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1.
目的:探讨低频电刺激联合压力和温度刺激促进训练治疗老年痴呆患者合并吞咽功能障碍的疗效。方法:老年痴呆合并吞咽功能障碍患者80例,随机分为观察组和对照组各40例。2组均采用常规药物治疗和吞咽康复训练,观察组在此基础上加用低频电刺激联合压力温度刺激促进训练。治疗前后采用洼田饮水试验评级和标准吞咽功能评分(SSA)对2组进行评估。结果:治疗4周后,2组洼田饮水试验评级均较治疗前明显好转(P0.05,0.01),且观察组更优于对照组(P0.05)。治疗2、3及4周时,2组SSA评分均较治疗前呈逐渐下降趋势(均P0.05),且观察组在治疗第3及4周时的SSA评分均低于同期的对照组(均P0.05),治疗2周时SSA评分2组间比较差异无统计学意义。结论:低频电刺激联合压力温度刺激促进训练较常规吞咽康复训练更有效改善老年痴呆患者的吞咽功能。  相似文献   

2.
目的:探讨冰棉签刺激和维生素C刺激对脑梗死后吞咽障碍患者的康复治疗效果。方法:选取阜阳市第二人民医院神经内科收治的脑梗死后吞咽障碍患者60例,随机分为观察组与对照组(每组各30例)。在常规吞咽训练的基础上,对照组采取冰棉签刺激训练,观察组采取维生素C刺激训练。治疗1周后采用洼田饮水实验评价吞咽功能,比较两组治疗效果及不良反应。结果:治疗后,观察组有效率(86.67%)明显高于对照组(56.67%,P0.05)。观察组洼田饮水试验评分低于对照组(P0.05)。观察组恶心、呛咳的发生率均低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:维生素C刺激训练能有效改善脑梗死后吞咽障碍患者的吞咽功能,提高康复效果,值得临床推广。  相似文献   

3.
目的探讨肌电生物反馈(SEMG-BFT)联合低频电刺激和康复训练对脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍患者吞咽功能的影响,并对比不同性状食物在吞咽中的差异,以期为脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍患者选择全面的康复治疗方案提供依据。 方法选取脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍患者56例,随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组28例。对照组采用低频电刺激和康复训练治疗,治疗组患者对照组治疗方案的基础上加以SEMG-BFT治疗。于治疗前、治疗2周和治疗4周后分别采用洼田饮水试验、中文版吞咽功能评估量表(GUSS)评估患者吞咽功能,同时采用颏下肌群表面肌电(SEMG)信号检测2组患者吞咽不同性状食物时的吞咽时程和平均波幅值,并进行比较和分析。 结果治疗2周和4周后,2组患者洼田饮水实验评分、GUSS评分较组内治疗前均有明显改善,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗2周和4周后的洼田饮水实验评分、GUSS评分均优于对照组同时间点,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗2周和4周后,2组患者吞咽不同性状食物时的sEMG吞咽时程、平均波幅与组内治疗前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);且治疗组治疗2周和4周后的sEMG吞咽时程、平均波幅与对照组同时间点比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。经SNK-q检验显示,脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍患者吞咽糊状食物的吞咽时程、平均波幅分别为(1.43±0.12)s和(23.07±7.42)μV与空吞唾液和吞咽流质食物比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论SEMG-BFT联合电刺激电刺激和康复训练显著改善脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍患者的吞咽功能,而糊状食物是一种相对安全的训练工具,可用于早期吞咽功能的评定和治疗。  相似文献   

4.
目的观察Vitaistim治疗仪联合冰刺激对脑卒中吞咽障碍患者临床效果的影响。方法随机将60例脑卒中后伴有吞咽障碍的患者分为观察组和对照组,每组30例。对照组运用冰刺激治疗,观察组在对照组治疗的基础上,给予Vitaistim吞咽仪干预,分别于治疗前、治疗3周后进行洼田饮水测验、吞咽功能量表SSA评分和X线(VFSS)检查以评价效果。结果观察组洼田饮水评分、VFSS评分高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05);标准吞咽量表SSA评分低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 Vitaistim治疗仪联合冰刺激疗法可以显著改善脑卒中后患者的吞咽功能。  相似文献   

5.
[目的]结合饮水试验评分评估和研究脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍病人康复护理的价值。[方法]选取住院的脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍病人68例,随机分为对照组和康复护理组,对照组给予心理疏导、进食训练和摄食管理等常规护理,康复护理组加用包括咽部冰刺激训练及吞咽功能治疗仪行神经肌肉电刺激(NMES)等康复护理干预措施,分别于治疗前及治疗2周时,以饮水试验评分对吞咽功能障碍进行评估,以治疗后饮水试验评分改善百分率评价疗效。[结果]饮水试验评分康复护理组治疗前、2周后比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。康复护理组总有效率为94.1%,对照组总有效率为61.7%,两组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.01)。[结论]包括咽部冰刺激和神经肌肉电刺激在内的康复护理可有效改善脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍饮水试验评分,提高病人的生活质量。  相似文献   

