型脑瘫下肢运动功能障碍的疗效观察

目的观察肌电生物反馈电刺激疗法治疗痉挛型偏瘫型脑瘫患儿下肢运动功能障碍的疗效。方法 60例痉挛型偏瘫型脑瘫患儿按照监护人的治疗意愿分为治疗组和对照组各30例,两组均进行运动训练、物理疗法及配戴矫形器等,治疗组在此基础上应用肌电生物反馈电刺激治疗仪对偏瘫侧下肢进行肌电生物反馈刺激。在治疗前与治疗12周后,分别用综合痉挛评分量表(CSS)评定患侧下肢肌张力、关节量角器法测量患侧下肢踝关节被动背屈角度、粗大运动功能量表(GMFM-88)之D区(站立)、E区(走跑跳)分值以比较观察疗效。结果治疗后两组上述指标均较治疗前有改善(P<0.05)。治疗组12周后下肢CSS评分及踝关节被动背屈角度、GMFM之D区和E区评分均比对照组改善(P<0.05)。结论肌电生物反馈电刺激疗法配合康复功能训练能降低痉挛型偏瘫型脑瘫患儿的下肢肌张力,改善踝关节活动范围,提高下肢运动功能。     

痉挛性脑瘫患儿下肢姿势矫正训练及康复护理

目的:探讨痉挛性脑瘫患儿的下肢姿势矫正训练及康复护理,为临床矫正痉挛性脑瘫患儿下肢姿势提供参考依据。方法:选取2018年2月至2019年2月在湖南省儿童医院进行治疗的痉挛性脑瘫患儿36例设置为康复组,另选取2017年2月至2018年2月在该院进行治疗的痉挛性脑瘫患儿36例设置为对照组。对照组患者实施常规护理,康复组在对照组的基础上实施康复护理及下肢姿势矫正护理。护理3个月后,比较分析两组患儿的临床疗效、粗大运动功能量表评分及膝-踝关节协调性指数。结果:康复组临床疗效总有效率(86.11%)明显高于对照组(66.67%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);护理前,两组患者粗大运动功能量表评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);护理6个月后,康复组粗大运动功能量表评分明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);除右足着地之外,两组患儿相应的肢体与步态各关键点膝-踝关节协调性有明显差异,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:痉挛性脑瘫患儿行下肢姿势矫正训练及康复护理能够显著降低肌张力、提升肌力,改善患儿粗大运动功能。     

步态诱发功能性电刺激改善痉挛型双瘫型脑瘫患儿下肢运动功能的疗效观察

摘要 目的：探讨功能性电刺激（FES）对痉挛型双瘫型脑瘫患儿下肢功能的影响。 方法：25例痉挛型双瘫型脑瘫患儿随机分为FES组（n=14）及对照组（n=11）,两组均进行运动训练、物理疗法等。对照组在此基础上进行步行训练30min,每天1次,每周5d,共12周。前6周FES组在此基础上应用FES对双侧腓总神经进行神经肌肉电刺激（NMES）治疗,同时进行步行训练30min,每天1次,每周5d。后6周FES组在此基础上进行步行训练30min,每天1次,每周5d。在治疗前、治疗6周和治疗12周后,分别进行腓肠肌痉挛评分（改良Ashworth 分值,MAS）、踝关节主动背屈活动度（ROM）和粗大运动功能量表（GMFM-88）之D区（站立）、E区（走跑跳）评定。 结果：两组患儿治疗6周和12周后,踝关节ROM增加,GMFM之D区（站立）评分提高,与各自治疗前相比,差异均有显著性意义(P<0.05或0.01);FES组患儿治疗6周和12周后,对照组患儿治疗12周后,MAS评分及GMFM-88之E区分值均优于治疗前(P<0.05或0.01)。治疗6周和12周后,FES组MAS、踝关节ROM及GMFM-88之D区（站立）、E区（走跑跳）等指标均优于对照组,差异有显著性意义（P<0.05或0.01）。 结论：FES配合康复功能训练能降低痉挛型双瘫型脑瘫患儿的下肢肌张力,增加踝关节活动度,提高下肢运动功能。     

中药气泡浴对痉挛型双瘫脑性瘫痪患儿的疗效

目的观察中药气泡浴对痉挛型双瘫脑瘫患儿的疗效。方法痉挛型双瘫脑瘫患儿在常规康复的基础上,对照组13例患儿行单纯气泡浴;实验组14 例行中药气泡浴。治疗前和治疗10 周后,使用粗大运动功能测试量表(GMFM-66)和改良Ashworth量表(MAS)分别评定患儿的运动功能和小腿三头肌肌张力。结果治疗后,两组GMFM-66 总分均较治疗前显著增加(P<0.001),MAS 评分均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01);实验组GMFM-66 的B、D、E 区评分高于治疗前(P<0.05),对照组无显著性差异(P>0.05)。组间比较,治疗后实验组MAS评分低于对照组(P<0.05)。结论中药气泡浴能改善痉挛型双瘫脑瘫患儿粗大运动功能,降低小腿三头肌肌张力。     

痉挛型双瘫的脑瘫患儿矫形外科术后综合康复治疗的疗效分析

目的:探讨痉挛型双瘫的脑瘫患儿矫形术后进行长期系统的综合康复训练对患儿下肢功能的影响.方法:对36例(年龄5-16岁)患儿行矫形术后分为治疗组(18例)及对照组(18例).治疗组采用综合康复治疗方法,对照组仅进行家庭康复训练.在治疗前、治疗第3个月进行双下肢痉挛评分(改良Ashworth量化分值)、踝关节关节活动度(ROM)以及粗大运动功能量表(GMFM)评定.结果:两组患儿治疗3个月后,改良Ashworth量化分值下降,GMFM站立走跑跳两大功能评分提高,踝关节ROM比治疗前改善明显,差异有显著性意义(P＜0.01).治疗3个月后,治疗组Ashworth、踝关节ROM及GMFM等指标均优于对照组.结论:痉挛型双瘫矫形术后进行长期系统的综合康复训练可有效治疗改善痉挛型双瘫患儿下肢功能.     

家庭康复训练配合门诊治疗对痉挛性双瘫患儿运动功能的影响

目的 观察家庭康复训练配合医院门诊治疗对痉挛性双瘫患儿运动功能的影响.方法 选取60 例痉挛性双瘫患儿,随机分为观察组与对照组.对照组给予常规康复治疗(运动、按摩、神经肌肉电刺激、熏蒸),观察组在此基础上再给予家庭康复训练,于治疗12 周后进行综合评定.结果 治疗后2 组患儿的肌张力、关节活动度、大运动功能较治疗前明显...     

体外冲击波用于改善痉挛型脑性瘫痪患儿蹲伏步态的临床研究

目的:应用体外冲击波治疗痉挛型脑瘫患儿蹲伏步态的疗效分析。方法:30例痉挛性双瘫患儿随机分为治疗组和对照组(每组15例),治疗组加用冲击波治疗,治疗前和治疗后3个月对2组患儿的膝、踝关节的最大角度和关节活动度、肌张力、步长、步速和粗大运动功能评分(GMFM)进行评定。结果:治疗3个月后,两组患儿踝关节的关节活动度、膝关节和踝关节屈曲最大角度和最小角度都明显改善(P0.05);腘绳肌群和小腿三头肌群的肌张力明显下降(P0.05),但治疗组改善更明显;两组患儿GMFM评分、步速、步长均有改善(P0.05),但治疗组效果更明显。结论:体外冲击波可以降低脑瘫患儿腘绳肌、小腿三头肌肌张力,能够改善患儿的蹲伏步态。     

功能性电刺激联合活动平板训练对改善痉挛型双瘫运动功能的效果

目的探讨功能性电刺激(FEs)联合活动平板训练对痉挛型双瘫患儿下肢运动功能的影响。方法将60例痉挛型双瘫型脑瘫患儿随机分为实验组(n=30)和对照组(n=30),2组均进行常规康复训练。在此基础上,实验组患儿进行佩戴功能性电刺激产品在活动平板上进行步行训练,对照组穿戴踝足矫形支具在平地上进行步行训练,每组每天训练1次,每周5d,共12周。治疗前后分别用改良的Ashworth量表测定患儿腓肠肌肌张力的变化、关节量角器法测量下肢踝关节主动背屈角度和粗大运动功能量表(GMFM-88)之D区(站立)、E区(走跑跳)分值。结果 2组患儿治疗12周后,踝关节ROM增加,GMFM之D区(站立)评分提高,与治疗前相比,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);2组患儿治疗12周后,MAS评分及GMFM-88之E区分值均优于治疗前(P0.05)。治疗12周后,实验组的MAs、踝关节ROM及GMFM-88之D区(站立)、E区(走跑跳)等指标均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论功能性电刺激联合活动平板进行步行训练能更有效地降低痉挛型双瘫患儿的下肢肌张力,增加踝关节活动度,提高下肢运动功能。     

Differences of the Truncal Expansion and Respiratory Function between Children with Spastic Diplegic and Hemiplegic Cerebral Palsy