6.
神经肌肉电刺激和吞咽训练对脑卒中后吞咽障碍的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
目的探讨神经肌肉电刺激疗法与吞咽功能训练治疗脑卒中后吞咽障碍的临床疗效。方法将60例急性脑卒中吞咽障碍患者随机分为电刺激组(n=20)、吞咽训练组(n=20)和联合治疗组(n=20)。3组均在接受常规药物治疗基础上分别加用神经肌肉电刺激、吞咽功能训练或者两者的联合治疗。治疗前和治疗后2周进行洼田饮水试验和吞咽X线电视透视检查(VFSS)。结果 治疗后2周3组洼田饮水试验和VFSS评分均高于治疗前(P<0.05),联合治疗组疗效更明显(P<0.01)。结论神经肌肉电刺激和吞咽功能训练均能明显改善脑卒中后吞咽障碍患者的吞咽功能,联合治疗效果更佳。  相似文献   

7.
目的 观察导管球囊扩张技术联合经颅磁刺激治疗脑卒中后环咽肌失弛缓致吞咽功能障碍患者的临床疗效。 方法 选取脑卒中后环咽肌失弛缓所致吞咽功能障碍患者90例,按随机数字表法分为球囊扩张组、重复经颅磁刺激(rTMS)组和联合治疗组,每组30例。球囊扩张组给予导管球囊扩张技术治疗,rTMS组给予重复经颅磁刺激治疗,联合治疗组给予导管球囊扩张技术联合重复经颅磁刺激治疗,治疗周期为4周。于治疗前和治疗4周后(治疗后)采用洼田饮水试验评分和标准吞咽功能评分(SSA)评估3组患者的吞咽功能,并于治疗后采用临床疗效评定评估3组患者的临床疗效。 结果 治疗后,3组患者洼田饮水试验加权评分和SSA评分较组内治疗前均显著降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),且联合治疗组的洼田饮水试验加权评分和SSA评分显著优于球囊扩张组和rTMS组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,联合治疗组总有效率为96.7%,高于球囊扩张组的70.0%(χ2=7.68,P<0.01)和rTMS组的63.3%(χ2=10.42, P<0.01)。 结论 导管球囊扩张技术联合rTMS可显著改善脑卒中后环咽肌失弛缓致吞咽功能障碍患者的吞咽功能。  相似文献   

8.
目的观察K点刺激对最小意识状态患者吞咽功能障碍的影响。 方法将30例最小意识状态患者按照随机数字表法分为实验组和对照组,每组15例。2组均进行常规综合康复治疗、吞咽功能训练及神经肌肉电刺激治疗,实验组在上述治疗基础上辅以K点刺激治疗。治疗前及治疗4周后,采用洼田饮水试验对2组患者进行吞咽功能评定。 结果治疗前,2组患者洼田饮水试验分级比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。2组患者治疗4周后洼田饮水试验分级明显改善,与组内治疗前比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且治疗4周后实验组洼田饮水试验分级优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论K点刺激可改善最小意识状态患者的吞咽功能,值得临床应用、推广。  相似文献   

9.
目的观察针刺联合电刺激及吞咽功能训练治疗肝豆状核变性伴咽期吞咽障碍的疗效。 方法采用随机数字表法将60例肝豆状核变性合并咽期吞咽困难患者分为针刺组、电刺激组及综合治疗组,针刺组患者给予吞咽功能训练及针刺治疗;电刺激组患者给予吞咽功能训练及吞咽神经肌肉电刺激;综合治疗组患者则给予吞咽功能训练、针刺及吞咽神经肌肉电刺激联合治疗。于治疗前、治疗4周后分别采用洼田饮水试验及标准化床边吞咽功能检查表(SSA)对各组患者吞咽功能改善情况进行评定。 结果治疗前3组患者洼田饮水试验评分及SSA评分组间差异均无统计学意义(P&rt;0.05);分别经4周治疗后,发现3组患者洼田饮水试验评分及SSA评分均较治疗前明显改善(P<0.05);通过组间比较发现,综合治疗组洼田饮水试验评分[(1.9±0.6)分]及SSA评分[(25.9±2.2)分]均显著优于针刺组及电刺激组(P<0.05),针刺组与电刺激组上述指标评分组间差异仍无统计学意义(P&rt;0.05)。 结论联合采用吞咽功能训练、针刺及电刺激治疗肝豆状核变性伴咽期吞咽障碍患者具有协同疗效,能进一步改善患者咽期吞咽功能,减少误吸及感染发生,促进患者生活质量提高。  相似文献   

10.
目的观察国际功能、残疾和健康分类(ICF)60条吞咽障碍核心条目在临床脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍评定和治疗中的作用。 方法选取脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍患者60例,按随机数字表法分为ICF组和对照组,每组30例。ICF组患者于收治后即开始Threats 60条吞咽障碍核心条目评定,对照组患者则进行康复医学科常规吞咽功能障碍评定。评定结束后,2组患者均进行吞咽功能障碍常规康复治疗,ICF组患者在此基础上,依据ICF评估时发现的功能障碍给予相应的干预。2组患者均于治疗前、治疗4周和8周后进行洼田饮水试验分级评定,并于评估结束后行表面肌电图(sEMG)检查。 结果治疗4周和8周后,ICF组的洼田饮水试验分级分别为(2.56±0.76)级和(1.46±0.32)级,分别与组内治疗前和对照组治疗后同时间点比较,差异均有统计学意义P<0.05);治疗4周和8周后,2组患者各肌群的吞咽时程和募集最大振幅较组内治疗前均显著改善(P<0.05),且ICF组各肌群的吞咽时程和募集最大振幅均显著优于对照组同时间点,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论在常规吞咽功能障碍治疗的基础上,根据ICF Threats 60条吞咽障碍核心条目的评定结果对脑卒中后吞咽功能障碍患者进行有针对性的干预,可显著改善吞咽障碍患者的洼田饮水试验分级以及各肌群吞咽时程和募集最大振幅。  相似文献   

11.
Objective: To identify patterns of nonfatal and fatal penetrating trauma among children and adults in New Mexico using ED and medical examiner data.
Methods: The authors retrospectively sampled in 5-year intervals all victims of penetrating trauma who presented to either the state Level-1 trauma center or the state medical examiner from a 16-year period (1978–1993). Rates of nonfatal and fatal firearm and stabbing injury were compared for children and adults.
Results: Rates of nonfatal injury were similar (firearm, 34.3 per 100,000 person-years; stabbing, 35.1). However, rates of fatal injury were significantly different (firearm, 21.9; stabbing, 2.7; relative risk: 8.2; 95% confidence interval: 5.4, 12.5). From 1978 to 1993, nonfatal injury rates increased for children (p = 0.0043) and adults (p < 0.0001), while fatal penetrating injury remained constant. The increase in nonfatal injury in children resulted from increased firearm injury rates. In adults, both stabbing and firearm nonfatal injury rates increased.
Conclusions: Nonfatal injury data suggest that nonfatal violence has increased; fatal injury data suggest that violent death rates have remained constant. Injury patterns vary by age, mechanism of trauma, and data source. These results suggest that ED and medical examiner data differ and that both are needed to guide injury prevention programs.  相似文献   

12.
Three supplementary perspectives are presented arguing that interprofessional collaboration is both necessary and desirable. Nonetheless, there are often too many serious intra-professional barriers and obstacles to interprofessional collaboration to make it successful. Some of these barriers, it is argued and illustrated, are found in the multiple ways in which professional identity is tacitly acquired and embodied in the practitioners' habitual, everyday practice. The paper then explores ways in which reflection, especially Second order reflection, can help to elucidate and overcome these obstacles, as well as increasing professional adaptability and competence.  相似文献   

13.
ABSTRACT

The Cochrane Library of Systematic Reviews is published quarterly as a DVD and monthly online. The January 2011 issue (first quarterly DVD for 2011) contains 4515 complete reviews, 1985 protocols for reviews in production, and 13,521 one-page summaries of systematic reviews published in the general medical literature. In addition, there are citations of 641,000 randomized controlled trials, and 14,018 cited papers in the Cochrane methodology register. The health technology assessment database contains over 9300 citations. One hundred and seven new reviews have been published in the last 3 months, of which five have potential relevance for practitioners in pain and palliative medicine.  相似文献   

14.
This is a new method for the determination of creatine kinase isoenzyme MB activity in serum. The method uses direct activity measurement of creatine kinase B subunit activity after blocking of CK-M subunit activity by inhibiting antibodies. The test takes no longer than 15 min. The method yields an intra-serial C.V. of 2.0-12.9%, and a C.V. from day to day of 5.5%. The detection limit is 3.4 U/l creatine kinase MB. In the 95 cases with proven myocardial infarction several types of creatine kinase MB activity kinetics could be determined. The percentage of creatine kinase MB of peak CK-total is 6-25%, with a mean of 11.1%. The amount of creatine kinase MB with respect to total CK activity after reinfarction is higher than the amount after initial infarction.  相似文献   