[Purpose] We attempted to determine whether differences of respiratory function could be found in terms of truncal expansion, respiratory muscle strength, and pulmonary function test (PFT) between children with spastic diplegic and hemiplegic cerebral palsy. [Subjects and Methods] We recruited 19 children with spastic diplegic CP (diplegic-CP group) and 10 children with spastic hemiplegic CP (hemiplegic-CP group). For all the children, clinical factors associated with respiratory functions were assessed in terms of truncal expansion (chest and waist expansion), respiratory muscle strength (maximal inspiration and expiration pressures: MIP and MEP), and pulmonary function test (FVC, FEV₁, and FEV₁/FVC). [Results] Overall, the diplegic-CP group showed lower truncal circumference, respiratory muscle strength, and pulmonary function values than the hemiplegic-CP group. However, in the comparison of the two groups significant differences were only found in waist expansion, MIP, MEP, FVC, and FEV₁. [Conclusion] The results of this study indicate that children with diplegic CP have much poorer waist expansion, weaker respiratory muscle, and lower pulmonary function values. These findings will provide valuable information for use in the clinical assessment and treatment of children with spastic CP.Key words: Spastic cerebral palsy, Respiratory muscle strength, Pulmonary function test     

Gross motor function measure for children with cerebral palsy

The aim of this study was to compare the pattern of motor dysfunction in Hong Kong Chinese children with spastic diplegic and the athetoid type of cerebral palsy (CP) by the Gross Motor Function Measure (GMFM). The GMFM was first tested on its content validity in differentiating the items suitable for testing on upper and lower limb function, followed by test-retest and inter-rater reliability studies, before it was used in a within-subject experiment comparing upper and lower gross motor function in two types of CP, respectively. Children with spastic diplegia (n=18) and with athetosis (n=19) were recruited from three pre-school centres, schools for physically handicapped children and centres of the Hong Kong Spastic Association in Hong Kong. The GMFM, a standardized outcome measure of the motor function in children with CP, was used in comparing mean scores of motor tasks involving upper limbs and those not involving upper limbs in the athetoid and spastic cerebral palsied children. The scores were significantly higher for the children in the spastic diplegic group, but there was no significant difference in the performance of static and dynamic motor tasks of the GMFM between the children in the two groups.     

Cerebral palsy: postural-locomotor prognosis in spastic diplegia

Prognosis of locomotion in children with cerebral palsy (CP) is complicated by the variety of motor and other neurologic deficits in each case. Children presenting with spastic diplegic (SD) CP related to prematurity generally demonstrate more uniform and comparable neuromotor abnormalities. In this study, longitudinal data were collected on the early postural-locomotor development of children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy (SDCP). The data were then correlated with the level of ambulatory function attained. Fifty spastic pediatric patients, aged 5 to 19 years, were included in the study completed in 1982. The duration of follow-up ranged from 4 to 16 years. The study is based upon a method of assessing preambulatory milestones, a classification of ambulatory function into four levels of ability, and correlates these two sets of data. The results indicate that the motor control of sitting and crawling at 1 1/2 to 2 1/2 years was predictive of the eventual level of ambulatory function the child was able to attain and maintain.     

Comparison of Spatiotemporal Gait Parameters between Children with Normal Development and Children with Diplegic Cerebral Palsy

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to determine the differences in spatiotemporal gait parameters between children with spastic diplegic CP and children with normal development (ND). [Subjects and Methods] Sixteen children (eight children with spastic diplegic CP and eight ND children) were recruited for participation as volunteers in this study. The children with CP had a Gross Motor Function Classification (GMFC) System level of between I and II. [Results] Walking velocity, cadence, stride length, and step width of children with CP with a GMFC of between I and II were a level of 60%, 77%, 73%, and 160%, respectively, of those of ND children. The percentages of right and left double-limb support were 188% and 179% higher, respectively, and the proportion of single limb support was shorter by 83% and 82%. [Conclusion] Our results provide objective evidence of distinct differences in spatiotemporal gait parameters between children with spastic diplegic CP with a GMFC level I or II and ND children and would be helpful to persons involved in the care of these children.Key words: Cerebral palsy, Spatiotemporal gait parameter, Gait pattern     

痉挛型双瘫脑性瘫痪患儿智力水平及智力结构分析

目的探讨痉挛型双瘫脑瘫患儿智力水平及智力结构情况。方法采用中国韦氏幼儿智力量表和中国韦氏儿童智力量表对67 例痉挛型双瘫脑瘫患儿(分低龄组、高龄组)进行测试。结果低龄组(≤6 岁5 个月)患儿平均总智商(71.10±15.95),高龄组(>6 岁5 个月)平均总智商(73.12±16.02),总智力低下率44.78%,低于脑瘫患儿的平均智力低下率。高龄组言语智商明显优于操作智商(P<0.01),Bannatyne 四因素中概念因素和获得因素的分测验得分高于空间因素和序列因素分测验(P<0.05)。结论痉挛型双瘫脑瘫患儿智力水平落后,但优于脑瘫患儿的平均智力水平,其智力结构存在不均衡现象。     

Performance of static standing balance in children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy under altered sensory environments.