15.
目的 探讨手转胎头术失败的原因与分娩结局.方法 选择2008年1月至2010年12月于我院住院分娩的持续性枕横位、枕后位产妇198例,根据行手转胎头术后结果分为成功组126例、失败组72例.比较两组分娩结局,对比分析失败原因.结果 失败组胎儿体质量≥3500 g的发生率[76.4%(55/72)]明显高于成功组[31.7%(40/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=30.177,P=0.001)、失败组宫缩乏力发生率[58.3%(42/72)]高于成功组[38.1% (48/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=7.569,P=0.006)、失败组骨盆临界或轻度狭窄发生率[38.9% (28/72)]高于成功组[23.8%(30/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2 =5.030,P=0.002)、失败组手转胎头时机不当(宫口开大<6 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘上及宫口开大8~10 cm、胎头位于坐骨棘下≥2 cm)发生率[61.1%(44/72)]高于成功组[38.9%(49/126)],差异有统计学意义(x2=9.084,P=0.003).失败组母儿并发症(产后出血、产褥病率、胎儿窘迫、新生儿窒息)发生率高于成功组(x2 =9.586,P=0.002、x2=9.334,P=0.002、x2=5.910,P=0.015、x2=5.240,P=0.022)、失败组剖宫产发生率[72.2%(52/72)]明显高于成功组[34.1 %(43/126),x2=26.641,P=0.001)].结论 手转胎头术能使难产变顺产,降低剖宫产率,减少母儿并发症,但须积极预防、处理导致手转胎头术失败的原因,对矫正失败后继续矫正及试产应慎重.  相似文献   

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Ranganath C  Heller AS  Wilding EL 《NeuroImage》2007,35(4):1663-1673
Although substantial evidence suggests that the prefrontal cortex (PFC) implements processes that are critical for accurate episodic memory judgments, the specific roles of different PFC subregions remain unclear. Here, we used event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging to distinguish between prefrontal activity related to operations that (1) influence processing of retrieval cues based on current task demands, or (2) are involved in monitoring the outputs of retrieval. Fourteen participants studied auditory words spoken by a male or female speaker and completed memory tests in which the stimuli were unstudied foil words and studied words spoken by either the same speaker at study, or the alternate speaker. On "general" test trials, participants were to determine whether each word was studied, regardless of the voice of the speaker, whereas on "specific" test trials, participants were to additionally distinguish between studied words that were spoken in the same voice or a different voice at study. Thus, on specific test trials, participants were explicitly required to attend to voice information in order to evaluate each test item. Anterior (right BA 10), dorsolateral prefrontal (right BA 46), and inferior frontal (bilateral BA 47/12) regions were more active during specific than during general trials. Activation in anterior and dorsolateral PFC was enhanced during specific test trials even in response to unstudied items, suggesting that activation in these regions was related to the differential processing of retrieval cues in the two tasks. In contrast, differences between specific and general test trials in inferior frontal regions (bilateral BA 47/12) were seen only for studied items, suggesting a role for these regions in post-retrieval monitoring processes. Results from this study are consistent with the idea that different PFC subregions implement distinct, but complementary processes that collectively support accurate episodic memory judgments.  相似文献   

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The Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in the USA operates a network of 172 medical centres which all utilize a hospital information system (HIS) which has been developed and is currently maintained by the VA. During the past several years, an image management and communication module has been developed, installed and clinically utilized at the Washington DC and Maryland VA Medical Centres. This image management and communication system, referred to as the decentralized hospital computer program (DHCP) imaging system, is fully integrated with a commercial picture archiving and communication system (PACS). The system is utilized to capture, archive, and display all images generated within the hospital including radiology, nuclear medicine, pathology, endoscopy, bronchoscopy, and dermatology, intraoperative photographs, ECG data, and a limited number of paper documents. The ultimate goal of the project is to have all patient text and image data available at any clinical workstation to any authorized user anywhere within the network of medical centres. Clinical requirements for an imaging workstation include ease of use, rapid and reliable access to the complete set of patient information, and images which are of acceptable quality to meet the requirements of the user and the subspecialty. Patient confidentiality and data security must be safeguarded at all times. Integration of the images with the remainder of the patient's database was found to be critical to the success of the project. The experience at the Washington and Maryland facilities suggests that an imaging system that is successfully integrated with a hospital information system can provide substantial clinical and economic benefits both within and among medical centres. Clinical acceptance and utilization of the system has been excellent, particularly in diagnostic radiology where DHCP Imaging has been interfaced to a commercial PAC system. Based upon this initial experience, the VA has begun to deploy the system throughout its large network of medical centres.  相似文献   

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