Seven children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy and 14 age- and gender-matched nondisabled children participated in the present study for an investigation and comparison of their static standing balance under altered sensory environments. The type of visual input (full, occluded, or sway referenced vision) and the type of somatosensory input (fixed or compliant foot support) were varied factorially to give six sensory environments. Each participant was tested barefooted for 30 s under all six conditions. A force platform collected the ground reaction force, from which standing balance was calculated as the sway area of the center of pressure. The results showed that when somatosensory information was reliable (fixed foot support), there was no significant difference in stance stability between the children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy and their matched controls, and both types of children were equally affected by the type of visual input. However, when somatosensory information was unreliable (compliant foot support), the difference in stance stability between the children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy and their matched controls was significantly greater when the visual input was deprived (occluded) or unreliable (sway referenced) than when it was reliable. These results suggest that the children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy may have difficulties in resolving intersensory conflicts for maintenance of standing balance, or the demands of motor control in sensory conflict conditions outweigh the motor ability of children with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy.     

Effects of conventional neurological treatment and a virtual reality training program on eye-hand coordination in children with cerebral palsy

[Purpose] The purpose of the study was to evaluate the effects of conventional neurological treatment and a virtual reality training program on eye-hand coordination in children with cerebral palsy. [Subjects] Sixteen children (9 males, 7 females) with spastic diplegic cerebral palsy were recruited and randomly assigned to the conventional neurological physical therapy group (CG) and virtual reality training group (VRG). [Methods] Eight children in the control group performed 45 minutes of therapeutic exercise twice a week for eight weeks. In the experimental group, the other eight children performed 30 minutes of therapeutic exercise and 15 minutes of a training program using virtual reality twice a week during the experimental period. [Results] After eight weeks of the training program, there were significant differences in eye-hand coordination and visual motor speed in the comparison of the virtual reality training group with the conventional neurological physical therapy group. [Conclusion] We conclude that a well-designed training program using virtual reality can improve eye-hand coordination in children with cerebral palsy.Key words: Cerebral palsy, Virtual reality, Eye hand coordination     

Test-Retest repeatability of gluteus maximus strength testing using a fixed digital dynamometer in children with cerebral palsy

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the test-retest repeatability of the measurement of the gluteus maximus strength using a fixed digital dynamometer. DESIGN: Test-retest design. The strength of the gluteus maximus was measured in prone position during 2 sessions an average of 6 days apart. SETTING: Gait analysis laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Eleven children with spastic diplegic (n=10) and hemiplegic (n=1) cerebral palsy (CP), age 6 to 14 years, and 11 aged-matched children. All were able to walk independently, but 2 in the CP group used walking aids. INTERVENTIONS: Not applicable. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: On 2 occasions, gluteus maximus strength was measured 3 times in 2 positions of the hip joint. Repeatability of the measurements was assessed by intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs), coefficients of variation, and the coefficient of repeatability. RESULTS: When normalized to body mass, children with CP had significantly less gluteus maximus strength compared with the controls. The ICCs for the control group ranged from .76 to .85 and from .75 to .83 for the involved leg in the CP group. CONCLUSIONS: The reliability of measurement of gluteus maximus strength was good for both control group and the involved leg of the CP group. The normalized values for gluteus maximus strength and measures of reproducibility can be used when measuring gluteus maximus strength in children with CP.     

A型肉毒毒素用于治疗痉挛型脑性瘫痪的临床研究

目的:探讨A型肉毒毒素注射治疗痉挛型脑性瘫痪儿童肌肉痉挛的疗效。方法:选择痉挛型脑性瘫痪儿童200例,A型肉毒毒素注射组(注射组)和单纯康复治疗组(对照组)各100例。其中注射组将A型肉毒毒素准确注射到患儿痉挛肌群,注射后次日开始进行康复训练(共12周)。所有病例在治疗前及治疗后1周、2周、4周、8周、12周分别采用改良Ashworth量表、粗大运动功能量表及医师等级评价量表进行相关评价。结果:注射组在注射后各观察时点肌肉痉挛改善程度和运动功能评分均优于注射前(P<0.05),注射组治疗效果明显优于对照组。结论:A型肉毒毒素注射治疗可以快速、有效地缓解痉挛;注射治疗结合康复训练相较于单纯康复训练,更有助于提高运动功能、缩短治疗时间。